Forensic DNA for the Paralegal

First and Foremost, Which DNA?

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid

aka DNA

• Human Genome DNA

• Forensic DNA

When is Forensic Testing Required?

• Identify potential suspects.• Exonerate wrongly accused people.• Identify catastrophe victims. • Establish paternity/family relationships. • Identify endangered/protected species. • Detect bacteria and other organisms.• Match organ donors with recipients.• Determine pedigree for seed or livestock.• Authenticate consumables.

What is a DNA Fingerprint?

• Profiling, Testing, Typing or Genetic Fingerprinting are Synonymous.

• Saliva, Sperm, Blood, Hair, Skin Cells, or Human Tissue Samples.

• Encrypted Sets of Numbers That Reflect a Unique DNA.

What is the DNA Databank?• COmbined DNA Index System aka “CODIS” Blends Computer and DNA Technologies.

• FBI-Managed Dual Index System of Convicted Offender and Forensic Indexed Databases.

• 5 Million DNA Profiles in 2007.

• 500,000 DNA Sample Backlog in 2007.

DNA Standards and Uniqueness• FBI Sets the Standard w/13

Genetic Markers or LOCI.

• There are Between 4 and 40 Variations of LOCI.

• 1 in 5B Chance of Matching.

• DNA Forensics are Superior • to Eyewitness or Fingerprints.

What Are the Technologies Used in Forensic Investigation

• Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

• Polymerase Chain Reaction

• Short Tandem Repeat• Michondrial• Y-Chromosone

Where Are the Samples Tested?

• Bureau of Forensic Services aka BFS.• Scientific Arm of the CAGO.• Collect, Analyze and Compare

Forensic Evidence.• Specialized Training and Services.

Handling DNA

• Understanding the Lab Report: The First Item you Need in a DNA Report

• Looking Behind the Lab Report: Are the Laboratory's Conclusions Fully Supported by the Test Results?

• Chain of Custody

Ethical, Legal and Social Concerns on DNA

DataBanking

• Privacy• Genetic Traits• Destruction• Statute of Limitations• Arrestees vs. Convicted

Shocking DNA Events

• Twin Birthing from Different Fathers• False DNA Evidence Planted at

Crime Scenes• DNA Test Kits for 10yo at Target

Stores Online

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