Post on 06-Apr-2018
transcript
8/3/2019 English-Burmese Avian Flu Glossary
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abrasion yGef;yJh'Pf&m
acid tufqpfacute respiratory distress toufSLcufcJjcif;
acute respiratory febrile illness toufSLcufNyD;udk,fylzsm;jcif;
adaptive mutation vdkufavsmnDaxGrsdK;ADZajymif;vJjcif;
admission (e.g., of pateint) aq;HkwufcGihf
adult vlBuD;
aerosol avrIwfAl;
aerozolation avrIwfAl; avoGif;jcif;
agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) at*sDtdkif'D
air conditioning avat;ay;puf
air-flow av0ifavxGufair-purifying respirator avoefYpifxm;aomtoufSLud&d,m
airborne infection avjzihful;pufEkdifaoma&m*g
airborne organic dust avaqmif,ljzefYusJaomZD0trIef
airborne precaution (e.g., the use
of high efficiency masks)
avjzihf ul;pufEkdifaoma&m*gumuG,fjcif;
airborne transmission avjzihful;pufEkdifaom
airtight avvHkaom
alcohol (e.g., as a disinfectant) t&ufjyef
all-in, all-out husbandry t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk bufpHkoHk;oyf
pDrHcefYcGJjcif;altered mental state pdwfrlrrSefjcif;
amantadine (i.e., M2 inhibitor) trefwm'if;
ambulance vlemwif,mOf
ammonia trdk;eD;,m;
anteroom ta&SUcef;
antibody y#dypnf;
antifog (e.g., coating on goggles) taiGUum
antigen y#dZmwf
antigenic shift y#dZmwf ajymif;vJjcif;
antimicrobial agent rdkufc&kwf wdkufypnf;antisepsis (hand hygiene) a&m*gydk;owfaq;
antiviral drug Adkif;&yfydk;udkwdkufaomaq;
antiviral medication Adkif;&yfydk;udkwdkuffaomaq;0g;
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antiviral (noun, e.g., 'stockpiles of
antivirals')
Adkif;&yfydk;wdkufaq;
antiviral prophylaxis Adkif;&yfydk;umuG,faq;
approve twnfjyKonf
apron a&SUzHk;cg;pnf;
Asia tm&S
autopsy tavmif;cGJpdwfjcif;
Avian flu iSufwkyfauG;
Avian influenza iSufwkyfauG;
avian-to-human transmission iSufrSvlodkYa&m*gul;pufjcif;
backyard tdraemufaz;
backyard farm tdrfaemufaz;jcH
backyard flock tdrfarG;wd&pmef
backyard poultry flock tdrfaemufaz;arG;wd&pmef
backyard rural farming aus;vufa'o tdrfaemufaz;jcHpdkufjcif;
bag tdwf
ban ydwfyifonf
barn workers wif;ukyftvkyform;
bathroom a&csdK;cef;
bed tdyf&m
bedside test aq;vufawGUukorI pmar;yGJ
bin yHk;
biohazard ouf&Sdow0grsm;tE&m,fjzpfapEkdifaom
biohazard labelling ouf&Sdow0grsm;tE&m,fjzpfapEkdifaom owday;csuf
biohazard pathology specimen bag ZD0tE&m,fjzpfapEdkifaoma&m*g"gwfcGJppfaq;&ef erlem xnfhtdwf
biohazard specimen bag ZD0tE&m,fjzpfapEdkifaom"gwfcGJppfaq;&ef erlem xnfhtdwf
biosecurity ZD0vHkjcHKa&;
bird iSufbird flu MuufiSufwkyfauG;
bird population iSuftaumifa&
bird virus MuufiSufydk;rTm;rsm;
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bleaching powder tpGef;cRwfaq;
blind (e.g., on a window) cef;qD;? vdkufum/blood aoG;
body bag tavmif;xnfhaomtdwf
body fluid cEmudk,f&Sdt&nf
body substance cEmudk,ftwGif;uvDpm
boot cover zdeyftum
boots bGwfzdeyf
bovine spongiform encephalopathy
(BSE)
EGm;l;a&m*g
Burma jrefrm
cadaver vlaotavmif;
cage avSmiftdrf
caged layer farm MuufavSmifjcH
Cambodia uarm'D,m;
capsule (e.g., of medicine) aq;awmifh
carcass tavmif;
care area (e.g., in health carefacility)
aq;&kHtcef;
case definition a&m*gt"dyg,f
case management: a&m*gpDrHcefYcGJjcif;
cause taMumif;&if;
cause of death aoqHk;&aomtaMumif;&if;
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention a&m*gxdef;csKyfa&;ESihf umuG,fa&;Xmecertify rSefuefaMumif;w&m;0ifazmfjyonf
chain (e.g., of infection
transmission)
tpOftwef;
change room (e.g., to change in or
out of protective clothing)
t0wfvJcef;
checklist aqmif&Guf&efpm&if;
chick mover Muufo,f,mOf
chicken Muuf
chicken farm MuufarG;jrLa&;jcH
chicken shed Muufxm;onfhHk
child uav;
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children uav;rsm;
chlorine uvdk&if;chlorine gas uvdk&if;"gwfaiGU
circulate vSnfhywfonf
citizen EdkifiHom;
classical swine fever (CSF, i.e.,hog cholera)
0uful;pufa&m*g
clean water a&oefY
clean/cleaning oefYpifaom? oefYpifonf/
cleaner (person, e.g., as health care
worker)
oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfol
cleaning equipment oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfpuf
cleaning staff oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfonfh0efxrf;
clinical feature aq;0g;ukorIvufawGY
clinical management (e.g., of apatient)
aq;0g;ukorIpDrHcefYcGJjcif;
clinical sample aq;0g;ukorI vufawGYtwGuf usyef;aumufxm;aompm&if;
clinical specimen aq;0g;ukorI vufawGYtwGufppfaq;&ef erlem
clinical waste aq;0g;ukor IvufawGYrS pGefYypfypnf;
clinical waste bag aq;0g;ukorI vufawGYrSpGefYypfypnf;xnfh&eftdwf
close (e.g., a door) ydwfonf
clothing t0wftpm;
coagulated blood (e.g., of duck as
food)
aoG;cJ
cohort taygif;tazmf? vkyfazmfudkifzuf
cohorting (e.g., sharing of room(s)) pdwfwludk,fwlvkyfaqmifjcif;
collection container odrf;xm;onfh ypnf;rsm;xnfh&efukefaowm
colonise (e.g., patients) tkyfpkzGJYaeonf
comb (of poultry) tarmuf
commercial farm pD;yGm;jzpfpdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;jcHcommercial poultry pD;yGm;jzpfarG;jrLa&;
communicable disease ul;pufa&m*g
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compensate (e.g., farmers for lost
birds)
avsmfaMu;ay;onf
compliance rate vdkufavsmxm;aomEIef;xm;
complication xyfwdk;vmaoma&m*gopf
confirmatory testing twnfjyKEkdifaomprf;oyfjcif;
confirmed case twnfjyKNyD;aoma&m*g
confirmed influenza twnfjyKNyD;aomwkyfauG;
conjunctivitis rsufajr;a&mifa&m*g
contact precaution owdxm;xdawGUjcif;
contact transmission xdawGYjcif;aMumifhul;pufjcif;
contagious tvG,fwulul;pufaom
contagious disease tvG,fwulul;pufaoma&m*g
contain (e.g., of a flu outbreak) xdef;csKyfonf
container ukefaowm
containment (e.g., of a fluoutbreak)
xdef;csKyfjcif;
contaminate npfnrf;oGm;onf
contaminated dust roefYaomzkefrIefY
contaminated linen roefYaompm;yGJcif;? tdyf&mcif;
contaminated litter roefYaomtrdufcGuf
contaminated waste roefYaompGefYypfypnf;
contract poultry grower uefxdkufarG;jrLa&;vkyfol
control measure xdef;odrf;aqmif&Gufcsuf
controlled access (e.g., to a
laboratory)
wm0efrStyr0if&
corrosive pm;wwfaom
cough acsmif;qdk;jcif;
cough etiquette vlMum;wGifowdjyK acsmif;qdk;jcif;
country of manufacture xkwfvkyfonfhEkdifiH
coveralls taycHpufHk0wfpHk
crockery yef;uefcGufa,muf
cross-contamination ydk;rTm;? tqdyfrsm;aMumifh npfnpfjcif;
cull (e.g., of infected birds as acontrol measure)
a&G;owfjcif;
culled poultry a&G;towfcH&aom wd&pmef
culler (i.e., person who culls) a&G;owf&ol
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cultural sensitivity ,Ofaus;rIudktav;xm;jcif;
cup cGufcurtain cef;qD;
cutlery ZGef;? cuf&if;? "m;
daily aeYwkdif;
data tcsuftvuf
database tcsuftvufrsm;
dead ao
death aojcif;
deceased uG,fvGef
deceased patient aoqHk;vlem
decontamination a&'D,dkowd
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direct contact transmission wdkufdkufxdawGUjcif;aMumifhul;pufjcif;
direct patient care wdkufdkufjyKpkukojcif;dirt zkef
discard vTihfypfonf
discharge (e.g., a patient) qif;cGihfjyKonf
disease a&m*g
disease control a&m*gxdef;csKyfjcif;
diseased bird a&m*g&aeaomiSuf
disinfectant ydk;owfaq;
disinfection (i.e., removing micro-organisms without complete
sterilization)
ydk;owfjcif;
disinfection station a&m*gydk;owfa&;pcef;
dispenser (e.g., for alcohol hand-wash)
xkwfay;puf
disposable instrument wcgoHk;ud&d,mwefqmyvm
disposable protective clothing wcgoHk;tumtuG,f0wfHk
disposable towel wcgoHk;rsufESmokwfyk0g
doctor q&m0ef
domestic duck tdrfarG;bJ
domestic fowl tdrfarG;MuufiSuf
domestic population jynfwGif;vlOD;a&
domestic poultry tdrfarG;MuufbJdomesticated bird tdrfbJ
door wHcg;
double bagging tdwfESpfxyfxnhfjcif;
droplet t&nfpufuav;
droplet infection (large droplets
carry the infectious agent (>5m
in diameter)
t&nfpufrSa&m*gul;pufjcif;
droplet precaution (additional to
standard precautions and aredesigned to droplet
t&nfpufudkowdxm;&efowday;jcif;
precautions droppings (e.g., animalwaste)
wd&pmefacs;udkowdxm;jcif;
dry season ajcmufaoGU&moD
dual infection a&m*gESpfrsdK;ul;pufjcif;
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duck bJ
duck farm bJjcHearly warning system BudKwifowday;pepf
economic loss pD;yGm;a&;t&qHk;HI;rI
EDTA tube tD;'DwDat >yef
egg flat MuufOzm
egg production MuufOxkwfvkyfrI
egg production facility MuufOxkwfvkyfEdkifonfhtaqmufttHk
elastomeric full-facepiece
(respirator type)
rsufESmtNynfh tusyfpGyf toufIpuf
elastomeric half-facepiece
(respirator type)
rsufESmw0uf tusyfpGyf toufIpuf
elderly (i.e., persons) vlBuD;olr
electrical equipment vQyfppfypnf;
embalm rykyfrodk;atmifaq;pD&ifonf
emergency measure ta&;ay:aqmif&Gufcsuf
emergency prevention system ta&;ay:umuG,fa&;pepf
endemic tkyfpkvdkufjzpfyGm;avh&Sdaom
entrance 0ifcGihf
environment ywf0ef;usif
environmental cleaning ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;
enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA)
tDvdkifZm
epidemiology ul;pufa&m*g jyefYyGm;jcif;ESihfumuG,fjcif; qkdif&mynm&yf
equipment ud&d,m
eradication tjrpfjzwfokwfoifjcif;
ethics udk,fusihfw&m;
ethyl alcohol tDodkif;t,fudka[m
evidence oufao
excretion usifBuD;usifi,f
expert uRrf;usifolynm&Sif
exposure xdawGUjcif;exposure history xdawGUcJh&aomorkdif;
exposure protocol xdawGUvQifvdkufem&efvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;
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eye infection rsufpda&m*g
eye protection rsufpdudkumuG,fjcif;eyecup goggles aeumavumrsufrSef
face shield rsufrSeftumtuG,f
faeces rpif
family rdom;pk
family cluster (e.g., mother, father,
children)
rdom;pktodkuft0ef;
family member rdom;pk0if
farm pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;jcH
farmed chicken arG;jrLa&;Muuf
farmed duck arG;jrLa&;bJ
fatal aoavmufaom
fatal disease aoavmufaoma&m*g
FBC tube tufzfbDpD >yef
feasible jzpfEkdifaom
feather iSufarG;
fecal-to-oral transmission rpifrSyg;pyfwGif;odkYul;pufjcif;
feed auR;onf
feed (e.g., bird feed) iSufpm
fever tzsm;
Filtering facepiece (respirator type) rsufESmpGyf avppf toufIpuffine droplet nuclei ao;i,faom t&nfMunfpuf\
e,luvd,
first alert yxrowday;jcif;
fit-check (e.g., for tightness ofmask, facepiece to seal)
tHudkufjzpfrjzpfppfaq;jcif;
flames rD;awmuf
flammable rD;avmifvG,faom
flock wd&pmeftkyf
flush (e.g., liquid waste) a&qGJjcif;
follow up/contact tracing (e.g., of
patient information)
qufvufta&;,laqmif&Gufonf
fomalin (as a disinfectant) azmfrvif
Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO)
tpm;tpmESihfpdkufysdK;a&;tzGJY
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food handling tpm;taomufudkifwG,fjcif;
food safety tpm;taomuftE&m,fuif;a&;foot-operated (trash) bin ajcaxmufjzihfESdyfzGihf&aomtrdIufyHk;
forecasting a[mudef;xkwfonf/BudKwifcefYrSef;onf/
fowl plague MuufiSufyvdyfa&m*g
free-ranging jcHravSmifbJMuufarG;onfhpepf
frontline worker a&SUwef;wGiftvkyfvkyfol
full-facepiece respirator toufSLud&d,m
funeral director okb&mZm
funeral home tokbZ&yf
gene swapping rsdK;ADZajymif;vJjcif;genome rsdK;ADZ
geographical spread (e.g.,pandemic)
ae&ma'otvdkuful;pufjyefYyGm;jcif;
gloves vuftdwf
goggles avuma&umrsufrSef
gown 0wfvHk
grace period a&TUqkdif;ay;xm;aomumv
guideline TefMum;csuf
H5 tdwfcsf 5
H5N1 tdwfcsf 5 tef 1
H7 tdwfcsf 7
HA (H1, H2 and H3) tdwfcsf at
half-facepiece respirator toufSLud&d,m
hand deliver vludk,fwkdifydkYay;onf
hand gel vufaq;qD
hand hygiene vufoefY&Sif;a&;
hand washing vufaq;jcif;
hand (washing) basin vufaq;ZvHk
handle/handling udkifwG,fonf? udkifwG,fjcif;
handling of waste pGefYypfypnf;udkifwG,fjcifhandrub (e.g., alcohol-based) vufyGwfowfaq;aMum&ef
health care usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufjcif;
health care facilitiy usef;rma&;apmifha&Smuf&ef
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taqmufttHkypnf;
health care worker usef;rma&;vkyfom;health certificate usef;rma&;taxmuftxm;
health management usef;rma&;pDrHcefhcGJjcif;
healthcare provider usef;rma&; apmifha&SmufrIay;onfhukrPDtzGJU
heat source tylpGrf;tift&if;tjrpf
heat stress tylaMumifhzdpD;rI
heavy duty tMurf;cHaom
helmet OD;xkyftrm
hemagglutinin [Drm*vlwifeif
hemagglutinin (HA) [Drm*vlwifeifhigh pathogenic a&m*gtvGefjzpfyGm;apaom
high-efficiency mask taumif;pm;rsufESmzHk;
high-efficiency particulate air
(HEPA) filter
tdwfcsftD;yDat avppfxkwfud&d,m
high-risk tE&m,frsm;aom
high-risk group (e.g., poultry
cullers for avian flu)
ul;pufEkdifacsrsm;aomtkyfpk
highly pathogenic avian influenza
(HPAI)
tdwfcsfyDattdkif
histoplasmosis [pfwdkyvmrdk;qpf
hock (of poultry) ajcwHaumufauG;hog cholera 0ufumv0rf;a&m*g
home isolation (e.g., of patients) tdrfwGifoD;jcm;xm;jcif;
Hong Kong a[mifaumif
hood acgif;pGyfrsufESmzHk;
horizontal surface (e.g., in hospitalroom)
jyifnDrsufESmjyif
horse jrif;
hospital aq;Hk
hospital waste aq;HkrSpGefYypfypnf;
hospitalization aq;Hkwufjcif;hospitalized aq;Hkwifxm;aom
hot soapy water qyfjymygaoma&aEG;
hot surface ylaomrsufESmjyif
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hot water a&aEG;
human vlhuman case (e.g., instance of of
avian flu)
vlwGifjzpfjcif;
human disease vlwGifjzpfaoma&m*g
human exposure vltcsif;csif;xdawGUqufqHjcif;
human influenza vlwGifjzpfaomwkyfauG;
human population vlOD;a&
human-to-human transmission vlrSvlodkYul;pufjcif;
hygiene wudk,fa&ESihfywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;
hygienic habit wudk,fa&ESihfywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;tavhtusihf
hygienic preparation of thedeceased (e.g., cleaning, tidying
of hair, trimming of nails,
shaving)
tavmif;aq;jcif;
identification (e.g., of a virus) cGJjcm;a&G;xkwfjcif;
illness zsm;emjcif;
immune protection udk,fcHtm;udkumuG,fjcif;
immunity status (e.g., to diseases) cHEkdif&nftajctae
impermeable (e.g., body bag) pdrfhr0ifEkdifaom
implement taumiftxnfazmfonf
inactivate (e.g., a virus withalcohol, chlorine) tm;enf;atmifvkyfonf
inconclusive ra&&maom
incubation period Oazmufaomumv
indirect contact oG,f0dkufNyD;xdawGUjcif;
indirect contact transmission oG,f0dkuf xdawGUjcif;aMumifha&m*gul;jcif;
Indonesia tif'dkeD;&Sm;
infect a&m*gul;pufonf
infected a&m*gul;pufaeaom
infected patient a&m*gydk;ul;pufaeaomvlem
infected poultry a&m*gydk;ul;pufaeaom Muuf? iSuf
infection a&m*gul;pufjcif;
Infection Control a&m*gul;pufjcif;udk xdef;csKyfjcif;
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infection control precaution a&m*gul;pufjcif;udk xdef;csKyf&efowday;jcif;
infection control team a&m*gul;pufjcif;udkxdef;csKyf&eftzGJY
infection hazard a&m*gul;pufjcif;ab;tE&m,f
infectious a&m*gul;pufjyefYyGm;vG,faom
infectious agent a&m*gul;pufapaomypnf;
infectious period a&m*gul;pufEkdifaomumv
infectious waste a&m*gul;pufEkdifaom pGefYypfypnf;
influenza A H5 wkyfauG; at tdwfcsf 5
influenza A H7 wkyfauG; at tdwfcsf 7
influenza A H9 wkyfauG; at tdwfcsf 9
influenza A virus wkyfauG; Adkif;&yfinfluenza strains wkyfauG; rsdK;pdwf
inhale SLoGif;onf
initial screening (e.g., of patients) t&ifyxrtqihfppfaq;rI
intensive care ta&;ay:ukoapmifha&Smufjcif;
intensive care unit ta&;ay:Xme
inter-pandemic influenza vaccine ae&mtESHYul;pufaomwkyfauG;umuG,faq;
interaction tjyeftvSefftusdK;oufa&mufrI
interdependence udkif;uRef;rSDuRef;udkif;rSD
international EdkifiHwuminternational public health tjynfjynfqkdif&mvlxkusef;rma&;
international spread (e.g.,pandemic)
EkdifiHtESHYjzpfyGm;jcif;
intervene Mum;0ifaqmif&Gufonf
intervention Mum;0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;
intestine tl
inuse dilution a&a&mjcif;
iodine compounds (as disinfectant) tkdiftkd'if;"gwfaygif;
isolation area oD;jcm;cGJxm;aomae&m
isolation (e.g., as a control
measure)
oD;jcm;cGJxm;jcif;
isolation (e.g., of a patient) oD;jcm;cGJxm;jcif;
isolation room oD;jcm;tcef;
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isolation unit (e.g., in a hospital) oD;jcm;Xme
isopropyl tdkifqdkydkydkif;Italy tDwvD
Japan *syef
Kazakhstan cgZufpwef
laboratory "mwfcGJcef;
laboratory guidelines "mwfcGJcef;wGif vdkufem&efTefMum;csuf
laboratory test "mwfcGJ prf;oyfjcif;
laboratory testing "mwfcGJ prf;oyfjcif;
laboratory waste "mwfcGJcef; pGefYypfypnf;
laboratory worker "mwfcGJcef; tvkyform;
lack of appetite (e.g., in domesticpoultry as sign of avian flu)
pm;r0ifaom
lack of coordination (e.g., in
domestic poultry as sign of avian
flu)
[efcsufnDatmifrxdef;Ekdifjcif;
lack of energy (e.g., in domesticpoultry as sign of avian flu)
tiftm;r&Sdjcif;
lanunder/laundering avQmfzGwfrD;ylwdkufonf
Laos avmEkdifiH
lapse (e.g., of time) Mumcsdef
large (size) BuD;aom
laundry collection area avQmfzGwf&eft0wftpm;xm;&rnfhae&mlaw enforcement Oya'bufawmfom;
leader acgif;aqmif
leadership acgif;aqmifrIynm
leak (e.g., fluids) ,dkpdrfhonf
leak-proof r,dkpdrfhaom
lessons learned oifcef;pm
lethal infection aoavmufaoma&m*gul;pufrI
license (e.g., a drug) vdkifpif
lid tzHk;
life-threatening touftE&m,f&Sdaomlinen tdyf&mcif; pm;yGJcif;
linen bag tdyf&mcif; pm;yGJcif;xnfhtdwf
liquid bleach tpGef;cRwfaq;&nf
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liquid waste (e.g., urine, faeces) pGefYypft&nf
litre vDwmlive bird touf&SdaomiSuf
live poultry touf&SdaomMuufiSuf
local jynfwGif;? a'ocH
local resource a'ocHt&if;tjrpf
logistics axmufyHhydkYaqmifa&;
long (of time) Mumaom
long-sleeved cuffed gown vuf&Snf0wfHk
low pathogenic a&m*gjzpfyGm;EkdifrIenf;aom
lungs tqkwf
M2 inhibitor (e.g., amantadine,rimantadine)
trf 2 zdEdSyfypnf;
market aps;
mask rsufESmzHk;
masking (e.g., a patient) zHk;xm;jcif;
mathematical modelling jyemudk ocsFmenf;jzihfyHkazmfjcif;
maximize taumif;qHk;toHk;csonf
measles 0ufouf
mechanical vector (e.g., the feet
and bodies of animals for
spreading the disease)
vIyf&Sm;rIESihfqufpyfaoma&m*go,faqmifEkdifonfh ydk;rTm;? wd&pmef
median time ysrf;rQtcsdefmedical advice aq;TefMum;csuf
medical aide (person) aq;vufaxmuf
medical officer aq;rSL;
medication aq;0g;
medium (size) tv,ftvwf
meningitis OD;aESmuftajr;a&mifa&m*g
methylated spirit t&ufjyef
Mexico ruqDudk
micro-organism tPkZD0kyf
microbial load tPkMunfhud&d,mjzihfomjrifEkdifaomydk;rTm;rsm;
migratory bird wae&mrSwae&m ajymif;a&TUaomiSuf
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migratory waterfowl (e.g., wild
ducks)
wae&mrSwae&m ajymif;a&Tuaoma&Muuf
migratory wild bird wae&mrSwae&m ajymif;a&TuaomiSufdkif;
mild (e.g., illness) rjyif;xefaom
mimic wkonf
minimize enf;EkdiforQenf;aponf
Ministry of Health usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme
misshapen egg (e.g., in domesticpoultry as sign of avian flu)
yHko@mefrrSefaomO
mitigate avsmhyg;aponf? oufomaponf
mix a&monf
mixed farming system pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;pepfmobile highcontainment laboratory a&TUajymif;xdef;csKyf"gwfcGJcef;
mode of transmission (e.g., of a
virus)
ul;pufrIenf;vrf;
moisture a&aiGUtpdk"gwf
Mongolia rGef*dk
monitored negative airflow
pressure (i. e., negative pressure
room)
tjrJrjywfapmifhMunfhaeaomav0ifavxGufr&Sdaomzdtm;
monoclonal antibody rdkEdkuvdke,fy#dypnf;
monthly vpOf
mop Murf;wdkuf0wf
mop head Murf;wdkuf0wf
morbidity tedXmHkudkpGJvrf;jcif;? Oyg'gef
mortality taotaysmuf
mortality rate aoaysmufEIef;
mortuary &ifcGJHk tat;wdkuf
mouth yg;pyf
mucous membrane tcRJajr;
multi-age poultry farm t&G,fpHkMuufiSufarG;jrLa&;jcH
multibed room (e.g., in a hospital) ckwiftrsm;BuD;xm;aomtcef;
muscle ache
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NA (N1 and N2) tef at
national EkdifiHESihfqkdifaomnational regulation EkdifiHawmfpnfrsOf;
national regulatory authority EkdifiHawmfpnfurf;xdef;odrf;a&;tzGJY
natural host obm0uyfyg;vufcHaumif
needlestick/sharp injury tcRefjzihfxdk;rdaom'Pf&m
negative pressure zdtm;oknatmufenf;aom
negative pressure room zdtm;oknatmufenf;aomtcef;
Netherlands e,fomvef
network laboratories "mwfcGJcef; uGef&uf
neuraminidase El&mrif;a'hpf
neuraminidase inhibitor El&mrif;a'hpf zdEdSyfypnf;neuraminidase inhibitor (e.g.,
oseltamivir, zanimivir)
El&mrif;a'hpf zdEdSyfypnf;
neuraminidase (NA) El&mrif;a'hpf
neutral detergent tufqpf"mwfr&SdaomtpGef;cRwfaq;
nitrile Edkufx&dkif;
non-critical item ta&;rBuD;aomtcsuf
non-essential furniture ta&;rBuD;aom y&dabm*
non-sterile ydk;rowfxm;aom
noninfected patient a&m*gydk;ul;pufjcif;r&Sdaomvlem
normal linen omrefpm;yGJcif;? tdyf&mcif;normal waste omrefpGefYypfypnf;
nose ESmacgif;
nosocomial spread (e.g., ofdisease)
aq;&HkwGif;a&m*gul;jcif;
notify taMumif;Mum;onf
NPA tubing tefyDat >yefacsmif;
nurse olemjyK
occupational health team vkyfief;cGifESihfqkdifaomusef;rma&;tzGJY
offal uvDpm
onset (e.g., of illness, symptoms) pjzpfjcif;
organic material (e.g., dust,
manure)
ZD0ypnf;
oseltamavir atmtufwmrDAm
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oseltamivir (i.e., neuraminidase
inhibitor)
atmtufwmrDAm
oseltamivir phosphate atmtufwmrDAm azmhpzdwf
outbreak a&m*gjzpfyGm;jcif;
outbreak investigation a&m*gjzpfyGm;jcif;udkpHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;
outside tjyif
overshoes SL;zdeyfay:wGifxyfNyD;pD;&aomzdeyf
paddy field v,fuGif;
paired wGJxm;aom
Pakistan ygupwef
pandemic urmhtESHYEdkifiHtESHYjzpfyGm;aoma&m*g
pandemic virus urmhtESHYEdkifiHtESHYawGY&aomAdkif;&yf
paper mask puLrsufESmzHk;
parent virus yifrAdkif;&yf
particulate respirator toufSLud&d,m
pathogenic a&m*gjzpfyGm;apaom
pathogenic strain a&m*gjzpfyGm;apaomrsdK;pdwf
pathogenicity a&m*gjzpfyGm;EkdifrI
pathology a&m*gaA'
pathology specimen a&m*gppfaq;&eferlem
patient vlem
patient care equipment vlemapmifha&Smuf&efud&d,mpatient contact vlemESihfxdawGUjcif;
peel (e.g., gloves from the hand) cRwfonf
Pennsylvania yifaq;aA;eD;,m;
person to person vlrSvlodkY
person-to-person transmission
(e.g., of a virus)
vlrSvlodkYul;pufjcif;
personal belongings udk,fydkifypnf;yp,
personal hygiene wudk,fa&oefY&Sif;a&;
personal protective equipment
(PPE)
wudk,fa&umuG,f&efypnf;
physical barrier (e.g., curtain orpartition separating hospital
beds)
jcm;xm;jcif;
physiotherapist taMumtqpfukol? tESdyfonf
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pig 0uf
plastic apron yvwfpwpfa&SUzHk;cg;pnf;plastic bag yvwfpwpftdwf
pneumatic tube avxdk;&aom>yef
pneumonia tqkwfa&mifa&m*g
pocket tdwfaxmif
poliomyelitis ydkvD,dk
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yDpDtm
pond (e.g., for fish) a&uefi,f
positive immunofluorescenceantibody (IFA)
tdkiftufzfat
positive viral culture Adkif;&yfarG;jcif;
post mortem tavmif;cGJpdwfppfaq;jcif;
post mortem examination tavmif;cGJpdwfppfaq;jcif;
potential contact xdawGUEdkifacs&Sdjcif;
potentiallyinfectious ul;pufEkdifacs&Sdaom
poultry arG;jrLa&;
poultry barn arG;jrLa&;wif;ukyf
poultry population arG;jrLa&;MuufiSuf ta&twGuf
poultry processing arG;jrLa&;MuufiSuf xkwfvkyfpDrHjyKjyifjcif;
poultry product arG;jrLa&;vkyfief; xGufukef
poultry stock arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;qkdif&m odkavSmifukef
poultry worker arG;jrLa&;vkyfief; vkyfom;
power saw vQyfppfvT
pre-existing (e.g., medicalcondition)
&SdNyD;om;
pre-pandemic ul;pufa&m*gjzpfyGm;rIrwkdifrD
precaution BudKwifowday;jcif;
precautionary measure BudKwifumuG,fjcif;
preparedness BudKwifjyifqifxm;jcif;
preparedness plan (e.g., for
disasters)
BudKwifjyifqifxm;onfhtpDtpOf
prescription medication q&m0efTefMum;onfhaq;0g;
prevent umuG,fonf
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prevention umuG,fjcif;
primary viral pneumonia yxrtqihfAdkif;&yfaMumifhjzpfaomtqkwfa&mifa&m*g
processing plant (e.g., for poultry) xkwfvkyfpDrHjyKjyif&efpufHk
proofread (e.g., of viruses) pmjyifonf
prophylaxis a&m*gumuG,faq;
protective clothing tumtuG,fay;aomt0wftpm;
protective eyewear rsufvHk;tumtuG,f
protective measure tumuG,fay;&efaqmif&Gufcsuf
protocol (e.g., for medical
treatment)
vdkufem&efusihf0wf
psychologist pdwfynm&Sif
public areas trsm;jynfolESifhqkdifaomae&m
public concern trsm;jynfolESifhqkdifaomudp
public health official usef;rma&;0efxrf;
public services (e.g., police, fire
protection)
Xmeqdkif&m
puncture-proof container raygufrjyJEdkifaomtdwf
purple discoloration (e.g., indomestic poultry as sign of avian
flu)
c&rf;a&miftuGuf
quail iHk;
quarantinecGJxm;jcif;
radiographer "mwfrSefdkufol
range (e.g., of time, test results) tydkif;tjcm;
rapid response kwfjcnf;wHkYjyefrI
raw meat tom;pdrf;
reagent "mwfprf;ypnf;
real time csufjcif;
reassess (e.g., pateint's condition) jyefvnfoHk;oyfonf
reassort (e.g., genetic materials) trsdK;jyefcGJjcif;
receiving area (e.g., for patients) vlemvufcH&mae&m
recording sheet (e.g., for patientinformation) vlemrSwfwrf;pm&Guf
reference laboratory &nfTef;"mwfcGJcef;
refrigeration a&cJdkufjcif;
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register (e.g., logbook) pm&if;oGif;onf
reinforce (e.g., standardprecautions) tm;jznfhay;onf
release (e.g., of chlorine gas) vTwfxkwfonf
report tpD&ifcHonf
Republic of Korea udk;&D;,m;
request form awmif;cHyHkpH
resolution (e.g., of a fever) qHk;jzwfcsuf
respirator toufIpuf
respiratory distress toufSL&cufjcif;
respiratory hygiene touSLvrf;aMumif;usef;rmoefYpifa&;
respiratory illness toufSLvrf;aMumif;qkdif&ma&m*g
respiratory secretion (e.g.,
coughing and sneezing)
toufSLvrf;aMumif;rSxGufaomtcRJtusdrsm;
respiratory tract toufSL>yef
rest day (i.e., when retailers should
slaughter all remaining live
poultry on the premises before
designated hours of the days andsuspend their business thereafter
to allow thorough cleaning and
disinfection of the premises)
em;&uf
retailer vufvDukefonfretain/hold xdef;odrf;xm;onf
reusable jyefoHk;&aom
reusable (e.g., gloves) jyefoHk;&aom
reverse transcriptase polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR)
tm&fwD yDpDtm&f
rimantadine &Drefwm'if;
rimantadine (i.e., M2 inhibitor) &Drefwm'if;
ring vaccination umuG,faq;ay;NyD;aomiSuf\ajcaxmufwGif owKuGif;pGyfay;jcif;
risk assessment tE&m,fudkoHk;oyfjcif;
risk communication (e.g., alerting
public to pandemic)
tE&m,fudktaMumif;Mum;jcif;
risk (e.g., of transmission of
infection)
ab;tE&m,f
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risk-prone ab;tE&m,f&Sdaom
rodent udkufjzwfow0grubbish bin trdIufyHk;
rural aus;vuf
Russia k&S
Russian Federation k&Sjynfaxmifpk
safe handling practices tE&m,fuif;atmifudkifwG,fenf;rsm;
safety glasses tE&m,fumuG,f&efrsufrSef
safety goggles tE&m,fumuG,f&efrsufum
safety testing (e.g., of new ofvaccines)
tE&m,fuif;atmifprf;oyfjcif;
saliva wHawG;
sampling erlemaumufjcif;
sanitary oefY&Sif;a&;
sanitary measure usef;rma&;ESihfnDGwfatmifaqmif&Gufcsuf
sanitizer (e.g., soap) oefYpifatmifoHk;onfht&m
scalpel cGJcef;"m;
scarce &Sm;yg;aom
scavenging chicken farming trdIufodkufxJrSaumif;Edk;&m&m&Smpm;wwfaom MuufarG;jrLa&;
scissors uwfaMu;
sea bird yifv,faysmfiSuf
seal tvkHydwf
sealable tvkHydwf Ekdifaom
seasonal epidemic &moDtvdkufa&m*gul;pufjcif;
secondary bacterial pneumonia qihfyGm;bufwD;&D;,m;aMumifhjzpfaomtqkwfa&mifa&m*g
secretions t&nf
segregate (e.g., patients) cGJxm;onf
self-inoculation udk,fwkdifumuG,fjcif;
sensitivity txdrcHEdkifjcif;? odrfarGUEl;nHhrI
sensitivity testing (e.g., for
tolerance to drug treatments)
wHkYjyefEdkifrIprf;oyfjcif;
sentinel chickens (i.e.,
unvaccinated chicken)
apmifhMunfh&efMuuf
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serum aoG;&nfMunf
severe jyif;xefaomsevere acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS)
qm;pfa&m*g
sewer rdvmydkuf
sharps (i.e., sharp implements) tcRef
shed (e.g., of a virus) ta&vJonf
shedding (e.g., virus) ta&vJjcif;
shoe zdeyf
shore bird urf;ajciSuf
short (of time) tcsdefravmuf
shortness of breath toufSLcufcJjcif;
shower (e.g., as a control measure) a&csdK;jcif;
Siberia qdkufab;&D;,m;
sick zsm;em
sign (e.g., of infection) vuPm
signage (e.g., on a door) qdkif;bkwf
simultaneous infection wNydKifwnf;a&m*gul;pufjcif;
single room (e.g., in a hospital) wpfa,mufcef;
single-use gloves wcgoHk;vuftdwf
single-use long sleeved gown wcgoHk;tusvuf&Snf0wfHk
single-use plastic apron wcgoHk;yvwfpwpfa&SUzHk;cg;pnf;slaughter (e.g., animals) om;owfonf
slaughterhouse om;owfHk
small (size) ao;aom
smallholder (e.g., farmer, poultry
sector)
pdkufysdK; arG;jrLa&;twGuf ajrav;wpfuGuf ydkifol? iSm;&rf;ol
sneeze/sneezing ESmacsjcif;
snug (e.g., fitting) tHusaom
soap qyfjym
social disruption (e.g., as caused by
pandemic)
vlrIa&;taESmifht,Suf
sodium hypochlorite qdk'D,rf[dkufydkuvdkdkuf
soft-shelled egg (e.g., in domestic
poultry as sign of avian flu)
tcGHyg;aomO
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soiled linen npfaypGef;xif;aeaomtdyf&mcif;
sore throat vnfacsmif;emjcif;source patient yif&if;vlem
species rsdK;pdwf
species barrier (e.g., transmission
from birds to humans)
rsdK;pdwft[efYtwm;
specificity wdusrI
specimen erlem
specimen bag erlemxnfhtdwf
specimen collection erlemodrf;qnf;jcif;
specimen processing erlemypnf;rsm;udkvkyf&ef&Sdonfhtqifhtwkdif;vkyfaqmifjcif;
sphygmomanometer aoG;aygifcsdefwdkif;ud&d,m
spills-management tzdwftpifxdef;csKyfjcif;
splash/splashing yufzsef;jcif;
sporadic jywfawmif;jywfawmif;
staff 0efxrf;
stamp out (e.g., of infected birds
as a control measure)
okwfoifonf
standard precautions (e.g., for all
patients at all times)
yHkrSefowday;csuf
sterilization. ydk;owfjcif;
sterilizing service department ydk;owfay;aomXmesterilizing service worker ydk;owfay;ol
stethoscope q&m0efem;Muyf
stockpile avSmifxm;aomukefypnf;
stockpile (e.g., of drugs) avSmifxm;aomukefypnf;
stool specimen container "mwfcGJppfaq;&ef rpifxnfhonfhykvif;
strain A (H5N1) tdwfcsf 5 tef 1 trsdK;pdwf
substantial (e.g., contact a patient) tESpfom&&Sdaom
subtype (e.g., of a virus) rsdK;uGJ
sudden death (e.g., in domestic
poultry as sign of avian flu)
kwfw&ufaoqHk;jcif;
suitable oihfawmfaom
supplies axmufyHhrI
support staff 0dkif;0ef;ulnDonfh0efxrf;
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surface coating (i.e., of a virus) tay:,HrStkyfxm;aomtvTm
surface (of an object, etc.) tay:,HrsufESmjyifsurface protein tay:,Hykdwdef;
surgical face mask cGJpdwfq&m0efoHk;ESmacgif;pnf;?rsufESmpnf;
surgical mask ESmacgif;pnf;
surrogate (e.g., bird to incubateeggs of different species)
udk,fpm;
surveillance apmihfMunfhjcif;
susceptibility ul;pufvG,frI
susceptible a&m*gul;pufrIudkcHEkdif&nfr&Sdaom
susceptible patient cHEkdif&nfr&Sdaomvlem
suspect case jzpfEkdifacs&Sdaoma&m*g
swab stick *Grf;zwfygaomtwH
symptom vuPm
symptom (e.g., of infection) a&m*gvuPm
syringe aq;xdk;tyf
table-top exercise (e.g., for disaster
preparedness)
BudKwifaqG;aEG;jyifqifavhusifhjcif;
tablet ausmufpmwkdif
tablet (e.g., of medicine) aq;jym;
tabletop pm;yGJrsufESmjyif
Taiwan wkdif0rftechnology transfer enf;ynmvTJajymif;rI
telecommunications qufoG,fa&;
telephone w,fvDzkef;
terrestrial poultry ukef;aewd&pmefarG;jrLa&;
test result prf;oyfcsuf&v'f
tested negative a&m*gr&Sd
tested positive a&m*g&Sd
Texas wufqufpf
Thailand xdkif;
theatre cap cGJpdwfcef;oHk;OD;xkyftaqmif;
thermometer jy'g;wkdif
threat Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;
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tissue (e.g., to cover nose when
sneezing)
wpf&SL;
tissue (e.g., of the lungs) wpf&SL;
titre wdkifxa&;&Sif; eHygwf
toilet tdrfom
toxic tqdyfjzpfapaom
traditional farming system ormdk;uspdkufysdK;a&;enf;pepf
train &xm;
transboundary animal disease e,fjcm;wd&pmefa&m*g
transboundary zoonotic disease e,fjcm;wd&pmefa&m*g
transmissibility (e.g., of a virus) ul;pufEkdifrI
transmissible ul;pufEkdifaom
transmissible pandemic virus wpfurmvHk; (odkY) wpfEkdifiHvHk;ul;pufEkdifaom Adkif;&yfpf
transmission (e.g., of a virus) ul;pufjcif;
transmission of human influenza vlwGifwkyfauG;ul;pufjcif;
transport (e.g., of a patient) o,f,lydkYaqmifonf
transportation o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;
tray vifyef;
treatment ukocsuf
treatment course, course of
treatment
ukorIqkdif&maq;ywf
triage touf&Sif&ef tvm;tvm&Sdonfhvlemudk OD;pmay;ukojcif;
trigger (e.g., a pandemic) tpysdK;onf
trigger (e.g., for deployment ofassistance)
tpysdK;ay;onf
trivalent (influenza vaccine) x&dkifaA;vifhwkyfauG;umuG,faq;
trolley xa&mfvD
trolley/table vufwGef;pm;yGJ
tuberculosis wDbD
turkey Muufqif
uncomplicated influenza dk;dk;wkyfauG;unconfirmed case twnfrjyK&aoma&m*g
undiluted ra&maom
United States tar&duef
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unreliable pdwfrcs&aom
unsanitary roefY&Sif;aomurban NrdKUjy
urine qD;
urine specimen container aq;ppf&efqD;xnfhonfhykvif;
used ta[mif;
utilities (e.g., supply of water, gas,
electricity)
vQyfppfrD;? a& 0efaqmifrI
vaccination umuG,faq;xdk;jcif;
vector a&m*go,faqmifaomydk;rTm;? wd&pmef
vehicle ,Of
ventilate av0ifavxGufaumif;aponf
veterinarian wd&dpmefaq;ukq&m0ef
veterinary surveillance wd&dpmefa&m*gapmifhMunfhjcif;
Vietnam AD,uferf
vigilance Edk;Edk;Mum;Mum;&Sdjcif;
vinyl yvwfpwpfwrsdK;
viral diagnosis Adkif;&yfaMumihfjzpfaom a&m*g &SmazGjcif;
viral disease Adkif;&yfaMumifhjzpfaom a&m*g
viral pneumonia Adkif;&yfaMumifhjzpfaomtqkwfa&mifa&m*g
virus a&m*gydk;rTm;
visitor {nfhonf
visor rsufESmum
vulnerable aysmhuGuf? tm;enf;csuf&Sdaom
ward (e.g., in a hospital) vlemaqmif
warehousing ukefypnf;rsm;odkavSmifjcif;
wash avQmfzGwfaq;aMumonf
waste bag trdIuftdwf
waste disposal pGefYypfypnf;pGefYypfjcif;
waste disposal bag pGefYypfypnf;ypf&eftdwf
waste tray (e.g., under a bird cage) pGefYypfypnf;ypf&efAef;water pitcher a&u&m;
water supply (e.g., supply of
drinking water)
a&avSmifa&a0pepf
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waterfowl a&Muuf
waterless antiseptic agent a&rygaoma&m*gydk;owfaq;ypnf;wattle (of poultry) MuufqifuJhodkYaomiSufrsdK;\vnfysOf;
wear 0wfqifonf
weekly tywfpOf
wet market (place either fixed ortemporary, where members of
the public go to buy small
animals and birds that are: (a)live and slaughtered there, (b)
live and taken home to be
slaughtered, or (c) already
slaughtered and sold as meat.)
om;ig;aps;
wet season rdk;&moDwhale a0vig;
WHO urmusef;rma&;tzGJYcsKyf
WHO Global Outbreak Alert andResponse Network (GOARN)
urmay:wGif a&m*gjzpfyGm;jcif;udkowday;a&;ESihf umuG,fukoa&;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;
wholesale market vufum;aps;
wild bird iSufdkif;
wild duck bJdkif;
wipes okwfypfjcif;
working group tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJYWorld Organisation for Animal
Health (OIE)
urmhwd&pmefrsm;usef;rma&;tzGJY
yearly ESpfpOf
yellow fever ief;0gtzsm;a&m*g
zanimivir (i.e., neuraminidase
inhibitor)
ZefeDrDAm