Post on 18-Jan-2016
transcript
Drill: Draw & name 3 isomers of C4H8O. (each isomer must contain a carbonyl
group)
CarboxylicAcids
Carboxylic Acids•Organic compounds with carboxyl groups
Carboxylic Acids
O
R-C R-COOH
OH
Common Acids
Formic Acid
O
H-C
OH
Methanoic Acid
Acetic Acid O
CH3-C
OHEthanoic acid
Propionic Acid O
CH3-CH2-C
OHPropanoic acid
Butyric Acid O
CH3CH2CH2C
OHButanoic acid
Fatty Acids•Continuous-chain
carboxylic acids isolated from fats
Caproic Acid O
CH3(CH2)4C
OHHexanoic acid
Caprylic Acid O
CH3(CH2)6C
OHOctanoic acid
Capric Acid O
CH3(CH2)8C
OHDecanoic acid
Lauric Acid O
CH3(CH2)10C
OH
Myristic Acid O
CH3(CH2)12C
OH
Palmetic Acid O
CH3(CH2)14C
OH
Stearic Acid O
CH3(CH2)16C
OH
Organic HW•Draw & name 5 isomers (containing a carboxyl group) of C6H12O2
Unsaturated F A
•Oleic acid
•Linoleic acid
•Linolenic Acid
Benzoic Acid O
C OH
Dicarboxylic Acids•Organic compounds
with two carboxyl groups
Oxalic Acid O O
C-C HO OH
Malonic Acid O O
C-CH2-C
HO OH
Succinic Acid O O
C(CH2)2C
HO OH
Glutaric Acid O O
C(CH2)3C
HO OH
Adipic Acid O O
C(CH2)4C
HO OH
Maleic Acid HC=CH
O=C C=O HO OH
OH O=C
HC=CH C=O
HO
Fumaric acid
Phthalic Acid
COOH
COOH
Name:
O HO O
O-P-O-C-C-C
O H H H
-2
Lactic Acid OH
H3C-CH-COOH
Pyruvic Acid
O
H3C-C-COOH
Tartaric Acid
HO-CH-COOH
HO-CH-COOH
Citric Acid H2C-COOH
HO-C-COOH
H2C-COOH
Salicylic Acid
COOH
OH
BP Properties•Alkanes < ketones
•ketones < aldehydes
•aldehydes < alcohols
•alcohols < acids
Fatty Acids•Long chain fatty acids have a polar
and a non-polar end
Name: O
C OH
Name: O
C OH
HO
Drill:•Draw & name 4
carboxyl group containing isomers
of C5H10O2:
Fatty Acid Salts•R-COOH + MOH
•R-COO- M+ + H2O
Fatty Acid Salts•R-COOH + MOH
•R-COO- M+ + H2O
Fatty Acid Salts•HCOOH + KOH
•HCOO- K+ + H2O
Fatty Acid Salts•HCOOH + KOH
•HCOO- K+ + H2O
Fatty Acid Salts•CH3-COOH + NaOH
•CH3-COO- Na+ + H2O
Soaps•Soaps are alkali metal salts of long chain fatty acids
•Yay cleanliness!
Soaps
O-
OHydrophobic end
Hydrophilic end
Explain Soaps, Micelles, & lipid layers
Making Carboxylic
Acids
Making Acids•Strong oxidation of a primary alcohol or an aldehyde
•Use KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7
Making Acids R-CH2-OH
O
R-C
H O
R-COH
oxidation
oxidation
Making Acids CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
O
CH3CH2-COH
K2Cr2O7
Making Acids
-CH2OH
O
-COH
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4