Aspects of human life

Biological Aspect

- All biological needs – same in other animals too

Sociological Aspect

- Sociological and cultural needs – unique to human beings – can be achieved

ORIGIN OF THE TERM EDUCATION

Educare

- to bring up or nourish

Educatium

- teaching

Narrow Meaning

Narrow meaning focuses on

Acquisition of knowledge and degree Training by teachers:

teachers are wells of knowledgeteachers are givers and students are takers

Students needs are not important – guardians of society to decide on the course content – students are passive listeners

Students have to memorize and recite Limited to the time students are in

school/college

Broad Meaning

Educere to draw out or lead

Broad Meaning focuses on

All round development of the child Students are active participants

depending on their needs Life-long activity Teachers are friends, philosophers

and guides

Old tradition: Bipolar process

Recent Tradition: Tripolar Process

fË¡Q£e i¡la£u d¡lZ¡:Old Indian Tradition

Rig Veda

o °h¢cL k¤ N j e Ll¡ q¡a - BaÈ¢eiÑln£m Ll¡l J BaÈL¡je¡ aÉ¡N Ll¡l f¿Û¡ j¡œz

o Education is something which makes man self-reliant and self-less.

Upanishads

¢nr¡ j¡e¤o L pwú¡lj¤š² L l z interested more in the result of education

than its nature. The end product of education is salvation.

Panini

fËL«¢a h¡ f¢l h nl L¡b b L j¡e¤o ü¡i¡¢hLi¡ h k¡ n M, a¡l pj¢ù L hm¡ k¡u ¢nr¡z

Education is the training which one gets from nature

Kannad

¢nr¡l fËL«a a¡vfkÑ qm Hl à¡l¡ j¡e¤ ol BaÈa«¢çl (Self contentment) kb¡bÑ ¢hL¡n pñh quz

Development of self-consciousness.

Yajnavalkya

fËQ£e i¡la£u ¢Q¿¹¡¢hc k¡‘hóÉ h m Re, ¢nr¡ pvQ¢lœ NW el Hhw pj¡S Ef k¡N£ hÉ¡¢š²aÆ NW el pq¡uL L±nmz

Education is the means to the development of character and usefulness in an individual.

Kautilya

L±¢V mÉl j a ¢nr¡ qm cn J k¡¢a L i¡mh¡p¡l fË¢nrZ j¡œz

Education is the training for patriotism.

Shankaracharya

nˆl¡Q¡ kÑl j a, ¢nr¡ qm BaÈ‘¡e h¡ B aÈ¡fm¢ì (self-realization)z

Education as tantamount to self-realization.

Bd¤¢eL i¡la£u d¡lZ¡Modern Indian Tradition

Education according to Indian tradition is initiation into the life of spirit, a training of human souls in pursuit of truth and the practice of virtue. It is a second birth. – Education for liberation.

Swami Vivekananda

Education is the manifestation of perfection that is already in man. We need an education that quickens, that vivifies, that kindles the urge of spirituality.

Sri Aurobindo

Helping the young soul to draw out that is in itself.

M. K. Gandhi

By education I mean an all round drawing of the best in child and man – body, mind and spirit. cq-je J BaÈ¡l p¤¤oj ¢hL¡ nl fËu¡pz

Dr Radhakrishnan Commission (1948):

Education according to Indian tradition, is not merely a means to earning a living nor is it only a nursery of thought or a school for citizenship. It is an institution into the life of spirit, a training of human souls in the pursuit of truth and the practice of virtue. It is a second birth. –‘dvitiyam janma’.

õÌ[ýçWýçEÊõbÕX

i¡la£u pj¡ Sl S£he J je el ¢cL bL ¢h nÔoZ Ll m HC Lb¡C hm a qu, '¢nr¡' Lb¡l fËL«a a¡vfkÑ S£¢hL¡ ASÑ el h¡ e¡N¢lLa¡l fË¢nr Zl Nä£l jd¡H p£j¡hÜ euz '¢nr¡' qm ¢àa£u SeÈz Eæaal S£h e fË h nl fËbj p¡f¡e qm '¢nr¡' z

Western Philosophers

Plato

It (education) develops in the body and soul of the pupil all the beauty and all the perfection he is capable of.

¢nr¡ ¢nöl ¢e Sl rja¡ Ae¤k¡u£ cq j el p¡¢hÑL ¢hL¡n p¡de L lz

Aristotle

Education is the creation of a sound mind in a sound body. It develops man’s faculty, especially his mind, so that he may be able to enjoy the contemplation of supreme truth, goodness and beauty in which perfect happiness essentially consists.

¢nr¡ cq-j el p¤¤oj Hhw f¢lf§ZÑ ¢hL¡ nl j¡dÉ j hÉ¡¢š²aÆ L S£h el fËL«a j¡d¤kÑÉ J Qlj paÉ Efm¢ì a pq¡ua¡ Ll¡z

Thompson

Education is the influence of the environment on the behaviour of thought & attitude.

¢nr¡ hm a Bjl¡ h¤¢T ¢nöl Jfl f¢l h nl fËi¡h, k fËi¡ hl à¡l¡ ¢nöl h¡¢qÉL BQlZ, ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡ Hhw cª¢øi¢‰l ÙÛ¡u£ f¢lhaÑe quz

Adams

Education is a conscious deliberate process in which one personality acts upon another in order to modify the development of the other by the communication and manipulation of knowledge.

¢nr¡ qm p Qae Hhw I¢µRL fË¢œ²u¡, k¡l à¡l¡ HL hÉ¡¢š² AeÉ hÉ¡¢š²l Jfl fli¡h ¢hÙ¹¡l L l, Bl a¡l ¢LR¥ BQl Zl f¢lhaÑe Ll a prj quz

Nunn

Education is the complete development of individuality of the child so that he can make an original contribution to human life according to the best of his capacity.

¢nr¡ hm a Bjl¡ hÉ¡¢š² aÆl f¢lf§ZÑ ¢hL¡n LC h¡T¡Cz HC ¢hL¡ nl  j¡dÉ jC hÉ¡¢š² ¢e Sl rja¡ Ae¤k¡u£ j¡e¤ ol LmÉ¡ Zl f b ¢e S L B u¡¢Sa L lz

John Dewey

Education is the process of living though a continuous reconstruction of experience. It is the development of all those capacities in the individual which will enable him to control his environment and fulfill his possibilities.

A¢i‘a¡l f§ZNÑW¢Z ¢nr¡, f§ZÑ ¢hL¡n hm a pC ph … Zl ¢hL¡n L h¢m k¡l à¡l¡ hÉ¡¢š² a¡l f¢l hn L p¤¤nª´M¢ma L l ¢e Sl pjÙ¹ pñhe¡l ¢hL¡n p¡de Ll a f¡ lz

Redden

Education is the deliberate and systematic influence exerted by the mature person upon the immature, through instruction, discipline and harmonious development of physical, intellectual, aesthetic, social and spiritual powers of human being according to the individual and social needs and directed towards the union of the eudcand with the creator as the final end.

Redden

HC Bd¤¢eL Hhw fËL«a f¢l¢ÙÛ¢al p ‰ i¡la£u Bc nÑl pjeÄu L l hm a f¡¢l, '¢nr¡' qm pj¡ Sl Q¡¢qc¡ Ae¤k¡u£ ¢nöl Jfl f¢lea hÉ¡¢š² cl p¤¤f¢lL¢Òfa fËi¡ hl pj¢ù k¡ p¤¤pj‘p cq j el ¢hL¡ nl j¡dÉ j S£h el flj paÉ L Efm¢ì a pq¡ua¡ L lz