Post on 07-Apr-2019
transcript
April 29, 2
Mr. Rich BVP QualityTurnaSure340 East MLanghorn
Subject: T
Dear Mr.
Pursuant Universityconventioletter reppreparatiowere perf
Backgrou
TurnaSurerecently traditionaprotrusionbetween tis also neeor oversizthe new pwasher, adesign incmoved futhe possihardened“TurnAnu
Objective
The objec
To de
To coharde
Approac
The follow
Engin
2011
Brown, y and Engineee LLC Maple Avenue, PA 19407
Test Results o
Brown:
to the Testy, and Turnonal and “Tuport provideson of specimformed by Mr
und
e sought thedeveloped Dal TurnaSure ns or the “buthe DTI and teded when thzed hole, a haproduct (“Turand the DTI wcorporates a urther from tbility of usin washer. In
ut” DTI in com
es
ctives of this s
termine the p
ompare the ened washers
h
wing approac
neering Res
ering
e, Suite 206
f TurnaSure D
ting Services aSure LLC ornAnut” Dires the detailsens, bolt tighr. Carl Bowma
services of Direct TensioDTI. With trumps” abuttihe nut, as thehe bolt or theardened flat wrnAnut”) incowith one piecelarger circulahe center. Thg “TurnAnutview of the
mparison with
study are:
performance
performances, a DTI and a
h was followe
earch Cent
DTI
Agreement of October 2ect Tension Ins of the teshtening, instruan, Instrumen
ATLSS Enginen Indicator raditional DTng the bolt oe protrusionse nut abuttingwasher is neerporates the e and enablinar extrusion ahis design im” DTI directlyabove, a tes traditional T
of “TurnAnut
e of “TurnAnnut.
ed for fulfillin
er
between AT28, 2010, wndicators (DTts and summumentation, dntation Mana
eering Resea(DTI) “TurnAI, a DTI is por the nut. As are not fullyg the DTI is neded under tDTI directly ung a more effat the abuttinmprovement cy for oversizst program wurnaSure DTI
t” DTI in slip c
nut” DTI wit
ng the objectiv
SougataSenior R Center ffor Larg117 ATLImbt LaBethleh(610) 75email: swww.at
TLSS Engineewe have comTI), and commarizes the data collectioager, and Mr.
arch Center, Anut” and colaced under A hardened fly covered by tnot hardened.the bolt headunder a hardeficient installang face, the pcompared to zed holes witwas devised I.
critical joints
th traditional
ves:
Prepared b
a Roy, Ph.D. Research Scientis
for Advanced Tege Structural SysLSS Drive boratories hem, PA 18015‐458‐5822 Fax (61sor3@lehigh.edutlss.lehigh.edu
ering Researcmpleted testpared their findings. Allon, and other Roger Moye
Lehigh Univeompare its pthe bolt or lat washer is the nut. A har. In addition, d. In contrast ened nut, repation. Since tprotrusions onthe traditionthout the useto assess th
with over siz
l DTI that re
by: Dr. Sougat
st
echnology stems
4729 0) 758‐5902 u
ch Center, Lting of Turnperformance testing inclr support funcr, Technician
ersity for testperformance the nut, wit typically reqrdened flat wfor a short slto traditiona
placing the nuthe nut in then the DTI counal DTI introde of an addihe performan
zed holes;
equires two
ta Roy
Lehigh nasure e. This luding ctions .
ting a with th the quired washer lotted al DTI, ut, the e new uld be duced tional nce of
F436
1. Slip tenewein Appdeterovers
2. Prior newepreloa
3. The scomp
Verificat
Test Proce
Prior to th“TurnAnuthe DTIs. bolt headextensionbolts warecommefive gaps was recorof the DTI
Test Resu
The test rkip for thcorresponabout 5%DTI, howewith an av
Slip Tests
Descriptio
Each test using 7/8 other direensure thsquare sitassembly The speci
Engin
ests of ten (1r “TurnAnut”pendix A3 ofmining slip coized holes an
to the slip tr “TurnAnut”ad in the fully
slip test resupared to asses
ion of Bolt T
edure
he slip tests, ut” DTIs wereSince the hol and the testn rod. All bolts incrementndation for pbetween the rded when thI.
lts
results showehe 7/8 in dianding to threhigher than tever, produceverage of 43.
s
on of Specime
specimen coin diameter ection. The edat they weretting in the tof the platesmens were fa
neering Res
10) each of s” DTI, were cof the AISC Spoefficient of cd 7/8 in diame
ests, three e” DTIs were y tightened st
lts were anass their perfo
Tension
three each o tested in a Se in the testeter surface. Ats were lubrially inspecteproper tensioprotrusions o
he feeler gaug
ed that at refumeter A325 ee refusals wthe nominal yed higher bol9 kip that is a
ens
nsisted of thrbolts. The hodges of all plae in reasonabltest machine,s in the specabricated from
earch Cent
single bolt laonducted. Thpecification focoatings usedeter A325 bo
each of the btested in a tate as per th
lyzed and thrmance.
of the bolts teSkidmore‐Wier was not ovAll bolts were icated and thed by a 0.0oning of the bof the DTI. Thge was refuse
usal the pretebolts. Usingere 40 kip, 4yield load, ant loads correabout 13% hig
ree 4×4×5/8 inoles were driates were sawly full contact, the bottomcimen and thm steel havin
er
p joints, prele tests were or Structural d in bolted joilts.
bolts tensioneSkidmore‐Wie DTIs.
e slip loads
ensioned usinlhelm tester versized, no wtightened byhe tested bo005 in feelebolts was refhe bolt tensioed at a minim
ension in all bg the traditio40 kip and 42nd a coefficienesponding to gher than the
n thick plateslled 1½ in ±w‐cut, or as‐rot over the fay edges of thee general arrg minimum y
loaded using performed foJoints Using ints. The spec
ed using the ilhelm tester
for the two
ng the traditifor verificatio
washer was pry turning the lts were not er gauge (Fiusal of the feon as shown bmum three ga
bolts exceedeonal TurnaSu2.5 kip, with nt of variancethree refusale nominal yiel
with 1 in dia1/16 in from olled. The playing surface.e outer platerangement foyield strength
Prepared b
traditional Tollowing the ASTM A325 cimens were
traditional Tr to determin
series of tes
ional TurnaSuon of bolt terovided betwnuts with a sreused. Theigure 1). Theeler gauge aby the Skidmoaps in betwee
ed the nominure DTI, the an average e (COV) of 3.5ls: 44 kip, 44 ld load, but a
ameter holes,one edge, ante surfaces wAll surfaces wes were minior testing is sh of 36 ksi.
by: Dr. Sougat
TurnaSure DTmethod suggor A490 Bolprovided wit
TurnaSure anne the actua
st specimens
ure and the nnsion indicat
ween the DTI ospud range a tensioning ohe manufactat three out oore‐Wilhelm ten the protru
nal yield load load in the of 40.8 kip t53%. The Turnkip and 43.7 COV of 0.33%
clamped tognd centrally iwere flat enouwere as‐rollemally groundshown in Figu
2
ta Roy
TI and gested lts for th 1 in
nd the al bolt
were
newer ted by or the nd an of the urer’s of the tester usions
of 39 bolts hat is nAnut 75 kip, %.
gether in the ugh to d. For d. The ure 2.
The specemployinga series wnumberedwashers uprovided the oversthe bolt hof extra whex 7/8–9certificateAppendix
Specimen
All bolts wthe platesrestrained
Instrumen
Two Lineameasure touter plareferenceplate surfclamps th
Descriptio
The slip tATLSS EngFigure 4. Tthey werespherical minimumany slack applied aminute. Tmonitored
Data Acqu
The load data fromacquisitioHz was us
Engin
imen series g TurnAnut Dwas identifiedd. In the specunder the nuunder the bosized holes. Inhead. The bolwashers, 4 in UNC, confores for bolts, A.
Assembly
were tightenes and the bod the plates s
ntation
ar Voltage Dithe relative vtes during the frame for thface. In additihat held the LV
on of Slip Test
tests were cogineering ResThe specimene generally phead of the c load of aboin the systemt a rate of 1The test was d continuous
uisition
and the movm the two LVn system. Dased.
neering Res
employing tDTI was denotd by an Arabiccimens of R_Dut with the bolt head. The n the specimts used for thlong bolts werming to ASTnuts, washe
ed by turning olts during tigquare with ea
fferential Travertical displahe slip tests.he LVDTs. Thon, a threadeVDTs in posit
ts
onducted in csearch Centens were placeperpendicularcompression ut 1 kip was m. The displac5 kips per mterminated wly throughou
vement of thVDTs were coata were colle
earch Cent
traditional Tted as T_DTI. c numeral sufDTI series, thebumps facingwashers undens of T_DTIhe T_DTI specere used for tTM A325, anders, traditiona
the nuts withghtening, a jach other. A t
ansformers (Lcement or th. A steel braese brackets ed rod was wion.
compression er, Lehigh Uned centrally or to the base loading machapplied to ecement sensoinute, which when the tott the test on
e loading heollected syncected at 40Hz
er
urnaSure DTEach series cffix (e.g., R_De DTI was prog the nut. Ander the bolt h series, only cimens were the R_DTI sped ASTM A563al TurnaSure
h a spud rangig was devisetypical bolt ti
LVDT) were ue slip displaccket was attwere bolted
welded on eac
at the 600 kiversity. A tyon the base oand the plat
hine was brounsure uniformors were balanresulted in atal slip exceea digital disp
ad of the teshronously byz frequency. A
TI was denotconsisted of 1DTI_5, T_DTI_ovided in betwnother ASTMhead and theone hardene33/4 in long. Tecimens. All b3 Grade DH e DTIs and T
ge and an exteed that held ghtening pro
used, one on ement of thetached to ead to a threadech side of the
kip Satec Unypical specimon the edges otes were in fught into conm sitting of tnced at this ta slip displaceded 0.05 in.lay.
sting machiny a CampbellA digital filte
Prepared b
ted as R_DT10 specimens_7, etc.), and ween two ASTM F436 hardee DTI were pred washer wTo accommobolts and nutsrespectively.TurnAnut DTI
ension rod. Tthe bolt hea
ocedure is sho
each side of e inner plate wach of the oued rod that w inner plate f
iversal Testinmen under sliof the two oufull contact wntact with thethe specimenime. The comcement less tThe load‐slip
e along withl Scientific CRer with a cuto
by: Dr. Sougat
TI, and the . Each specimwas consecuTM F436 hardened washersrovided becauas provided uodate the thics were plain The relevans are provid
o avoid rotatad in positionown in Figure
the specimewith respect tuter plates awas welded tfor attaching
ng Machine ip test is shouter plates, sowith the basee inner plate n, and to elimmpression loathan 0.0015 ip relationship
the displaceR9000 digitaloff frequency
3
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series men of utively dened s was use of under ckness heavy nt test ded in
ion of n and 3.
ns, to to the as the to the wood
in the wn in o that e. The and a
minate d was in per p was
ement l data of 16
Slip Test R
Plots of lAppendix LVDTs ondisplacemchange inwere obssuddenly slip relatiplot.
The slip lomaximumthe meas11.5%. Astester, thgenerally interface
The T_DTaverage ccoefficienhigher slispecimen
Conclusio
Based ontension ausing the preloads; traditionanominal yhigher pre
Trust youadditiona
Sincerely,
Sougata R
Engin
Results
load versus B. The slip w
n either side ment, before an load), whichserved in thewithout any onship was t
oads for the m, minimum aured values. ssuming an ae mean coeffaccepted (o(about 0.3).
TI series specclamping forcnt of slip was ip load for ts employing T
on
the study itnd slip loads.traditional Tand (c)non‐
al TurnaSure yield load, a 1eload may als
u will find thl information
Roy, Ph.D.
neering Res
slip relationswas computedof the spec
a sudden droh indicated slie load‐displacappreciable aken as the s
R_DTI and T_and mean valuThe R_DTI s
average clampficient of slipor published)
cimens exhibice of 43.9 kalso computthe T_DTI spTurnAnut DTI
may be con. The reasonsurnaSure DTI‐concentric cDTI and the
13% higher prso have contr
he study andn.
earch Cent
ship for bothd as the avercimens. Mostp in load andipping of the cement respochange in loaslip load. The
_DTI series spues. Also tabuseries specimping force ofp was comput coefficient
ited a mean ip, as was ded to be abopecimens wasIs, however, e
ncluded that s for the large could be ducontact betwe new Turnareload was deributed to the
d the report
er
h R_DTI and rage of two rt specimens d significant injoint. In a feonse. In a coad. In all casee slip load for
pecimens areulated are theens exhibitedf 40.8 kip, as ted to be aboof friction fo
slip load of etermined bout 0.26 in ths due to theexhibited sign
use of TurnAer variability ie to (a)variabween the DTANut DTI eneveloped in the lesser variab
useful. Plea
T_DTI serierelative displaexhibited a
ncrease in slipw specimensouple of speces, the maximr each specim
e tabulated ine sample stand a mean sliwas determout 0.26. Thisor as‐rolled
22.5 kip withby the Skidmis series of spe higher clamnificantly less
Anut DTIs resin slip loads wbility in slip coTI and the wnsured preloahe bolts with bility in slip lo
se advise if
Prepared b
s specimens acements mesteady incre
p rate (withos, multiple (twcimens the smum load fromen is noted
n Tables 1 andndard deviatip load of 21 ined by the s value is qui(with mill sc
h a COV of 4ore‐Wilhelm pecimens. It mping force s variance in t
sulted in lesswhen the boloefficients; (bwasher (Figurad in the bo the use of Tuoads.
you need a
by: Dr. Sougat
are appendeasured at thease in loadut any apprewo or three) slip rate increom the load v on the respe
d 2 along wition and the Ckip and a COSkidmore‐Wiite consistentcale) steel‐to
4.5%. Assumitester, the is evident thain the boltsthe slip load.
s variability ints were prelob)variability ire 5). While olts exceedinurnaANut DT
ny clarificatio
4
ta Roy
ded in e two with ciable peaks eased versus ective
th the COV of OV of ilhelm t with o‐steel
ng an mean at the s. The
n bolt oaded n bolt both g the I. This
on or
Enginneering Res
Table 1 T
earch Cent
Test Results f
R_DTI_1
R_DTI_2
R_DTI_3
R_DTI_4
R_DTI_5
R_DTI_6
R_DTI_7
R_DTI_8
R_DTI_9
R_DTI_10
Mean
Minimum
Maximum
Std. Dev.
COV
Sam
Specime
ID
er
for Tradition
0
m
m
.
1
mple Statistic
Slip Lo
(kips
en
al TurnaSure
18.6
17.5
22.2
20.9
23.4
19.3
21.6
20.5
25.8
20.2
21.0
17.5
25.8
2.41
11.5%
ad
)
Prepared b
e DTI
by: Dr. Sougat
5
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Enginneering Res
Tabl
earch Cent
e 2 Test Resu
T_DTI_1
T_DTI_2
T_DTI_3
T_DTI_4
T_DTI_5
T_DTI_6
T_DTI_7
T_DTI_8
T_DTI_9
T_DTI_10
Mean
Minimum
Maximum
Std. Dev.
COV
Sam
Specime
ID
er
ults for New T
0
m
m
.
mple Statistic
en Slip Lo
(kips
TurnAnut DT
22.0
23.1
22.5
22.7
21.8
23.6
21.6
20.6
23.4
23.9
22.5
20.6
23.9
1.02
4.5%
ad
)
Prepared b
I
by: Dr. Sougat
6
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Engin
Figure 1 Pein a Skidm
neering Res
eriodic inspemore‐Wilhelm
earch Cent
ction of DTI bm tester
er
by feeler gauge while veri
Prepared b
ifying bolt te
by: Dr. Sougat
nsion
7
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Engin
Figure 2 G
neering Res
eneral arrang
earch Cent
gement of sli
er
ip test
Prepared bby: Dr. Sougat
8
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Engin
Figure 3 Bo
Figure 4 Sl
neering Res
olt tightening
lip testing in
earch Cent
g in plated sp
the universa
er
pecimen asse
l test machin
embly in the j
ne
Prepared b
jig
by: Dr. Sougat
9
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(a)
Engin
Figure 5 CoconcentricDTI is conc
neering Res
omparison ofc with the wacentric
earch Cent
f: (a) Traditioasher and the
er
onal TurnaSure nut; and (b)
(b)
re DTI, where) New TurnAn
Prepared b
e the DTI is nnut DTI, wher
by: Dr. Sougat
ot re the
10
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Engin
Figure A‐1
neering Res
1 Load vs. slip
earch Cent
A
p plot and slip
er
PPENDIX A
p load of speccimen R_DTI_
Prepared b
_1
by: Dr. Sougat
11
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Engin
Figure A‐2
neering Res
2 Load vs. slip
earch Cent
p plot and slip
er
p load of speccimen R_DTI_
Prepared b
_2
by: Dr. Sougat
12
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Engin
Figure A‐3
neering Res
3 Load vs. slip
earch Cent
p plot and slip
er
p load of speccimen R_DTI_
Prepared b
_3
by: Dr. Sougat
13
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Engin
Figure A‐4
neering Res
4 Load vs. slip
earch Cent
p plot and slip
er
p load of speccimen R_DTI_
Prepared b
_4
by: Dr. Sougat
14
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Engin
Figure A‐5
neering Res
5 Load vs. slip
earch Cent
p plot and slip
er
p load of speccimen R_DTI_
Prepared b
_5
by: Dr. Sougat
15
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Engin
Figure A‐6
neering Res
6 Load vs. slip
earch Cent
p plot and slip
er
p load of speccimen R_DTI_
Prepared b
_6
by: Dr. Sougat
16
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Engin
Figure A‐7
neering Res
7 Load vs. slip
earch Cent
p plot and slip
er
p load of speccimen R_DTI_
Prepared b
_7
by: Dr. Sougat
17
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Engin
Figure A‐8
neering Res
8 Load vs. slip
earch Cent
p plot and slip
er
p load of speccimen R_DTI_
Prepared b
_8
by: Dr. Sougat
18
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Engin
Figure A‐9
neering Res
9 Load vs. slip
earch Cent
p plot and slip
er
p load of speccimen R_DTI_
Prepared b
_9
by: Dr. Sougat
19
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Engin
Figure A‐1
neering Res
10 Load vs. sli
earch Cent
ip plot and sl
er
ip load of speecimen R_DT
Prepared b
TI_10
by: Dr. Sougat
20
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Engin
Figure A‐1
neering Res
11 Load vs. sli
earch Cent
ip plot and sl
er
ip load of speecimen T_DT
Prepared b
TI_1
by: Dr. Sougat
21
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Engin
Figure A‐1
neering Res
12 Load vs. sli
earch Cent
ip plot and sl
er
ip load of speecimen T_DT
Prepared b
TI_2
by: Dr. Sougat
22
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Engin
Figure A‐1
neering Res
13 Load vs. sli
earch Cent
ip plot and sl
er
ip load of speecimen T_DT
Prepared b
TI_3
by: Dr. Sougat
23
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Engin
Figure A‐1
neering Res
14 Load vs. sli
earch Cent
ip plot and sl
er
ip load of speecimen T_DT
Prepared b
TI_4
by: Dr. Sougat
24
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Engin
Figure A‐1
neering Res
15 Load vs. sli
earch Cent
ip plot and sl
er
ip load of speecimen T_DT
Prepared b
TI_5
by: Dr. Sougat
25
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Engin
Figure A‐1
neering Res
16 Load vs. sli
earch Cent
ip plot and sl
er
ip load of speecimen T_DT
Prepared b
TI_6
by: Dr. Sougat
26
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Engin
Figure A‐1
neering Res
17 Load vs. sli
earch Cent
ip plot and sl
er
ip load of speecimen T_DT
Prepared b
TI_7
by: Dr. Sougat
27
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Engin
Figure A‐1
neering Res
18 Load vs. sli
earch Cent
ip plot and sl
er
ip load of speecimen T_DT
Prepared b
TI_8
by: Dr. Sougat
28
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Engin
Figure A‐1
neering Res
19 Load vs. sli
earch Cent
ip plot and sl
er
ip load of speecimen T_DT
Prepared b
TI_9
by: Dr. Sougat
29
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Engin
Figure A‐2
neering Res
20 Load vs. sli
earch Cent
ip plot and sl
er
ip load of speecimen T_DT
Prepared b
TI_10
by: Dr. Sougat
30
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