Post on 25-Feb-2018
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FundamentalsFundamentals
ofof
Ethics and ValuesEthics and Values
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Values and EthicsValues and Ethics
What do you believe in?What do you believe in?Who do you care about?Who do you care about?What motivates you?What motivates you?Are you a spiritual person?Are you a spiritual person?Why are you really in Institution?Why are you really in Institution?How do you tell theHow do you tell the
diference between right and wrong? diference between right and wrong?
Lets take a
look at what
really
matters to
you.
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Values andValues and
EthicsEthics ValuesValuesare concerned with what isare concerned with what is
goodgoodandand desirabledesirable, while, while ethicsethicsdealdeal
with what iswith what is rightrightandand correctcorrect.. Ethical ilemmaEthical ilemma! situation where one! situation where one
must ma"e a choice among two ormust ma"e a choice among two or
more alternatives. A dilemma occursmore alternatives. A dilemma occurs
when no one answer can con#orm towhen no one answer can con#orm to
all the ethical principles involved.all the ethical principles involved.
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EthicsEthics
EthosEthos$ %ree" word #or &character' and$ %ree" word #or &character' and&customs' (traditions)&customs' (traditions)
EthicsEthics$ &the discipline o# what is good or$ &the discipline o# what is good or
bad, with moral duty * obligation+ principlesbad, with moral duty * obligation+ principles
o# conduct governing an individual or group'o# conduct governing an individual or group'
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Ethics:Ethics: Ethical codes o# conductEthical codes o# conduct
instruct us on what we ought orinstruct us on what we ought or
ought not to do.ought not to do.
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Identifying EthicsIdentifying Ethics
Principles of ethics should provide usPrinciples of ethics should provide us
guidance as we make choices in aguidance as we make choices in a
complicated world.complicated world.
Ethics should help us to identify moralEthics should help us to identify moral
principles and morally relevant featuresprinciples and morally relevant featuresof the choices we face.of the choices we face.
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here is no simple &recipe' #or ethicalhere is no simple &recipe' #or ethical
decision ma"ing.decision ma"ing.
-hilosophical and religious theories-hilosophical and religious theories
and alternative values play together.and alternative values play together.
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Role of Religious Belief in Ethics:Role of Religious Belief in Ethics:or those o# us who have religiousor those o# us who have religious
belie#s, o#ten these belie#s arebelie#s, o#ten these belie#s areintimately tied to our values and to theintimately tied to our values and to the
ethical principles we accept. /utethical principles we accept. /ut itit
would be a mista"e to suppose thatwould be a mista"e to suppose that
ethical values are simply religious valuesethical values are simply religious values0at least, the relationship is more0at least, the relationship is more
comple1 than people sometimes reali2e.comple1 than people sometimes reali2e.
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ValuesValues &&Value' ! #rom the 3atin &valere'$ &to beValue' ! #rom the 3atin &valere'$ &to be
strong',strong',
&to be worth'&to be worth'
! Values are #eelings and convictions regardingValues are #eelings and convictions regardingwhat is o# &strong worth' (i.e. &important')what is o# &strong worth' (i.e. &important')
to us in what we thin", say or doto us in what we thin", say or do
! Values are inherent in all societies ! idealsValues are inherent in all societies ! ideals
and shared belie#s that bond a communityand shared belie#s that bond a communitytogethertogether
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What areWhat are
values?values?
hey are the ideas and belie#s about li#ehey are the ideas and belie#s about li#ethat guide us to do what we do and bethat guide us to do what we do and be
what we are4what we are4
hey can be about$hey can be about$-olitics-olitics amilyamily riendsriends
5eligion5eligion ishonestyishonesty
/eing o# service/eing o# service a"ing 5is"sa"ing 5is"s
EducationEducation 5espect5espect
6oney6oney 3eisure3eisure7areer7areer And so on4And so on4
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What are human values?What are human values?
Universal valuesUniversal values that spanthat spanacrossacrosscultures, nationalities and classescultures, nationalities and classes
The desirable qualitiesThe desirable qualitiesinherent ininherent inevery human beingevery human being
Values to be brought out,Values to be brought out,notnot
&poured in'&poured in'
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Basic Values:Basic Values:
rustworthinessrustworthiness
5espect5espect 5esponsibility5esponsibility
airnessairness
7aring7aring 7iti2enship7iti2enship
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Dierent kinds of ValuesDierent kinds of Values
6oral Values$6oral Values$! Values you hold #or yoursel# butValues you hold #or yoursel# but
don8t #orce on others such as rightdon8t #orce on others such as rightvs. wrong, honesty vs. dishonesty,vs. wrong, honesty vs. dishonesty,being o# service to othersbeing o# service to others
Aesthetic Values$Aesthetic Values$! -ersonal standards o# beauty as-ersonal standards o# beauty as
seen in nature, art, music, personalseen in nature, art, music, personalappearanceappearance
-er#ormance Values$-er#ormance Values$! /enchmar"s you set #or yoursel#/enchmar"s you set #or yoursel#such as accuracy, speed, reward #orsuch as accuracy, speed, reward #orachievement, sel#9discipline andachievement, sel#9discipline andoverall accomplishmentoverall accomplishment
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Values ChecklistValues Checklist Having good #riendsHaving good #riends
Having a positive relationshipHaving a positive relationship Having sel#9respect : theHaving sel#9respect : the
respect o# othersrespect o# others /eing ;nancially secure/eing ;nancially secure /eing spiritual/eing spiritual
6a"ing a meaning#ul6a"ing a meaning#ulcontribution to man"indcontribution to man"ind /eing a moral person/eing a moral person /eing a great athlete/eing a great athlete /eing physically attractive/eing physically attractive /eing creative/eing creative
/eing personally responsible/eing personally responsible %etting along well with people%etting along well with people
in generalin general
Having #reedom andHaving #reedom and
independenceindependence /eing well educated/eing well educated
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Where do we get values?Where do we get values?
our homes,our homes, school,school, society,society,
friends,friends, V,V, !os"ue,!os"ue,
music,music, #ooks,#ooks, families,families,
culture,culture, em$loyers,em$loyers, Cor$oration,Cor$oration,
%actories etc%actories etc
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=our age will greatly in>uence your=our age will greatly in>uence yourvalues. iferent people and thingsvalues. iferent people and things
in>uence you at diferent ages$in>uence you at diferent ages$ Ages 9@ 999 parentsAges 9@ 999 parents
Ages 9B 999 teachers, heroes (sports,Ages 9B 999 teachers, heroes (sports,roc"s, V)roc"s, V)
Ages C9D 999 AccompanyAges C9D 999 Accompany
Ages DF your values are established,Ages DF your values are established,but you may test your values #rombut you may test your values #rom
time to time.time to time.
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What more #asic values areWhat more #asic values are
involved?involved?
Helping out on your #ather9in9law8s #arm,Helping out on your #ather9in9law8s #arm,
you discover that he has ceased to useyou discover that he has ceased to use
appropriate environmental precautions.appropriate environmental precautions.
His plow patterns are leading toHis plow patterns are leading to
e1cessive soil erosion and e1cessivee1cessive soil erosion and e1cessive
pesticide run9of. here is reason topesticide run9of. here is reason to
believe that his unsa#e practices arebelieve that his unsa#e practices are
signi;cantly contributing to groundwatersigni;cantly contributing to groundwater
contamination, and that erosion #rom hiscontamination, and that erosion #rom his
;elds is;elds is
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Ethics and ethical decision ma"ing are notEthics and ethical decision ma"ing are notsimply the province o# philosophers orsimply the province o# philosophers orethicists. Gur choices reveal our values toethicists. Gur choices reveal our values to
the world. hese values are eitherthe world. hese values are eitherunre>ective and shallow, or re>ective andunre>ective and shallow, or re>ective anddeep.deep.
-hilosophical deliberation should help us to-hilosophical deliberation should help us toma"e our values and choices deep andma"e our values and choices deep andthought#ul. 6aybe this ma"es it morethought#ul. 6aybe this ma"es it moreli"ely that our choices will be the rightli"ely that our choices will be the rightones.ones.
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&y$ocrite ' (ne )ho su#scri#es to&y$ocrite ' (ne )ho su#scri#es to
one set of values, and does another*one set of values, and does another*
+mmaturity (ne )ho has not+mmaturity (ne )ho has not
identi-ed his values*identi-ed his values*
6aturity6aturity! 7lear values7lear values
! 3i#e o# purpose3i#e o# purpose
! 6eaning and6eaning and
directiondirection
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..+t/s not doing+t/s not doingthingsthings
right,right,
#ut doing the right#ut doing the right
things*things*&&
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G-E G56G-E G56
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Values 0 EthicsValues 0 Ethics
he words morals and morality came up regularly.he words morals and morality came up regularly. Is there a connection between morality andIs there a connection between morality and
ethics?ethics? %enerally, the words are used interchangeably.%enerally, the words are used interchangeably.
here is, however, a diference$here is, however, a diference$
! 6orality is usually more6orality is usually more theoreticaltheoretical+ it is a+ it is aphilosophical concept.philosophical concept.
! Ethics are theEthics are the practical applicationpractical applicationo# moralityo# moralityin daily li#e.in daily li#e.
he diference is that o#he diference is that o# theorytheoryandand practice.practice. I# a person has a moral character, he or she willI# a person has a moral character, he or she will
generally deal with other people in an ethicalgenerally deal with other people in an ethicalmannermanner