Enhancing benefits from aquatic

ecosystems: Nakambe sub-basin

Case study

F. Gichuki and D. Coulibaly

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

BFP Fisheries Workshop

February 6-7, 2008

• Introduction

• Basin system, sub-systems and their interactions

• Nakambe basin overview

• External drivers

• Basin changes and impacts on aquatic ecosystems and

livelihoods

• Analytical tools

• Management interventions

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Presentation Outline

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Basin system and sub-systems

Ecosystem goods and services

Inputs and managem

ent controls

Inputs and managem

ent controls

Ecosystem goods and services

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Basin processes, aquatic ecosystems and livelihoods

Aquatic ecosystems

goods and services and

their livelihood outcomes

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Integrated basin management

Erosion

Water and other

material flows

Effects on livelihoods & ConservationSource: MEA, 2005

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Water cycle and ecosystemsDirect impacts on the

atmospheric ecosystem

Indirect impacts on

terrestrial ecosystems

Terrestr ial

ecosystems

Aquatic ecosystemsCoastal marine

ecosystems

Direct impacts on

terrestrial ecosystem

Indirect impacts on aquatic

ecosystem

Direct impacts on aquatic ecosystems

Indirect impacts on terrestrial ecosystem

Indirect impacts on coastal marine

ecosystem

Direct impacts on coastal marine

ecosystem

Indirect impacts

on aquatic

ecosystem

Indirect impacts on atmospheric

ecosystem

“blue” water

“green” water

Indirect impacts on

marine ecosystems

Indirect impacts on

aquatic ecosystems

indirect impacts on

atmospheric ecosystem

(through evapo-

transpiration cycle)

Subterranean ecosys tems

Direct impacts on subterranean ecosystems

Indirect impacts

on terrestrial ecosystems

Indirect impacts on aquatic ecosystems

Indirect impacts

on coastal marine ecosystems

Atmospheric ecosystems

Indirect impacts

on subterranean ecosystems

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Basin overview

Ouahigouya

0

50

100

150

200

250

Ouagadougou

050100150200250

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

DecemberPo

050100150200250

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

•Area – 40,836 km2

•climate – Unimodal rainfall

•Landform – Gentle slope

• Rainfall variability

• Demand for aquatic good and services

– Population growth

– Urbanization

– Increase in fish consumption

• Trade

– Local, national and international

• Contribution of basin to national economy

– Population, agriculture, hydropower and industry

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

External drivers of change

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

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2000 2001

2002

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2004

2005

-2,5

-2,0

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

• Land use change

• Water storage

• Hydrology

• Aquatic ecosystems

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Basin change and their impacts

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Basin change and their impacts

555862414345

Wastewater

lagoons

18002240330089015002300

Irrigation canals

and fields

21500248003800095001780025000Reservoirs

130024504150180026504400

Lakes and

seasonal

swamps

123215380150275380

Rivers and

floodplains

12 months8 months4 months12 months8 months4 months

Type of aquatic

ecosystem

20051990

Area in hectares

•Aquatic ecosystems

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Basin change and their impacts•Increased number of

small reservoirs

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Basin change and their impacts•Longitudinal analysis

of small reservoir

• Mapping aquatic ecosystems and assessing water

storage dynamics

• Modelling hydrologic impacts (SWAT)

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Analytical tools

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Management Interventions

Highly sustainableCan be sustainable if developed

under a proper legal

framework

Management generally not

sustainable outside of a project

context.

Benefits distributed according

to family norms

Benefits more equitably

distributed among stakeholders

Inequitable distribution of

benefits among stakeholders

Impacts of investments obvious

to owners

Impacts of investments are

relatively easy to monitor

Impact of investments in

management are difficult to

monitor

Access rights are normally

exclusive to the family group

Exclusive access can be

organized

Difficult to obtain exclusive

access for local management

entities.

Distribution of benefits

regulated locally through

traditional mechanisms

Local management is possible

in cases where legal framework

exists

People view management as the

business of the government

Management & ownership by

one (extended) family group

Management & ownership by

only one village

Management & ownership by

more than one village

Small (1-5 ha)Medium (5-20 ha)Large (20-700 ha)

Management issues for a range of small water bodies

in Burkina Faso (de Graaf & Waltermath 2003).

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

Enabling conditions

Stakeholders commitment, management capacity enhanced, cost and benefit sharing

Behavioral change of actors and their institutions to enhance productivity, achieve pro-poor

growth and protect the environment equitably and sustainably

Management Interventions

Thanking you for your attention

Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being