Post on 23-Jun-2015
transcript
EOC REVIEWENGLISH I
Mrs. Janicki
Central Academy of Technology and Arts
CONFLICT:struggle between character and
opposing force
• Internal conflict– Man vs. man
• External conflicts– Man vs. man– Man vs. environment– Man vs. nature– Man vs. machine– Man vs. supernatural
CHARACTERIZATION:how writers reveal the traits of the
character to the reader
• Character’s thoughts and feelings
• Character’s words and actions
• Character’s description- by narrator
• Thoughts/words/actions of other characters
POINT OF VIEW
• First person- “I”
• Third person- “he/she” narrator tells what happens
• Omniscient- narrator knows everything about all characters- thoughts/feelings
• Limited omniscient- narrator knows everything about ONE character
AUTHOR’S PURPOSE:reason the author writes
• To inform- (nonfiction, presents info)
• To persuade- (issues, editorials, “you should…I”)
• To entertain- (tells story)
AUTHOR’S CRAFT:own style of writing
• Diction= word choice– Depends on topic and format
• Formal to informal• Repetition to create emphasis• Descriptive to add to mood
LITERARY DEVICES
• ALLUSION- reference to a person, place, event from history, literature, religion, mythology, politics, sports, science, or pop culture
• SYMBOL- an object, event, person or animal that represents something else more meaningful
IRONY:contrast between expectation and
reality• Verbal: contrast between what is said and
what is meant
• Situational: contrast between what is expected to happen and what happens
• Dramatic: contrast between what a character thinks is true and what the audience knows to be true
THEME:special insight about life / message• Bravery is courage in the face of danger
• Loyalty means being faithful
• Friendship often involves valuing a relationship over personal gain
• Lonelines often involves the pains related to being on one’s own
• Love is blind
MOOD AND TONE
MOOD = FEELING
Agitation, anxiety, excitement,
Depression,
TONE = APPROACH author takes to create mood
• How does the author want you to feel? Tone triggers your reaction
• Tones:
tense, light, dark, mysterious, somber, sad, angry, exciting, serious
Poetic Devices
ALLITERATION- repeating same initial sound in two or more words in a row– Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled...
PERSONIFICATION- giving humanlike qualities to something that is not human
- The stars danced across the sky
SIMILE- comparison of two unlike things using like or as
- She was as pretty as a daisy
Poetic devices (con’t)
METAPHOR- comparison between unlike things (NO like or as)
-love is a rose
HYPERBOLE- an exaggeration
- I nearly died laughing
IMAGERY- language that appeals to the five senses
POETRY TERMS
• Stanza- groups of lines that break up a poem (like paragraphs break up stories)
• Speaker- the persona or narrator of poem
• Rhyme- same or similar sounds at the ends of words
• Rhyme scheme- use a different letter to each final sound in a poem
aabba
ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
• DIALOGUE- words spoken by characters
• STAGE DIRECTIONS- tell actors how to act, description of scenery
- usually italicized or in parenthesis
Drama (con’t)
• ACTS- divisions of a play
• SCENES- divisions of the acts
• Don’t forget to read the stage directions for clues about the characters
GENRES:type of literary work
• FICTION- imaginary stories
~novel, novella, short story
• NONFICTION- factual
~textbooks, newspaper articles, manuals,
• DRAMAS- stories written to be performed
• POETRY- short lines in stanzas
COMPOSITION
• Read selections and find and correct the mistakes
• Combine sentences correctly
• Re-organize the sentences or paragraphs
• Choose better words to revise meaning
MODIFIERS:words that change the meaning of
other words• ADJECTIVES-modify nouns or pronouns• ADVERBS- modify verbs, adjectives, other
adverbs (how? when? where?)
• MAKE SURE MODIFYING WORD IS CLOSE TO THE WORD IT IS MODIFYING!!
• Jan saw the café walking home.• Walking home, Jan saw the café.
PARALLEL STRUCTURE:use the same phrasing in pair or
series of words
• Repeat same verb tenses or constructions– Mary enjoys eating cake and to sing “Happy
Birthday”– Mary enjoys eating cake and singing “Happy
Birthday.”
PUNCTUATION
• Quotation marks– Speakers exact words (end marks INSIDE)– Titles of minor works- poems, songs, short
stories, articles, essays, etc.
COMMAS
• Indicates a separation or transition– Separate items in a list– Link two different ideas or phrases– Follow introductory words or phrases– Join two independent clauses with a
coordinating conjunction (and, but, so, for)– Separate subordinate clause from main clause
Understanding the situation, Bill took action.
COLONS
• Separate hours and minutes
1:00 P.M.
• Introduce a list– We still need: plates, napkins, and drinks.
SEMICOLONS
• Separate two clauses that are linked when each forms a complete sentence on its own
Ex.) Some people like icing; other like cake.• Use in lists to separate when other
commas are usedEx.) Bobby needed a shirt, a tie and socks;
Billy needed some pants, a jacket and a hat.
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
• Singular subjects get singular verbs
• Plural subjects get plural verbs
• Jonah likes pizza.
• Jonah and Mike like pizza.
S-V AGREEMENT
• If subject is COMPOUND (uses AND) then use PLURAL verb
My coat, scarf, and hat are on the table.
• If compound subject acts as a UNIT, use SINGULAR verb
Beans and rice is my favorite dinner.
S-V AGREEMENT
• NEITHER/NOR and EITHER/OR take the form of the subject CLOSEST to the VERB
Neither my jacket nor my boots are in the closet.
Either the games or the doll is in the toy box.
S-V AGREEMENT
• INDEFINITE PRONOUNS –depends on the noun to which it refers
Singular Plural
each both
every few
someone many
anyone
No one
anything
another
RUN-ON SENTENCES:have two or more main clauses
(can stand alone)
• Change it into two sentences
• Add a comma and a conjunction between the two main clauses
• Add a semicolon between the two main clauses
FRAGMENTS: incomplete thoughts
Jazz, rap, and rock.• Does it have a subject?• Does it have a verb or predicate?
Add the missing element or combine properly with complete sentence
• Replace period with comma, add joining word or coordinating conjunction and add fragment
Olivia likes many types of music, including jazz, rap, and rock.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
• Mrs. Janicki’s Moodle page– Resources:
• Grammar practice• EOC practice tests• Grammar Bytes: chompchomp.com