Energy Read Ch 9 & 10

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detritusdetritus

EnergyFood chain

E

producer primary secondaryconsumer consumer

Trophic levels

respiration

Photosynthetic food chain

Ecosystems

The pattern of interaction between organisms and their physical environment

EnergyEnergy

MaterialsMaterials

InformationInformation

EnergyEnergy

First energy sources were biomass

• Wood

deforestation

First energy sources were biomass

deforestationdeforestation

First energy sources were biomass

• Wood

• Animal power

First energy sources were biomass

• Wood

• Animal power

• Steam power

Steam Power

Industrial Revolution

First energy sources were biomass

• Wood

• Animal power

• Steam power

• Fossil fuelscoal

Coal formed in the Carboniferous Era

360 to 286 million years ago

Nov 20 - Nov 28

Coal formed in the Carboniferous Era

First energy sources were biomass

• Wood

• Animal power

• Steam power

• Fossil fuelscoaloil

Oil seeps

Oil kerosene

John D. Rockefeller

John D. Rockefeller

Automobile created oil boom

Henry FordHenry Ford

1900: 8,000 U.S. autos

1920: 8,000,000 U.S. autos

Oil pipelines

Regional Total Energy ConsumptionOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development

25 countries

Regional Total Energy Consumption

EE/FSU

Asia

Latin AmericaAfricamid-East

Over half the world’s energy consumption

OECD Energy Consumption

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Oil Coal Renewables

East3-D Column 23-D Column 3

GasNuclear

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

OPECOPEC

Formed 1960

controls 75% of worlds oil reserves

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

OPECOPEC

back to 1990 export levels

Energy Consumption (1998)

Per capita(as tons of oil)

USA 7.86Canada 7.61

Germany 4.11

France 4.05

Japan 3.72

S. America 0.67Africa 0.33

Energy Usage

• Residential and commercial usage

30% of North American energy usage

mostly for air conditioning

refrigeration

space heating

water heating

Energy Usage

• Residential and commercial usage

30% of North American energy usage

but in less developed countries

mostly for cooking

Energy Usage

• Residential and commercial usage

• Industrial Use

~ 30% in U.S.

more efficient in MDC’s

Energy Usage

• Residential and commercial usage

• Industrial Use

• Transportation use

Transportation use

Transportation Energy Use(1998)

Per capita(gigajoules)

USA 106Holland 41

Transportation Energy Use(1998)

Per capita(gigajoules)

USA 106Holland 41

Japan 28

Mexico 17

Zimbabwe 4

India 2

Transportation Energy Use

In U.S.: government subsidies

Although rail & bus transport is twice as energy efficient

for highways & trucking

U.S. autos consume 15% of world oil supply

Transportation Energy Use

U.S. autos consume 15% of world oil supply

The automobiles of the rest of the world consume 7% of world’s oil

Public transportation is more energy efficient