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© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
Eficienţa energetică în Centre de Date. Cât de "Green" poate deveni un Centru de Date dacă sunt implementate tehnologiile potrivite?
Setting realistic expectations
Understanding PUE
Best practices for improving PUE
Eduard BodorData Center BDM Central EuropeAPC by Schneider Electric
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
power plant
private industry
power plant
solar, wind
private industry
Power Generation
regenerative/alternative Sources Wind Water Solar Fuel Cell …
fossile and other Sources Coal Gas Nuclear Waste
Today and Tomorrow Yesterday and Today
The easiest way to produce green energy is to save existing energy
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
● Google 1.12
● Microsoft “data lab” 1.24
● Microsoft Generation 4 data centers (PUE target) 1.12
● A veteran designer of large-scale 1.08data centers 1.06 1.046
Lets see how they get there….Lets see how they get there….
Source … PUE reported …
Great- Lets do it!
The PUE derby
Typical data centerExtreme PUE claims
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
● PUE is based on math It is “knowable” using reasonable methods and standardized guidelines
● PUE comparisons are difficult
Valid PUE comparisons are critically dependent on common terminology and assumptions
Five key PUE concepts
● Shared building systems should be included for a real PUEOften overlooked, these need to be fairly allocated to data center operations
● Redundancy worsens PUERedundancy of power and cooling systems (an availability choice you make) reduces PUE because of lowered load across the redundant devices
● Your electric bill and efficiency (PUE) are not the same thing One can get better while the other gets worse, for legitimate design decisions you might make
Compare “apples to apples” and don’t Compare “apples to apples” and don’t overlook hidden electrical lossesoverlook hidden electrical losses
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What are reasonable PUE expectations?
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
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When comparing PUE, always make sure When comparing PUE, always make sure it’s “apples to apples”it’s “apples to apples”
“The devil is in the details”
The simplestory
The WHOLE story
PUE represents how much EXTRA power (“electrical losses”) you consume to power, cool, and and protect the IT load
LOWER is better, 1 is perfect
But to get
you need to ask questions ...
● What is included? (What’s IN, what’s OUT?)
● Annualized average or point-in-time snapshot?
● At what % load? (PUE degrades at lower loading)
● In what geographical location? (e.g., access to “free cooling”)
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
• Choice of geographic location (for free-cooling opportunities)
• An extensive fault-tolerant system architecture (so equipment failure doesn’t matter)
• Nonstandard servers (e.g., NEBS carrier grade) that are more tolerant of Spartan conditions
AND …
• A very large budget to meet green initiatives !
These extreme strategies are rarely suitable or These extreme strategies are rarely suitable or fundable for the typical enterprise data centerfundable for the typical enterprise data center
PUE less than 1.10? Unrealistic for ordinary data centers in ordinary places with ordinary budgetsVery large, purpose built examples may be closing in on impressive PUEs, but they have flexibility and resources you may not have:
No UPS
Little or no power redundancy
“Free cooling” only
No air conditioning fans
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
Moving towards a standardized calculation
● Data center efficiency is an evolving issue and standards are not settled yet
● PUE standards are under development by industry stakeholders
● White Papers discuss ongoing efforts toward standardized calculation of PUE
Standardized calculations ensure Standardized calculations ensure that you are comparing “apples to apples”that you are comparing “apples to apples”
#158 A Standard Method for Calculation of Data Center Efficiency
The industry is making progress …
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
The big question: What’s in, what’s out?
Data centersubsystem
In the PUE formula, is it part of …
IT load?Physical
infrastructure?Not
included?
Cooling tower basin heaters √
Water treatment √
Pipe freeze protection √
Air compressors √
Condensate pumps √Make-up air / fresh air system power √
Unit heaters √
Well pumps √
Cooling subsystems are sometimes forgotten in the PUE calculation
Leaving these out will falsely improve PUELeaving these out will falsely improve PUE
Shared building-wide system power must be prorated for the data center’s share of use
Items often omitted from the PUE calculation
Excerpted from Table 1 in APC White Paper 158
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
PUE vs. the electric bill
Data centerdesign uprade Electric bill PUE
Virtualization / consolidation
BETTER(lower)
Because of optimized use of server capacity
WORSE(higher)
Unless power and cooling are downsized to align
with lower IT load *
Higher server inlet temperature
WORSE(higher)
If increased server fan power exceeds cooling
system savings
BETTER (lower)
Because of higher efficiency of cooling
system
Beware of “Cause and EffectBeware of “Cause and Effect “
Be careful of using PUE as your only metric
APC White paper 118 efficiency effects of virtualization
It may not tell the whole story !
APC White paper 138 efficiency effects of increased inlet temperature
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
How many meters?Cost/benefit tradeoff for data collection
APC White Paper #161 - Allocating data center energy costs and carbon to IT users
Cost / benefitcritical point
Metering for PUE has diminishing returns, Metering for PUE has diminishing returns, but metering has other benefitsbut metering has other benefits
PUE errorSystem cost
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© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
Web-enabled interface
For easy integration with 3rd party web page through application programming
interface (API)
Subsystem energy losses
Insight into energy losses and cost of subsystems, with details of which
subsystem draws the greatest cost
Energy efficiency calculation Current and historical PUE values based
on the current IT load for a fact-based understanding of energy efficiency at the
facility level
Efficiency dashboard
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
Subsystem breakdown of energy cost
Air-c
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UP
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Cost (USD)
© 2009 APC by Schneider ElectricGo
Go to online “live” version of this tool
tools.apc.com
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
2008 20182013
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PUE Where are YOUR data Where are YOUR data centers today?centers today?
worst
best
average
The average will get betterThe average will get better
The worst will get MUCH betterThe worst will get MUCH better
A realistic PUE forecast
2010
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
Drivers of infrastructure efficiency gains
Baseline: Average of existing installed base
Goal: Reduce PUE from 2.13 to 1.39
How to get there: Upgrades to power and cooling infrastructure
Cooling ECONOMIZERS
Convert from ROOM COOLING to dynamic ROW/RACK cooling
RIGHT-SIZING via modular power and cooling
Higher UPS EFFICIENCY
415/240 V TRANSFORMERLESS power distribution (NAM)
DYNAMIC CONTROL OF COOLING PLANT(VFD fans, pumps, chillers)
32% contribution.24 PUE reduction
16% contribution .12 PUE reduction
16% contribution .12 PUE reduction
16% contribution .12 PUE reduction
10% contribution .07 PUE reduction
10% contribution .07 PUE reduction
PUE2.13
1.39
Total pie represents the overall PUE improvement that we are talking about
Each piece is the relative PUE contribution of upgrades that could be made
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
“Hybrid” strategy
• High-density pods
• Low-cost pods
• High-availability pods (i.e. supported by extra redundancy)
Build out in increments (“pods”) targeted on your current IT priorities
Example: 6000 sq ft data center
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
● Understand PUE ● Claims of extremely low PUE are becoming more common, but many are
based on incomplete data and most are not realistic for your data center • Leverage on-line tools to do ROI on efficiency improvements
● What’s In and What’s Out can dramatically effect PUE – always “compare apples to apples”● PUE is not the only metric you should look at – don’t forget the electric bill !
● Choose your PUE measurement strategy● Manual vs. automated● Lower vs. higher accuracy● Subsystem breakdown
● Consider your options for PUE improvement● Close-coupled row-based cooling● High-efficiency scalable power and cooling● Tools for efficiency analysis and capacity management● Scalable/modular growth● Hybrid density data centers
PUE hype vs. realistic expectations
Checklist for joining the PUE conversation with confidence
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric
Questions?
Post-event questions or comments about this presentation? DCSC@APC.com - The Data Center Science Center at APC by Schneider Electric
© 2009 APC by Schneider Electric