Efficacy of Electron Beam Irradiation to Address Emerging ......Exploiting eBeam Technologies for...

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Exploiting eBeam Technologies for Cleaning, Healing, Feeding, and Shaping this World and Beyond…

Efficacy of Electron Beam Irradiation to

Address Emerging Microbial Contaminants

in Water Reuse Programs

Suresh D. Pillai and Bill Batchelor

National Center for Electron Beam Research An IAEA Collaborating Center for Electron Beam Technology

Texas A&M University, USA

The New Paradigms

• Water is a precious commodity

• Waste water treatment plants will become Energy and Resource Recovery Facilities

• Green technologies will predominate

– eBeam, the ultimate green technology

Water is a Precious Commodity

Water Needs in Texas

Examples of Water Reuse

2012 US EPA Water reuse guidelines

Water Reuse Treatment Processes

VISION

Sludge bed on conveyor

ebeam accelerator

Water handling system

Abbreviated Contaminant List of Concern in Texas’ Reclaimed

Water (TWDB, 2015)

Chemical Contaminants Microbial Contaminants

Disinfection by products (bromoform, bromate, chloroform, trihalomethanes)

Cryptosporidium oocysts

Household products and food additives (Bisphenol A, Perflurooctanoic acid, Perfluorooctane sulfonate)

Giardia cysts

Estrogenic compounds (17β-estradiol) Enteric viruses, Norovirus

Total coliforms, E.coli

Bacterial pathogens

eBEAM based inactivation of microbial pathogens and target organisms in effluent

Reduction of Viral Pathogens

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Dose (kGy)

Hepatitis A virus 1402 (HAV)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Dose (kGy)

Murine norovirus -1 (MNV)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Dose (kGy)

Feline calicivirus F9 (FCV)

0 5 10

Dose (kGy)

Rotavirus SA-11 (RV)

Reduction of Bacterial Pathogens

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Dose (kGy)

Salmonella spp.

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8Lo

Dose (kGy)

Shigella spp.

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

Dose (kGy)

Aeromonas spp.

eBeam Pathogen Inactivation in Wastewater

Effluent

Mean D10 Value (kGy)

Log10 Reduction Levels

Pathogen 1 kGy 5 kGy 10 kGy

Bacterial cocktails

Salmonella 0.156 ± 0.03A 5.92 29.62 59.25

Shigella 0.097 ± 0.02B 10.02 50.10 100.20

Aeromonas 0.066 ± 0.01C 15.09 75.45 150.92

Viruses

Hepatitis A Virus 4.386 ± 0.34D 0.23 1.14 2.28

Murine norovirus 3.769 ± 0.19E 0.27 1.33 2.65

Rotavirus 1.449 ± 0.15F 0.69 3.45 6.90

Protozoa

C. parvum 0.032 ± 0.002G 30.96 154.80 309.60

TCEQ Target for Direct Potable Reuse Pathogen Log Reduction

Pathogen TCEQ Target eBeam dose that can achieve TCEQ Target

Viruses 8-log reduction 15 kGy

Cryptosporidium oocysts 5.5 log reduction 2 kGy

Giardia cysts 6 log reduction 2 kGy

Coliform bacteria 9 log reduction 2 kGy

eBeam eliminates toxicity of wastewater

effluent based on V.fischeri test

0 10 15

Dose (kGy)

Toxicity of eBeam processed effluents

Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment

• What will be the reduction in potential infection

risks if eBeam is used for direct potable reuse?

Public Health Risk Reduction by eBeam technology

Pathogen Hypothetical concentration in effluent for reuse

Infection Risks

Without eBeam treatment

With eBeam treatment (5 kGy)

Rotavirus 0.3 log PFU/100 mL

3 out of 10 persons

2 out of 10,000 persons

Shigella spp 5 log MPN/mL 8 out of 10 persons

Less than 6 out of 10 million people

Salmonella spp. 4 log MPN/mL 4 out of 100 persons

Less than 6 out of 10 million people

Take Home Message for eBeam based pathogen

disinfection for water reuse

• 10 kGy eBeam dose will sterilize direct potable reuse water if used in the Advanced Treatment Process

• Green, chemical free technology

– No need to store chlorine, sulfur dioxide or peracetic acid on site

• Cost-Effective technology

Water Reuse Impacts

• New technology to significantly increase effluent reuse without resorting to chemicals

• Eliminates need for ozone, UV, chlorination and possibly membrane filters

• Economic analysis comparable to chemical disinfectants (without having to rely on chemical storage, etc)

• eBeam technology to meet high flow through (> 100 mgd) critically needed – High power linacs needed (> 1MW)

Efficacy of Electron Beam Irradiation to Address Emerging ......Exploiting eBeam Technologies for...

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