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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 1 -
English Grammar for
Tenth Class
By student
Jaeger Khorsheed
With Help
Mehvan teacher
This gift quires for all students
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 2 -
How Many:
How many + (pl.n.) + are there + complement?
- How many pupils are there in class H?
- How many desks are there in the class?
When:
- When did he go to school?
Where:
- Where do you live?
What:
- What's your name?
Who:
- Who are you?
Advising:
S. + + base + complement
Example: I have got a headache.
- You should go to the hospital.
- You need to take medicine.
Should
Need to
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 3 -
Suggestion:
Let's + base + complement
- Let's go to the supermarket.
Maybe + sub + can + base + complement
- Maybe we can meet at night.
Refuse:
- Sorry I can't.
- I am afraid, I can't.
Accepting:
- Yes. That's fine.
- Fine. No problem.
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 4 -
Present Continuous:
S. + + (V.ing) + complement
- We are playing football.
S. + + not + (V.ing) + complement
- We are not playing football.
+ sub + (V.ing) + complement
- Are we playing football?
How, at the moment
Present Simple:
+ (V.s) + complement
- Sara plays basketball.
Is
Am
are
Is
Am
are
Is
Am
are
He
She
It
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 5 -
+ base + complement
- We play basketball.
Negative:
doesn'the,she,it
don'tI,we,they,you
do,doesbase
- They don't cut trees.
- She doesn't finish all the work.
Questions:
Does + + base + complement?
Do + + base + complement?
- Does he finish his homework?
- Do they finish their work?
They
We
You
I
He
She
It
They
We
You
I
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 6 -
Adverbs Of Frequency:
(always, usually, often, sometimes, never)
S. + V.be + adv. Of frequency + adj
- It is sometimes hot.
S. + adv. Of frequency + (verb)
- I never smoke.
Past Simple:
S. + (V.be) + complement
- We were in the class.
- My brother was a player.
Negative:
- He wasn't a student.
Question:
- Was he a student?
- Were they student? Answer/ yes – no
- Where were they student? Answer/ they were student at...
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 7 -
Past Simple With Main:
S. + + complement
- They played very well last night.
- 2009-yesterday-ago-last
Negative:
S. + didn't + base
dign't
- They didn't play very well last night.
Used To:
We should use after (to) + inff…
- He used to listen the stories on the radio.
- They used to eat an apple at night.
V.in past
V.ed
Irregular V.
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 8 -
/t/
sh-ch-k-pth
ed/t/
Stopped – Parked – Watched – Asked – Looked – Talked
/id/
ed/id/eddt
Started – Ended – Wanted
/d/
/d/Scored
Reflex Pronouns:
I >>>>> myself
You >>>>> yourself
He >>>>> himself
She >>>>> herself
We >>>>> ourselves
They >>>>> themselves
You >>>>> yourselves
Examples:
- He hurt himself.
- They burnt themselves.
- Stop, Lily, or you are going to fall and hurt yourself!
- Stop, Tom, or you are going to crash and hurt
yourself!
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 9 -
Past Continuous:
S. + + base + ing + object
- We were playing football.
- He was playing football.
Negative:
S. + + not + base + ing + object
- We weren't playing football.
- He wasn't playing football.
Question:
+ s. + base + ing + object ?
- Were you playing football.
- Was he playing football.
Was
Were
Was
Were
Was
Were
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 10 -
Past Continuous + Past Simple:
While + past continuous + past simple
Past simple + while + past continuous
Example:
- While we were playing football, it started to rain.
- It started to rain while we were playing football.
- While I was going to school, the lesson started.
- The lesson started while I was going to school.
When + past simple + past simple
Past simple + when + past simple
When + past simple + past continuous
Example:
- When he arrived, he had a dinner.
- We had dinner when he arrived.
- When he arrived, we were having dinner.
Adjective And Adverbs:
Example:
- He is a careful driver. (adj)
- He drives carefully. (adv)
- She is a fast runner. (adj)
- She can run fast. (adv)
- Your English is good. (adj)
- You speak English well. (adv)
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 11 -
Quantifiers:
(Some, much, many, a little, a few, a lot of)
Some:
-
- We bought some bottles of cola.
- Could you give me some bottles of cola, please?
- Would you like some sugar?
Any:
-
- Do you have any questions?
- No, we don't have any questions.
Much:
-
- How much money did you spend?
- I didn't spend much money.
Many:
-
- Have you got many apples?
- We haven't got many apples.
A little:
-
- I like a little water in my juice.
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 12 -
A few:
-
- Ew only need a few oranges.
A lot of:
-
- A lot of people drive very fast.
- We bought a lot of rice.
(a/an, some, the or (-) zero article)
a/an: indefinite article
- I had a sandwich and an apple for lunch.
The: definite article
- The sandwich wasn't very good, but the apple was nice.
Some: quantifiers
- We need some cola.
(-): zero article
- I love (-) bananas.
- a/an
- the
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 13 -
- some
- zero article
Too, Either:
>>>>> I really like meat
- Agree >>>>> I lover meat too.
- Disagree >>>>> I can’t stand meats.
>>>>> I don't like meat.
- Agree >>>>> I love meat.
- Disagree >>>>> I can't stand meat, either.
- too
- either
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 14 -
Relative Clauses With who, which and that:
Example:
- A dictionary is book which/that gives you the meaning of
words.
- Alexander bell was the man who/that invented the telephone.
He looked like a lot of young people, the people come to see
me. (relative clauses)
- He looked like a lot of young people who/that come to see
me.
These groups give the 50 nutrients, we need the nutrients.
- These groups give the 50 nutrients which/that we need.
Present Perfect:
S. + + (yet, so far, already, nearly, just) + p.p
Already:
-
- He has already arrived.
- Have you already arrived?
Nearly:
-
- She has nearly finished her work.
- Have you nearly finished your work?
Have
Has
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 15 -
Just:
-
- I have just opened the door.
- Has she just finished her work?
Yet:
-
- Have you found a job yet?
- No, I haven't found a job yet.
So far:
-
- They haven't had problem so far.
- How long you lived in Duhok so far?
yet,so far
-
- havehas yet
- how longhow muchhow far
so far
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 16 -
Past Simple Tense:
S. + past verb + complement
- She passed her examination.
Negative:
S. + did not + base + complement
- She didn't pass her examination.
Questions:
Did + S. + base + complement?
- Did she pass her examination?
Past Simple With (be):
S. + + complement.
- The weather was nice yesterday.
Negative:
S. + + not + complement.
- The weather wasn't nice yesterday.
Questions:
+ S. + complement?
- Was the weather nice yesterday?
yesterday, last, ago, 1996
Was
Were
Was
Were
Was
Were
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 17 -
Since, For:
For: Since:
- 20 minutes - 3:00 o'clock
- 3 hours - 3rd April
- 4 days - Sunday
- 5 weeks - 2000
- 6 months - last (week)
- 2 years - Christmas
- Along time - lunch time
- Ages - they were at school
Examples:
- He has not seen his friend for 5 days.
- He has not seen his friend since last week.
Comparative And Superlative:
One syllable:
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Warm warmer the warmest
Thin thinner the thinnest
Big bigger the biggest
Hot hotter the hottest
Heavy heavier the heaviest
Lucky luckier the luckiest
Pretty prettier the prettiest
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 18 -
Two syllable:
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
Expensive less expensive the least expensive
Irregular:
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Good better the best
Bad worse the worst
Far farther the farthest
Too ____, (not) ____ Enough:
Too + adjective, (not) adjective enough.
- The water was too dirty to swimming,
- The water was (not) clean enough to swimming.
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 19 -
Comparative Adverbs of Manner:
- Beth dresses more smartly than Sara.
- Sara dresses less smartly than Beth.
- Haval drives more slowly than Ben.
- Ben drives faster than Haval.
- fastfaster
faster
- faster
drives
Adjective Comparative Adverb Comparative
Warm warmer warmly more warmly
Big bigger bigly more bigly
Thin thinner thinly more thinly
Adjective Comparative Adverb Comparative
Beautiful more beautiful more beautiful more beautiful
Good better well better
Far farther far farther
Comparison With: as_____ as or (not) as_____ as
As (not) + Adj - Adv + as
- Ben is as tall as Haval.
- Marks shoes aren't as expensive as Tom's.
- tall, expensivebe
- Emma dresses as smartly as Bahar.
- John doesn't drive as carefully as his brother.
- smartly, carefully
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 20 -
Open Conditional:
+ Present Simple, Present Simple.
(S.+ Verb(s)+Com…)
(S.+ don’t – doesn't + base)
S. + Verb(be) + com…)
Present Simple + + Present Simple.
- If/When mum is very tired, I make dinner for the family.
- I make dinner for the family, if/when mum is very tired.
First Conditional:
+ Present Simple, Future with (will)
(S. + will + base)
Future with will + + Present Simple.
- If it rains, we will not go to picnic.
- We will not go to picnic, if it rains.
- When I am ready, I will call you.
- I will call you, when I am ready.
Second Conditional:
If + Past Simple, S. + + base
(S. + v.ed + com…)
(S. + didn't + base + com…)
(S. + verb(be) + com…)
- If I won a car, I would learn to drive.
- If the book wont so expensive, I might buy it.
If
When
If
When
If
When
If
When
Would
Would
probably
Might
Could
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 21 -
Reported (indirect) Statement: 2 and 2
Direct Indirect
Present Simple Past Simple
Present Continuous Past Continuous
I She, He
We They
My Her, His
Our Their
(Name) said (that) or (Name) told me (that)
Q/ change this direct statement into indirect statement?
- "My parents are very well" Ben said
A/ indirect statement
- Ben said (that) his parents were very well.
Direct - "I am interested in football" Haval told me.
Indirect - Haval told me (that) he was interested in football.
-
that
(name) said (that)
(name) told me (that)
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 22 -
Reported Requests:
S. + + object + to infinitive
- "Can you show me the way to Duhok?" Mark asked Pedro.
Mark asked Pedro to show him the way to Duhok.
- "Could you open the window, please?" Ben asked his friend.
Ben asked his friend to open the window.
- can, could, please,
would
Reported Order (commands):
S. + told + object + (not) + to infinitive
- "Stay in bed for a few days" the doctor told Haval.
The doctor told Haval to stay in bed for a few days.
- "Don't shout" Ben told Mark.
Ben told Mark not to shout
Asked
Wanted
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 23 -
Present and Past Passive:
Present Passive: Past Passive:
O. + + p.p O. + + p.p
- Somebody cleans this classroom every day. (active)
This classroom is cleaned every day. (passive)
- Somebody cleaned this class room yesterday. (active)
This classroom was cleaned yesterday. (passive)
Passive by agent:
- Coaches train members. (active)
Members are trained by coaches. (passive)
- Millions of people watched the program. (active)
The program was watched by millions of people. (passive)
Is
Am
Are
Was
Were
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English Grammar For Tenth Class - 24 -
English Grammar for Tenth
Class
By student
Jaeger Khorsheed
With Help
Mehvan teacher Special thanks… Special thanks for my teacher Mehvan. And thanks for all my friends for respect for me.
THE END
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