Post on 17-Dec-2015
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Epithelial TissuesEpithelial Tissues
Tissues – IntroductionTissues – Introduction
a group of similar cells specialized to a group of similar cells specialized to carry on a particular functioncarry on a particular function
tissue = cells + extracellular matrixtissue = cells + extracellular matrix– nonliving portion of a tissue that supports nonliving portion of a tissue that supports
cellscells 4 types4 types
– epithelial = protection, secretion, absorptionepithelial = protection, secretion, absorption– connective = support soft body parts and connective = support soft body parts and
bind structures togetherbind structures together– muscle = movementmuscle = movement– nervous = conducts impulses used to help nervous = conducts impulses used to help
control and coordinate body activitiescontrol and coordinate body activities
Epithelial Tissues Epithelial Tissues CharacteristicsCharacteristics free surface open to the outside free surface open to the outside
or an open internal spaceor an open internal space basement membrane anchors basement membrane anchors
epithelium to underlying epithelium to underlying connective tissueconnective tissue
lack blood vesselslack blood vessels readily divide (ex. skin healing)readily divide (ex. skin healing) tightly packed with little tightly packed with little
extracellular spaceextracellular space
Epithelial Epithelial ClassificationsClassifications classified based on shape and # classified based on shape and #
of cell layersof cell layers shapeshape
– squamous = thin, flat cellssquamous = thin, flat cells– cuboidal = cube-shaped cellscuboidal = cube-shaped cells– columnar = tall, elongated cellscolumnar = tall, elongated cells
numbernumber– simple = single layersimple = single layer– stratified = 2 or more layersstratified = 2 or more layers
Epithelial LocationsEpithelial Locations
cover body surfaces, cover and cover body surfaces, cover and line internal organs, and compose line internal organs, and compose glandsglands– skin cells, cells that line the stomach skin cells, cells that line the stomach
and small intestine, inside of your and small intestine, inside of your mouthmouth
Simple squamous Simple squamous epitheliumepithelium a single layer of thin, flattened a single layer of thin, flattened
cellscells– look like a fried egglook like a fried egg
easily damagedeasily damaged common at sites of filtration, common at sites of filtration,
diffusion, osmosis; cover surfacesdiffusion, osmosis; cover surfaces air sacs of the lungs, walls of air sacs of the lungs, walls of
capillaries, linings of blood and capillaries, linings of blood and lymph vesselslymph vessels
Simple cuboidal Simple cuboidal epitheliumepithelium single layer of cube-shaped cellssingle layer of cube-shaped cells
– centrally located nucleuscentrally located nucleus secretion and absorptionsecretion and absorption surface of ovaries, linings of surface of ovaries, linings of
kidney tubules, and linings of kidney tubules, and linings of ducts of certain glandsducts of certain glands
Simple columnar Simple columnar epitheliumepithelium single layer of cells that are longer single layer of cells that are longer
than they are widethan they are wide– nucleus located near basement mem.nucleus located near basement mem.
ciliated or nonciliatedciliated or nonciliated some have microvillisome have microvilli goblet cells = secrete mucusgoblet cells = secrete mucus absorption, secretion, protectionabsorption, secretion, protection linings of the uterus, stomach, and linings of the uterus, stomach, and
intestineintestine
Pseudostratified Pseudostratified columnar epitheliumcolumnar epithelium appear stratified b/c nuclei are at appear stratified b/c nuclei are at
2 or more levels2 or more levels– NOT stratified b/c all cells touch NOT stratified b/c all cells touch
basement mem.basement mem. ciliatedciliated goblet cellsgoblet cells protection, secretion, movement protection, secretion, movement
of mucusof mucus linings of respiratory systemlinings of respiratory system
Stratified squamous Stratified squamous epitheliumepithelium many layers of flattened cellsmany layers of flattened cells named based on appearance of named based on appearance of
top layer of cellstop layer of cells protectionprotection outer layers of skin, linings of oral outer layers of skin, linings of oral
cavity, throat, vagina, and anal cavity, throat, vagina, and anal canalcanal
Stratified cuboidal Stratified cuboidal epitheliumepithelium 2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells protectionprotection linings of larger ducts of linings of larger ducts of
mammary glands, sweat glands, mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreassalivary glands, and pancreas
Stratified columnar Stratified columnar epitheliumepithelium protection and secretionprotection and secretion vas deferens, part of the male vas deferens, part of the male
urethra, parts of the pharynx urethra, parts of the pharynx (throat)(throat)
Transitional epitheliumTransitional epithelium
can stretchcan stretch distensibility (stretching), distensibility (stretching),
protectionprotection inner lining of urinary bladder and inner lining of urinary bladder and
linings of the ureters and part of linings of the ureters and part of urethraurethra
Glandular epitheliumGlandular epithelium
cells that are specialized to cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluidsinto ducts or into body fluids
gland = 1 or more cuboidal or gland = 1 or more cuboidal or columnar cellcolumnar cell
secretionsecretion salivary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, sweat glands,
endocrine glandsendocrine glands
Exocrine vs. Endocrine Exocrine vs. Endocrine
exocrine = secrete sub. into ducts exocrine = secrete sub. into ducts that open onto surfacesthat open onto surfaces– skin or linings of digestive tractskin or linings of digestive tract
endocrine = secrete sub. into endocrine = secrete sub. into tissue fluid or bloodtissue fluid or blood– hormoneshormones
Exocrine glandsExocrine glands
merocrine = release watery, merocrine = release watery, protein-rich fluid by exocytosisprotein-rich fluid by exocytosis– salivary glands, sweat glandssalivary glands, sweat glands
apocrine = lose small portions of apocrine = lose small portions of their cell body during secretiontheir cell body during secretion– mammary glands, ear waxmammary glands, ear wax
holocrine = entire cell lysis holocrine = entire cell lysis (breaks apart) during secretion(breaks apart) during secretion– sebaceous glands of the skinsebaceous glands of the skin
Serous vs. MucousSerous vs. Mucous
serous = typically watery with serous = typically watery with lots of enzymeslots of enzymes– lubricationlubrication
mucous = mucusmucous = mucus– digestive and respiratory systemsdigestive and respiratory systems– protectionprotection