e-Business - Mobile development trends

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DITF LDI Lietišķo datorsistēmu programmatūras

profesora grupa

e-Business Solutions

Basic Trends of Modern Software Development

Vladimir Kotov Basic Trends of Modern Software Development

Mobile Development Trends

Vladimir Kotov Basic Trends of Modern Software Development 3

Need an App ...

Popular Devices in Latvia

Versions in Latvia

Version Statistics

December 2012

Version Statistics

December 2012

Smartphone OS Market Share

IDC, 2012 v. 2011

Cross-platform Mobile Development

Application types● Native● Web● Hybrid● Cross-compile

Native Apps

Built for a specific platform with the platform SDK, tools and languages, typically provided by the platform vendor

Native Apps

+● Speed and reaction● Native look'n'feel● Native API● Debug + Profile

-● Only 1 platform● New language?● Costs● App review time

When to use native app ?

● Use native app if ...● You want to achieve native look and feel ● You need top performance● You want to be on the app store(s)

The Mobile “Server-side” Web

Uses HTML, JavaScript, CSS and runs in a devices browser

● Responsive Design

● Dynamically loads HTML content and assets● Serves same HTML content and assets for every

device and then scales via CSS using media queries

– e.g. @media screen and (max-width: 650px)

+● Existing tools● No license fees● All platforms with

browser, even your old Nokia

● Search engine

-● No app stores● Limited platform

access (camera, calendar, etc)

● As fast as your browser, network latency

The Mobile “Client-side” Web

Uses HTML5 + JavaScript and runs in a devices browser

● Sencha Touch● JQueryMobile

● JQTouch● KendoUI

● GWT Mobile

browser● Search engine

-● No app stores● Limited platform

access (camera, calendar, etc)

● As fast as your browser, network latency

● Use the client-side web if ...● Need something that looks like an app, but

care less for the sensors of your phone● You want to prototype a service● You need crossplatform app (not native)

Hybrid App

HTML5 + JavaScript with a wrapper that gives it native capabilities

Hybrid App

● Run inside a native container to leverage the device’s browser engine (but not the browser)

● Web-to-native abstraction layer enables access to device capabilities

Hybrid App

browser● Search engine

-● As fast as your

browser, network latency

Hybrid App

● Use hybrid approach if ...● You want to build your app based on HTML5● And need access to the phone's hardware

Interpreted and cross-compile

● Appcelerator Titanium

– JavaScript -> Native + Hybrid JS● MonoTouch

– C# -> Native● Apache Thrift

– Thrift definition -> Native● QT

● Use interpreted or cross-compiled app if ...● You want to use “one language to build them

all”● Need access to the phone's hardware● Need semi- or truly native look and feel /

performance

Decision

● Factors● App size and type● Platforms● Developers skills● Budget● Monetization● User experience● Importance of updates

Decision

Android platform

Android is a Linux-based operating system and a software stack designed for mobile devices

Key Applications Home, Phone, Browser

Application Framework Java layer system services

Middlewares Libraries, Dalvik VM

Operating system Linux kernel

Android platform

Developed by Google*

2005 – purchased Android Inc

2007 – established Open Handset Alliance (OHA)

2012 – Oracle v. Google on Java API

Compatibility Definition Document

to certify devices

SDK + tools

to create applications

Android platform

Main hardware platform for Android is ARM

● support for x86 from the Android x86 project

Advanced RISC Machine

● 7.9 billion shipped in 2011

– 95% smartphones

– 90% hard disk drives● Reduced instruction set computing (RISC)

● Lower costs, Less heat, Less power usage

● Reduced complexity and simpler design

● Good interfacing to many devices

Android Anatomy

Android Linux Kernel

Android kernel based on Linux 2.6 and 3.x (Android 4.0)

● Why Linux?

● Great memory and process management

● Permissions-based security model

● Proven driver model

● Support for shared libraries

● Open source

Android “is not Linux”

● Users never see Linux sub system● Not the full set of standard Linux utilities● August 2011, Linus Torvalds - "eventually Android and

Linux would come back to a common kernel, but it will probably not be for four to five years"

Android patch of kernel enhancements

● Power Management● Ashmem ● Binder IPC● Low Memory Killer

December 2011 - Android Mainlining Project to put some Android drivers, patches and features back into the Linux kernel

Android Native Libraries

Android offer

The first open* and comprehensive platform for mobile devices

● an operating system, user-interface and applications● a mobile phone without the proprietary obstacles that

have hindered mobile innovation● an open-source development platform

Android offer

● Apps are equivalent parts of the phone using the same API

● Reuse and replacement of application components

● GSM, EDGE, 3G, 4G, LTE data transfer

● Comprehensive location-based APIs

● Wi-Fi hardware access and peer-to-peer connection

Android offer

● Full multimedia hardware control, media libraries

● APIs for sensor hardware

● Libraries for Bluetooth and NFC

● Shared data stores and APIs for contacts, social networking

● Background Services, applications, and processes

● Home-screen Widgets and Live Wallpaper

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