Enlightenment and Revolution 1680-1840

The Enlightenment

French Revolution

Napoleonic Europe

Background to the French Revolution

• As people became more self aware and thought of new ideas, they were less willing to be subjected and wanted to have more equality and say in the government that ruled them. All of these things in hand led to the French Revolution. The French Revolution led to the American Revolution and the rest is history.

Estates of France

Three levels of people organized divinely

6-10% 20-25% 70-75%

Percentage of Land owned by each group

Philosphes

• The leading intellectual figures of the enlightenment in France.

• All accepted the scientific method and wanted things to be proven to them before accepting them.

• You will be doing a project on the key characters of the Enlightenment.

The Economy

• Physiocrats worked on the science of economics.

• Pushed for more freedom of trade and completion.

• Key people were Adam Smith-An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of the World

The Salon

• Women participated by organizing a group to talk about new ideas.

• Participants were invited on basis of accomplishments not social status.

• Different ideas of women’s role- some thought women were complementary to men and vice versa, while others though men and women should exist in two different spheres.

Enlightened Despotism

• Rulers believed they should foster prosperity and social progress.

• Some ways they did this was

• Common law code for the country

• Bringing Religious institutions under stricter royal control

• Strengthen the economy

The Fine Arts- Rococo

A style of

architecture and decoration,

originating in France about

1720, evolved from Baroque

types and distinguished by its

elegant refinement in using

different materials for a

delicate overall effect and by

its ornament of

shell work and foliage.

Rococo

Fine Arts- Neoclassicism

• Many of the French caught 'Roman Fever' after the excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum in 1738. This, along with a general rejection of the frilly Rococo style, persuaded the French to create cleaner, simpler paintings with no visible brushstrokes and a rational, morally-uplifting tone.

Fine Arts- Music

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMjQygwPI1c&feature=related

Franz Joseph Haydn

http://www.youtube.

com/watch?v=7bFC

5EaOsUI

Classical Music sought to incorporate the values of

Classicism- order, harmony, stability, and symmetry.

Mozart Read page 157

• The Magic Flute

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=463jDvbw3LQ&feature=related

Rules of History

• The way history was thought of changed. It was seen as something to be studied and learned from.

• Edward Gibbon was the foremost “expert” in this field and wrote the The Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire.