Evaluang)Green)Compu&ng)Techniques) with)Dense,)Long

transcript

Evalua&ng Green Compu&ng Techniques with Dense, Long-‐term Power Sensing

Maria Kazandjieva, Brandon Heller, David Gal,

Philip Levis, Christos Kozyrakis, and Nick McKeown

Nov 30, 2010

What can we do to create a more energy-‐

efficient building compu&ng infrastructure?

We don’t know much about energy waste, but what if we did?

We Could

Use current equipment more efficiently

Buy the right equipment next &me around

Enact policies that reduce waste

Educate building occupants

The Bill

300 megawaU-‐hours = 300 U.S. homes

Data Every 15 Minutes

Wired Power Meters

WaUsUp .Net

Ethernet-‐enabled Sampling rate: 1 Hz Closed soZware ~1.8 W power draw $250

Three ‘Easy’ Steps to Deployment

1.  Obtaining all necessary materials 2.  Getting permission 3.  Collecting the data

"I started looking at some stats and found that new machine 'powernet' is number 1 in gates with ~7% of all flows."

"The 70 current meters now account for 20% of the total daily recorded flows"

"more than half of all DNS lookups emanating from Gates/Packard Allen to the campus servers"

A Single Power Meter

System Design

Wired Wireless

connections: AC power

Wireless Meters

Wired Meters

Database

Front End traffic

A Single Power Meter

30’’ Dell Monitor

&me (minutes)

10 20 30 40 50

power (w

screen blanking

brightness 14

brightness 11

Impact

&me (hours)

2pm 4pm 6pm 8pm 10am 10pm

power (w

April May

Meters. More Meters.

What if we had 10 or 50 meters?

1)  Differences between device classes

10 20 30 40 50

power (w

data rate (Mbps)

HP Switch, 23 ac&ve ports

NEC Switch, 47 ac&ve ports

2) Varia&ons within a class

Hundreds of Meters

A picture begins to emerge

The Big Picture

Are We There Yet?

(under) U&liza&on

Percentile CPU

Machine Type 5th 50th 95th

Dell Optiplex 745 1% 9% 58%

High-end custom-built 0% 1% 57%

Dell Precision T3400 0% 4% 29%

HP Pavillion Elite m9250f 0% 0% 25%

Dell Inspiron 530 1% 1% 8%

10 20 30 40 50

power (w

data rate (Mbps)

HP Switch, 23 ac&ve ports

Network U&liza&on

So Far We’ve Learned That

Compu&ng systems account for >55% of Gates' electricity use;

Much of the compu&ng infrastructure is

heavily underu&lized.

Can We Do BeUer?

The Network

When is wireless good enough?

Does a more &ered wired infrastructure reduce waste?

Tradi&onal Desktop Compu&ng

Ul&mate example of waste -‐ high idle baseline power

-‐ low CPU u&liza&on

-‐ almost no diurnal paUerns

Tradi&onal Desktop Compu&ng

Network proxies

Virtual Machine Migra&on

Thin Clients

Laptops

Approach Ac&ve Power Idle Power Per-‐Host Avg Savings

Network Proxy 123 W 5 W 27.3 W 69%

VM Migra&on 127.3 W 9.8 W 30.7 W 65%

Thin Clients 29 W 14 W 13.4 W 85%

Laptops 26 W 26 W 26 W 76.5%

Laptops + Proxy 26 W 5 W 7.9 W 90%

Assume: Active workday of 9 hours; no user activity on weekends

Going Forward

Collect data from different setups: -‐ Office of Research Administra&on: VM migra&on

-‐ University of Erlangen-‐Nuremberg: Thin Clients

Redesign part of the Gates building compu&ng infrastructure & evaluate it

Summary

Dense (250+ sensing points),

long-‐term (over 1 year) power and u&liza&on sensing can reveal waste.

It provides a microcosm for evalua&ng energy saving techniques,

from simple policy changes to completely new infrastructures.

Thank You

hUp://powernet.stanford.edu

Extra Slides

Not the Whole Story

Considera&ons other than pure energy savings:

-‐ total cost of ownership

-‐ maintenance difficulty

-‐ remote accessibility

-‐ support for custom SW and HW

Evaluang)Green)Compu&ng)Techniques) with)Dense,)Long

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