EX-ACT: EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool

Madeleine Jönsson, FAO

Carbon in Soils, Kulturhuset, Stockholm

08.05.2012

Outline of this PresentationOutline of the presentation

• What is EX-ACT

• What can EX-ACT do

• Why the EX-ACT tool

• The EX-ACT tool: technical description

- The structure and logic of EX-ACT

-One example from case studies

WHAT IS EX-ACT ? What is EX-ACT?

• EX-ACT :

– A tool to conduct the carbon balance appraisals of

Agricultural, Forestry and other Land Use (AFOLU)

projects

• Developed by:

– FAO Economic Division (ESA), FAO Investment Center

(TCI) and Policy Support Services (TCSP)

• In collaboration with:

– French Development Research Institute(IRD), GIZ, IFAD,

AFD(France) AfDB, SEI(Sweden), ADEME (France),

World Bank

What can EX-ACT do?

• Assess the carbon balance of

– AFOLU projects

– Value Chains

– National Strategic plans/policies

• Select activities with better potential to cope with

sustainability

• Help decision making during project formulation

What can EX-ACT do?

Takes into account activities

that impact GHG fluxes (emissions and sinks)

Deforestation, A-Re/forestation, forest degradation, Restoration of grasslands, livestock, cultivation of annual

crops, cultivation of perennial crops, fertilization of crops, installation of building, installation of irrigation systems...

CO2, CH4, N2O

from and to different pools

above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, soil, litter and dead wood

EMISSIONS STOCKS

Positive result : There are more emissions

Negative result: There are less emissions

MITIGATION !

Carbon balance in t of eq-CO2

Why the EX-ACT tool?

Advantages Limitations

• Well suited for the assessment of

projects activities on various land-

use areas and scale

• Flexible

• Projections for longer time

horizons

• Simple, user-friendly, cost effective

• Interactive and participatory

• Output can be used for financial

and economic analysis

• It is Excel based

Lacks a link to yield/agricultural

productivity indicators

Why the EX-ACT tool?

• Project formulation

• Developing future

strategies and

objectives

• National/regional level

agricultural Programme

• Cost-effectiveness

analysis (MACC)

• Analysis of the

possibility to access

public funding or the

carbon market

EX-ACT

Project and

policy design

Value chain

Economics

and finance

EX-ACT: technical description

The structure and the logic of EX-ACT

Project activities

(identification of expected

land use and practices changes)

Project

Description

Carbon balance

Climate

Continent

Soil

Duration

Deforestation

Afforestation and Reforestation

Forest degradation

Non forest land use change

Annual crops

Perennial crops

Irrigated rice

Grasslands

Exploitation of organic soils

Livestock

Inputs

Other investments

Matrix

(Synthesis of land

use and land

use changes)

-Describe

vegetation/animals/inputs

concerned

-Describe main management

practices

-Area concerned

EXCEL File

-Start situation

-Future without project

-Future with project

Tier 1:

IPCC coefficients

Tier 2 : ad-hoc

The structure and logic of EX-ACT

The structure and the logic of EX-ACT

Time (years)

Implementation phase

With project

Without project

Capitalization phase

Difference used to compute the final C

balance in tons CO2 equivalent

Vari

ab

le c

on

sid

ere

d

(ha o

f la

nd u

se, num

ber

of

cattle

heads,…

)

x0

x1

x2

3 different dynamics of change

(adoption) of practices

Benefits of

the project

The structure and logic of EX-ACT

The structure and the logic of EX-ACTA

bso

lute

Ch

an

ge

(x1-x

0)

t0 t1

“Immediate” “Linear” “Exponential”

t0 t1 t0 t1

Time

(years)

Default option

in Tier 1

3 different dynamics of change (adoption) of practice

The structure and logic of EX-ACT

The structure and logic of EX-ACT: results

2 types of results:

• Gross results

• Carbon balance (net benefits of the

project)

The structure and logic of EX-ACT: gross results

• Emissions: 100 000 t 30 000 t

• Sequestration: 20 000 t 50 000 t

The structure and logic of EX-ACT: gross results

30

-50

-20

100

-20

80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Emissions Sequestration TOTAL

t C

O2

-eq

with

without+ =

The structure and logic of EX-ACT: C

balance

-20

80

-100-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

with without C balance

t C

O2

-eq

Objective: Increase agricultural livestock productivity with an increased focus on agro-forestry

Targets: 7.500 farm families

Means: improved feeding practices, increased agro-forestry, stop residue burning, adoption of improved

practises

Duration of carbon balance appraisal: 3+17 years

The East African Dairy Development (EADD) Project in collaboration with the Mitigation

of Climate Change in Agriculture (MICCA), FAO

Example: carbon balance appraisal of a project

-600000

-400000

-200000

0

200000

400000

600000

Gross fluxes EADD Project

Gross fluxes scenario 1

Gross fluxes scenario 2

Contacts

• Website: http://www.fao.org/tc/exact/en/

• E-mail: EX-ACT@fao.org

• EX-ACT team:– Martial Bernoux, martial.bernoux@ird.fr

– Louis Bockel, louis.bockel@fao.org

– Giacomo Branca, giacomo.branca@fao.org

– Madeleine Jönsson, madeleine.jonsson@fao.org

– Daneswar Poonyth, daneswar.poonyth@fao.org

– Rocio Sanz Cortés, rsanzcortes@googlemail.com

– Ophélie Touchemoulin, ophelie.touchemoulin@fao.org

24/06/2010

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24/06/2010

Project Summary Area (Initial state in ha)

Name Forest/Plantation 35000

Annual 12400 Implementation 10

Continent Africa Cropland Perennial 0 Capitalisation 10

Rice 21800 Total 20

Climate Tropical Moist Grassland 40000

Other LandDegraded 28750

Dominante Soil TypeHAC Soils Other 0 Total Area 137950

N2O CH4 Per phase of the project

Biomass Soil Implement. Capital. Total Implement. Capital.

-628907 this is a sink -357207 -271700 0 0 -447773 -181133 -31445 -44777 -18113

-989278 this is a sink -719813 -269466 0 0 -344334 -644944 -49464 -34433 -64494

-188444 this is a sink -8800 -179644 0 0 -68681 -119763 -9422 -6868 -11976

-277879 this is a sink 0 -161220 -32290 -84370 -92626 -185253 -13894 -9263 -18525

-183225 this is a sink -167475 -15750 0 0 -57225 -126000 -9161 -5723 -12600

-48612 this is a sink 0 0 0 -48612 -16204 -32408 -2431 -1620 -3241

-146396 this is a sink 0 -146396 0 0 -48799 -97598 -7320 -4880 -9760

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

91148 this is a source 28358 --- 25980 65168 4557 2598 6517

1463 this is a source --- --- 1463 0 73 146 0

Final Balance -2370130 It is a sink -1189041 -1044176 -3931 -132981 -1048200 -1321930 -118506 -104820 -132193

Result per ha -17.2 -8.6 -7.6 0.0 -1.0 -7.6 -9.6 -0.9 -0.8 -1.0

Components of the Project

Other GHG Emissions

Livestock

Inputs

Deforestation

Afforestation and Reforestation

Other Land Use Change

Agriculture

Project Investment

Annual Crops

Agroforestry/Perennial Crops

Rice

Grassland

1463

All GHG in tCO2eq

Balance (Project - Baseline)

Duration of the

Project (years)

Mean per year

CO2 (other)

---

62790

CO2

-1000000

-800000

-600000

-400000

-200000

0

200000

Deforestation Afforestation and

Reforestation

Other Land Use

Change

Annual Crops Agroforestry/Perennial

Crops

Rice Grassland Livestock Inputs Project Investment

Return

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24/06/2010

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