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description
transcript
Programon
Educational Entrepreneurship
Dr. Rajiv Tandon
New Delhi
August 7, 2010
AgendaI. Introduction
• Personal Background
• Global Initiatives in Education Reform
• Scene in India– Core Elements of Opportunity
– Employability Model
– Myriads of Opportunities
• Themes
• Areas
• My Personal Vision– Some Pilots
• Why Entrepreneurship?
II. Entrepreneurial Journey
• Theory of Entrepreneurship– Myths and Facts
– Managing the Environment
– Process of Success Creation
– Key Competencies
• Entrepreneurial Alternatives
• Entrepreneurial Themes
• Who am I?
• My “Preliminary” Plan
Personal Background: Technology Based Opportunities in Education-Training
Year Corporation Enduring Impact
1971-1986 National Car Start & build
1987-2001 University Entrepreneur
1971-1992Control Data Corp
Androgogy
1995-Institute for Advanced Technology Interactivity for Learning
1997-2001 LearningByteLower Cost,SCO
2001- AdayanaScaleVerticals Market focus
2010- Parijaath
ScaleCostEmployability
Global Initiative in Ed Reform
Technology in Classroom: InnovationsLevel Focus Features Examples
Initial Trends
Emerging Trends
U 2.0 Student CentricLower cost and Higher Quality
Western Gov UAshford UUN Open UAcademic Earth
DistanceTimeTravelEmerging examples
Crack ParadoxAssessment based creditsFreeInnovation
Peer Interaction Peer2peer Social Interaction Social Networking
Content IPMITAcademic Earth
Scarcity IP protectionProprietary
Open contentfrom top schoolsAbundant- Free
Customized learning/degree
WGUL.A. CollegeChancellor U
Parochial
Competency-basedMass customizationNovel degreesInter-disciplinary
Skills within Education
Career EducationDeVry, UTI
K12School Specialty
Professional DegreesSkills are for VotechK-12
Skills are essential for employability
Industry Academia connection
GMU Trade Schools Mandatory
66
Technology in Classroom: Trends
Technology is transforming education
• Stable and emerging technologies can:
• Provide Scalability
• Mitigate cost
• Support learning, not the other way around
• Design and facilitate versatility
• Not drastically alter proven instructional methods
• Provide Collaboration between Students and instructors
• Accommodate the needs and preferences of each
• Move from any to all parts of the globe
7
Technologies: for Learning
Learning Content Management Systems
OutStart
Blackboard
MobileLearning
Apple
VCom3DBlackberry
SocialNetworking
mZinga
Ning
Learning Management Systems
Plateau
Learn.com
SumTotal
Meridian
Saba
SynchronousTechnologies
Adobe
Nacon
eSkillz
WebEx
Gaming &Simulation
Realmware
Vcom3D
8 8
Global Opportunities Phenomenal Growth Continues: Global Students (UNESCO),
1970:29 M
2007:153 M while population grew: 200%
“Students online performed better than those receiving face-to-face instruction.” Barbara Means, SRI International for the Department of Education Research from 1996 to 2008
Disruptive Climate: Internet disrupts anything where the core product can be reduced to 1 and 0’s. Education is a perfect spot for creative destruction.
Breakthrough: The game changing breakthroughs will come from China or India. In the case of education it is likely to be India because of its youth density.
99
Scene in India:
Population 1.2 B (<25 yrs: 540 M, increasing) Economic growth of 8-10% p.a. is scraping the bottom for employable youth Government Expenditure on Education: 11th Plan (2007-12) $54 B +400% % of GDP: 11th Plan 6% vs. 3.5% Higher Education: 30%, X8 over 10th plan Colleges: 20,677 Universities: 431 Enrollment: 14 M Graduation: 3.5M/year Gross Enrollment Ratio: 11% (vs. World 23.2%, Developed Countries 54.6%) India 75: Goal by 2022 (75th anniversary of independence)
GER Plan: 21% 1.4 B Workforce, 400 M Graduates
Need for Funding in Higher Education: $50 B, Un-allocated $44 B Present Employment Rate of Graduates: Technical: 25%, Non-tech: 10% Overseas expenditure of Indian Students: $7 B /year 2022: Youth Surplus 56 M, World Deficit 46 M
1010
Opportunity:Scalable, Employability, Almost Free
Employability: Learning is for earning Skills within Education Global Benchmarking Localization for India
Price: Indian affordability Demanding Conditions
Technology : Scale: Solves the Paradox : Higher quality and lower cost Appropriate: Leapfrog Breakthrough: Nano
Focus:
Employability Model
Central
SELECTION
GENERAL
LEARNING
INTERVENTION SORTING
SPECIFIC
LEARNING
INTERVENTION PLACEMENT
1 2 3 4 5 PULL
Threshold assessment
Pre-assessment aptitudePsychometric, domain knowledgewith authentication
Interview
Foundation Skills
Domain Skills
Work Specific Skills
Post-Assessment Induction training Placement
PUSH
CORPORATION
LocalWebworldKiosks
RegionalII tier Univ.Directway
LocalRegionalCentral
Central Authentication
INSTITUTION
12 12
Myriad of Opportunities-1Every Stage of Employability Process
Assessment Interests/Aptitudes lead to Job Fit Very low cost per person Validity
Counseling Without counselors
Foundation skills Scalable Modular Content
Domain specific Certification Industry 101 Industry linked certification Modularity Extendable Advanced Methods
Induction Program
Placement
Repair programs
Solutions to specific situations
Myriad of Opportunities-2Areas of Entrepreneurial Potential
• Educational-Training Institutions• e-Learning
– MNC’s– Corporate, Associations, Government– Localization of Global Modules– Outsourcing of e-Learning development
• Consulting and Research• Curricula
– Design– Development
• B to C– Tutoring– Library Development
• Vocational Training• Technology & Tools
– LMS, LCMS– Gap Technologies
• UN Agencies– Diversity of language, culture & demanding infrastructure– Meet needs of other emerging and developed countries
Vision:India: Centre of Education-Training Transformation
Passion
Tested: Methodology
Experience:Leading &
Emerging
Technologies
Experience: Scale
Experience:Development
Experience:Global
Implementation
Entrepreneurship:Teaching &
Practice
India –Center for
Transformational
Practice
Vision
India presents a unique situation of diversity of language, culture, scale and demanding infrastructure.
Solution developed here will be robust and ready to meet the needs of many other emerging and developed countries.
-Disruptive Technologies
- Emerging global best practices
- Indian affordability & demanding conditions
• The Parijaath Flowers: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, from the wish-granting tree which perfumes the entire universe.
Pilot 1: Employability
WorkSkills Program:
Bridging the gap
Studentsdesperately search for a
job with their
learning
Employers searching for
employable person
Learning is for earning. Employability is the goal.
WSP Program is a short-term 150 Hours course that
transforms graduates into ‘right candidates’.
Baselining
Courses
Exam 1
Domain Courses
Advanced Courses
Exam 2
Certification
Pilot 2: Certificate Programs
Enrolment
Inducement
WorkSkills Program (WSP)
Certification Program (CeP)
18 18
Pilot 3: Action Learning College• Premiere Institute for personnel in Education-Training Industry
• Certificate Curricula:
– Foundation Skills for Life:
– Foundation Courses (BET)• Business curricula: Business models, Global benchmarking
• Education curricula: Emerging Concepts in Education/Training, Content modularity, Delivery methods, Curricula design/new curricula
• Technology curricula: Trends in technology
• Outcomes: – Teachers:
– Service Providers (Trainers, Facilitators, Counselors)
– Specialists
– Curricula Specialist:
– Entrepreneur:
– Others:
MS in Learning Facilitation & Management
Discussion
• There are generations of children whose very lives will be transformed by the moves and actions we take today..
…. and tomorrow
…. and the next day
• Importance of spirit of enterprise and Entrepreneurship for nation, society and you
Our Vantage Point
"There is nothing more powerful than an idea whose time has come.”
Victor Hugo
Everything you Wanted to know about…1. Entrepreneurs are born, not made (T)(F)
2. Entrepreneurship is an are and cannot be taught (T)(F)
3. Entrepreneurs are gamblers. You have to be lucky to succeed (T)(F)
4. Entrepreneurs are independent, loners (T)(F)
5. Starting your own company is risky, hazardous that often ends in failure (T)(F)
6. The key to success is (a) Money, (b) Person, (c) Idea (d) Fit (T)(F)
7. Entrepreneurship is for the young and energetic (T)(F)
8. Entrepreneurs are driven by the desire to make $$$$ (T)(F)
9. Entrepreneurial small companies outperform Fortune 500 (T)(F)
10. Immigrants make a higher percentage of entrepreneurs (T)(F) (T)(F)
11. Entrepreneurship is an unique US phenomenon (T)(F)
12. India is one of the best places for entrepreneurship
The Premise
• Hyper-change
• Status Quo and its implications
• Non-stop Innovation
• Lessons from Recent Innovators
• Is an entirely different model required to lead businesses in the future?
Managing Entrepreneurial Environment
Needs Transformational Leadership– Vision
– Bold Plans
– Decisive
– Prudent Risk Taking
– Plans into Action
– Hardball Decisions
– Substance vs. Style
– Focus on Results
Entrepreneurial Dream
“Dream is not what you see in sleep, Dream is the thing which does not let you sleep”
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
Process of Success Creation
STEP PROBABILITY
1. Person with an idea 1 %
2. Opportunity 5 %
Hurdle 1: Attract Talent
3. Founding Team 10 %
4. Venture Plans 15 %
Hurdle 2: Fatal Flaws?
5. Funding 25 %
Hurdle 3: Initial Sales
6. Beginning Sales 40 %
7. Sales Growth 60 %
Hurdle 4: Transition
8. Initial Success
Entrepreneurial: Key Competencies
I.
OPPORTUNITY
III.
PLANS
& STRATEGY
IV.
RESOURCES
II.
INDIVIDUAL
& TEAM
Growth: Evolution/ Revolution
Entrepreneur, Manager, Inventor
Inventor Entrepreneur
Bureaucrat Manager
Management Skills
Cre
ativ
ity
Similarities to Traditional Management
• Core Skills
• Desired Behavior
• Situational Leadership:
• Achieve specific results:
– Quantitative
– Qualitative
The Difference
• Traditional Management:
– I’ll believe it when I see it.
• Entrepreneurial Management:
– I’ll see it when I believe it.
Entrepreneur: The Leader
• Leadership:
– Doing the right thing
– Effectiveness
• Manager:
– Doing things right
– Efficiency
Insights
• Success :
– Doing a little bit better in a number of things
• Failure :
– Doing any one of a number of things poorly
• Process of Success Creation :
– One by one reduction of areas of risk
Definition(s): Entrepreneur• Wide range of meanings: From High aptitude who pioneers change to anyone who works for
himself, any small business owner
• Origin: French: entreprendre “to undertake”
• Common usage: Anyone who starts a business
• Common Definition: Someone who assumes the financial risk of the initiation, operation and management of a business venture.
• Procedural: An innovator of business enterprise who recognizes opportunities to introduce a new product, a new process or an improved organization, and who raises the necessary money, assembles the factors for production and organizes an operation to exploit the opportunity.
• Joseph Schumpeter: placed an emphasis on Innovation with New Products, New production methods, New Markets, New Forms of Organization
• Our Working Definition (Jeffery Timmons): “Entrepreneurship is the ability to create and build something from practically nothing. It is initiating doing, achieving, and building an enterprise …, sensing an opportunity …and the ability to build a founding team to complement your own skills and talents. It the know-how to find, marshal and control resources. …it is a willingness to take calculated risks, both personal and financial, and then do everything possible to get the odds in your favor.”
Knowledge Elements for an Entrepreneur**Scope
I. Academic Foundation• Business Knowledge
– Management– Sales/ Marketing– Operations– Finance/ Accounting
• Entrepreneurial Process– Team Issues– Opportunity Recognition & Evaluation– Resources: Sources & Acquisition– Plans
II. Domain • Knowledge/Experience
– Customers– Personnel– Key Players
• Critical Gaps• Opportunity Specific Knowledge/Information
III. Personal/ Team Experience• Domain Specific Knowledge/Experience• Coverage of Gaps
– Research Based– Innovative Solutions
Entrepreneurial Alternatives
• HPV
• IRB
• Consulting
• Buy existing company
• Franchisee
• Team Member in new Venture
• Intrapreneur
• Social Entrepreneur
• Services Provider
Domain
• Education/Training
• Finance/Financial Services
• Food & Beverage/Restaurant/Retail
• Health/Medical Services/Med Tech
• IT/Technology
• Internet Related/.com/SAS
• Music /Art/Non-Profit
Franchisor
• Plus– Less Capital
– Rapid Expansion
– Local Strength
• Minus– Long Term Strategy*
– Lack of Control
– Expensive Buy back
* Strategy Alternatives
• Children of Franchisees
• Limited term Franchise
• Own Location
Franchisee• Plus
– Lower Risk
– Fast Build Up
– Known Costs
– Known Formula/Process*
– Spread Cost of Advertising
• Minus– Control over all aspects
– High risk (if new Franchisor)*
– National vs. Local Advertising
* Know the company
Entrepreneurial Alternatives -2
• Participate in an new Venture
• Intrapreneur
• Social Entrepreneur
• Services to an Entrepreneur– Legal
– Accounting
– Consulting
– Investor
– Other
Entrepreneurial Themes• Dedication
– Give up wholly towards a goal or purpose
• Focus– Knows what the central point of attention should be
• Profit Orientation
– Thinks constantly about the benefits of the transaction
• Ego Drive– Craves a significant definition of oneself
• Urgency– Impatient. Do it now
• Courage– Increases determination in the face of resistance
Entrepreneurial Themes-2• Activator
– Can make it happen
• Opportunity– Sees Opportunities where others see blocks
• Creativity– Develops Ideas
• Expertise Orientation– Recognizes needs for people with expertise
• Individual Perception– Can recognize strengths of other individuals
• Team– Get the right people and get them to help you
Thematic Differences
• Successful vs Failed Entrepreneurs
– Little Difference in Themes• Jumped in vs On the side lines
• Entrepreneurs vs Rest
– Differences in Themes
Common Pitfalls• Unplanned Approach to Team formation
– Balance
– Complement Each Other
– Fill Gaps
– Risk Orientation
– Appropriate Themes
– Chemistry
• Leaderless Democracy
• Unaware of Weakness(es)
• Unresolved Contributed Performance
• Tax Consequences
Common Pitfalls- 2• Unresolved Resolution of Dispute Process
• Incomplete Legal Work
– Buy/Sell
– Partnership Agreement
– Non-Compete
– Earn Out Contracts
– Stock Vesting Agreement
– “No fault Divorce”
• No Transition Plans
• Full Time vs Part Time/ Trial
Adaptor-Innovator
• All People are Creative
• Creative Style is independent of Cognitive Level
• Styles are quite Different
• No one Style is better than another
• Each Style has its Advantages and Disadvantages
CharacteristicsAdaptors
• Problems– Accept as defined
– With generally agreed constraints
– Focus on early resolution
• Limit disruption
• Immediate efficiency
• Solution Generation– Few
– Incremental
• Relevant and acceptable
– Aim: Do things better
Innovators• Problems
– Reject general perception
– Redefine them
– View hard to get accross
– Not concerned about efficiency
• Rattle
• Looking for LT gain
• Solution Generation– Numerous
– Seminal
• Unconcerned re: acceptance
– Aim: Do things differently
Characteristics -2Adaptors
• Policies– Prefer
• Well established
• Structured situations
– Incorporate new data or events
• Into existing structure/policies
• Organizational Fit– Essential for Ongoing functions
– Under unexpected change
• Difficulty with moving out of established role
Innovators• Policies
– Prefer
• Unstructured
– Incorporate new data or events
• To set new structures/policies
• Accept greater attendant risk
• Organizational Fit– Essential during change/crisis
– Under Ongoing org demands
• Difficulty in applying themselves
Adaptor-Innovator (contd.)• Both have capacity to solve problems
• Capable of generating original, creative solutions
• But reflect very different approaches
• Collaboration
• Do not readily get along
• Especially extreme scores (Over 1 std.dev. (15))
• Adaptors (see Innovators):
• Unsound, impractical, risky, abrasive, threatening, creating dissonance
• Innovators (see Adaptors):
• Conforming, safe, predictable, inflexible, wedded to the system, intolerant of ambiguity
• Creative Styles
• Adaptive (> B8)
• Bridger (B8 to A8) can form consensus
• Innovative (> A8)
When Persuading Adaptors
• Give details
• Show how the idea builds upon existing structure
• Be well-organized give precise, concise presentation
• Provide checkpoints, evaluation plans
• Gradual/ incremental approach to implementation
• Provide advance information ~ don’t “spring” ideas
• Do your homework, make clear your preparation
• Emphasize orderliness, efficiency, and “fitting in”
When Persuading Innovators• Give the “big picture”
• Show new directions and benefits
• Identify opportunities, , novelty, cutting edge
• Identify future trends/directions
• Provide broad structure, emphasize action possibilities
• Recognize “breakthrough” aspects
• Provide opportunities for continued idea generation
• Relate idea to emerging unique and exciting issues
Communications 101
• Speak the language of the other person
• Impact on
– Communications
– Negotiations
– Conflict Management
– Responding to difficult questions
My “Preliminary” Idea
Getting Started– Sit in a group– Each person gets 1-2 minutes to address “Why I
want to be an Edu-Entrepreneur”? What is my idea?• Domain
• Type of Company
• Distribution
• Team
Etiquette– Listen, ask questions vs. giving advice or “the
answer”– Speak only if you wish; you may pass anytime