Energy Read Ch 9 & 10

Lec 17 25Feb02

http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ID: eee105Password: prAIRie

Regional Total Energy ConsumptionOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development

25 countries

Regional Total Energy Consumption

EE/FSU

Asia

Latin AmericaAfricamid-East

Over half the world’s energy consumption

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

OPECOPEC

Formed 1960

controls 75% of worlds oil reserves

OPEC meets next on March 15

The new race for oil

the Caspian Sea

Pipelines?

Pipelines?

Energy Consumption (1998)

Per capita(as tons of oil)

USA 7.86Canada 7.61

Germany 4.11

France 4.05

Japan 3.72

S. America 0.67Africa 0.33

Energy Usage

• Residential and commercial usage

30% of North American energy usage

mostly for air conditioning

refrigeration

space heating

water heating

Energy Usage

• Residential and commercial usage

30% of North American energy usage

but in less developed countries

mostly for cooking

Energy Usage

• Residential and commercial usage

• Industrial Use

~ 30% in U.S.

more efficient in MDC’s

Energy Usage

• Residential and commercial usage

• Industrial Use

• Transportation use

Transportation use

Transportation Energy Use(1998)

Per capita(gigajoules)

USA 106Holland 41

Transportation Energy Use(1998)

Per capita(gigajoules)

USA 106Holland 41

Japan 28

Mexico 17

Zimbabwe 4

India 2

Transportation Energy Use

In U.S.: government subsidies

Although rail & bus transport is twice as energy efficient

for highways & trucking

U.S. autos consume 15% of world oil supply

Transportation Energy Use

U.S. autos consume 15% of world oil supply

The automobiles of the rest of the world consume 7% of world’s oil

Public transportation is more energy efficient

Energy Conservation ?

Environmental protection

Security

Economic dependence on OPEC

Hybrid automobiles

60+ mpg

Hybrid automobiles

60+ mpg

Fuel Cells

Hydrogen & oxygen as fuel

Energy Conservation ?

Resources & Reserves

• Resource a naturally occurring substance which potentially can be extracted • Reserves - known deposits which can be extracted now with existing technology under present economic conditions

changes in reportingchanges in reporting

since 1989, reserves constant

new discoveries = consumption

Oil suppliesOil suppliesOil suppliesOil supplies

When will we run out of oil?

• Geologists:

80% of current production from fields

discovered before 1973

When will we run out of oil?

• Geologists:

80% of current production from fields

discovered before 1973

Industrialists: innovative technologies in extraction, production, and usage

peak in 2010

peak 2050 - 2100

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

snow 9 months of yearsnow 9 months of yearsnow 9 months of yearsnow 9 months of year

coastal plaincoastal plain

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

95% probability: 2.03 billion barrels95% probability: 2.03 billion barrels95% probability: 2.03 billion barrels95% probability: 2.03 billion barrelsUSGS:

5% probability: 9.38 billion barrels5% probability: 9.38 billion barrels

3.2 billion barrels = 6 months3.2 billion barrels = 6 months 3.2 billion barrels = 6 months3.2 billion barrels = 6 monthsU.S. oil usageU.S. oil usageU.S. oil usageU.S. oil usage

Oil Use Issues

• Petrochemical industry is the major contributor to air pollution

Every gallon of gasoline burned

releases 20 lbs of CO2

Nitrogen oxides released

cause smog & acid rain