Facilitating the area-based development (ABD) approach in rural regions in the Western Balkans...

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““Facilitating the area-based development (ABD) Facilitating the area-based development (ABD) approach in rural regions in the Western Balkans” PROJECTapproach in rural regions in the Western Balkans” PROJECT

Sergio Gomez y Paloma

Geertrui Louwagie Fabien Santini

Silvia Saravia Matus

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies – AGRILIFE unitInstitute for Prospective Technological Studies – AGRILIFE unit

1919thth SWG-RRD Meeting – 9 December 2010 SWG-RRD Meeting – 9 December 2010

The Institute for Prospective Technological StudiesThe Institute for Prospective Technological Studies

• a directorate of the JRC

• provides customer-driven support to EU policy making

• aims at policy challenges that have a socio-economic and science & technology dimension

The The AGRILIFEAGRILIFE unit within IPTS unit within IPTS

AGRILIFE Unit Actions: SUSTAG / AGRITRADE / AGRITECH

General objective: To facilitate local (RURAL) development in the Western Balkans

Specific objectives

1. To apply the ABD approach in a selected rural cross-border area in the Western Balkans

2. Disseminate the ABD strategy and action plan to potential donors – MAY 5, 2011 – Belgrade, Serbia

3. Develop a method using the ABD or SIMILAR participatory approaches for other rural areas in the Western Balkans, where such type of intervention may be appropriate

The The Western BalkanWestern Balkan Project Project

The The TARGET PILOT AREATARGET PILOT AREA Project Project

Target area:Drina-Tara

Municipalities:Serbia: Bajina Bašta, Užice, Priboj, Čajetina, Prijepolje, LjubovjaMontenegro: Pljevlja, Bijelo PoljeBosnia-Herzegovina: Višegrad, Srebrebnica, Milici, Bratunac, Rudo, Goražde

Administrative Arrangement between DG AGRI and the JRC - IPTS

Steering Group: AGRI, ELARG, JRC (meets 5 times)

Advisory Board: SWG secretariat, FAO, UNDP, OECD, World Bank (meets 3 times)

Financial/Logistical Support: SWG-RRDField Research Support: School on Local Development, Trento

Project Project IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION

o m3 (Sep 2010): Literature review & Set up of AREA – BASED DEVELOPMENT (ABD) case study target pilot areao m6 (Dec 2010): Preliminary assessment of development situation in pilot target areao m10 (Apr 2011): Completion of ABD approach in pilot target areao m12 (May 2011): Workshop – Donor Conferenceo m15 (Sep 2011): Final report

Project Project TIMELINETIMELINE

A. Case Study1. Defining a pilot target area2. Assessing the development situation

the baseline critical needspriority solutions/interventions

3. Defining the ABD interventionmain outcome (desired development situation)specific objectivesresults

B. Workshop – Donor Conference C. Methodological Package / Mapping & Identification of potential target

Participatory

Project Project DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

PARTICIPATORY APPROACHPARTICIPATORY APPROACH

Assessment of the baseline development situation & Identification of critical needs

o Data collection / analysis – Use of statistical yearbooks (municipal level)o Identification of development gaps /problems to be addressed through participatory methods:

-Survey / Questionnaire – (280 interviewees = 20 * 14 municipalities)-Local Stakeholder Consultation (1/3 business sector, 1/3 public sector, 1/3 civil society)-DELPHI Group “Helicopter View” (11)

BASELINE ASSESSMENT & PARTICIPATORY BASELINE ASSESSMENT & PARTICIPATORY APPROACHAPPROACH

Survey / OCT 2010

•Q1: Are you satisfied with the socio-economic development progress in your municipality? (Yes/No)•Q2: Which are the main obstacles to socio-economic development in your municipality and/or your sector of activity? (Open answer)•Q3: What do you think are the main assets for socio-economic development in your municipality in terms of economic sectors and in terms of people and institutions? (Open answer)•Q4: What are in your opinion the present limitations of cross-border interaction with neighbouring countries? What are the possibilities/opportunities? (Options)•Q5: Which of the following should be a focus of cross-border interaction with neighbouring countries? (Options)•Q6: List three priority actions for promoting development in your area. (Open answer)

Survey / OCT 2010 Q1 - Satisfaction

Survey / OCT 2010 Q2 - Obstacles

BASELINE ASSESSMENTBASELINE ASSESSMENT

Survey / OCT 2010 Q3 - Key players

Survey / OCT 2010 Q4 - Obstacles CBC

Survey / OCT 2010 Q5 – Opportunities CBC

Survey / OCT 2010 Q6 Key Priorities

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18%

Urban regeneration

Social i ssues

Rural development and infrastructures

Promotion of natural resources

Youth programmes

Cultural activities

Promotion of investment and trade

Legal framework

Ski l l s development

Environmental protection

Cross-border col laboration

Employment

Infrastructures

Agriculture

Local governance

Tourism

Local economic development

Quantitative Data: (1) Openness & Dynamism Indicators

Population change (2005-2008) (%)

% of upper secondary & higher education on labour force

Number of CSOs per 5000 inhabitants

Number of firms per 5000 inhabitants

Self-employment rate (%)

Total length of roads per area (km/km²)

% of roads modern surfacing on total roads in municipal territory

Bajina Basta 0,037 6,6 4 120 34,1 1,38 41,6

Priboj -4,5 9,1 3 194 28,4 0,26 63,4

Uzice -2,2 13,9 13 273 25,6 0,61 72

Cajetina -1,5 7,5 3 298 27,5 0,69 63,4

Prijepolje -2,2 7,6 11 231 27,3 0,52 49,3

Ljubovija -5,8 5,8 4 n/a 47,1 0,5 42,4

Pljevlja 0 7,6 6 109 n/a 0,48 69,8

Bjelo Polje 0 n/a 57 n/a n/a 0,42 72,8

Visegrad -1,9 n/a n/a 23 11,7 0,57 25,3

Srebrenica 0,3 n/a 10 13 n/a 0,42 13,5

Rudo -2,1 n/a n/a 49 n/a 0,15 26,9

Milici -0,5 n/a 2 90 n/a 0,92 12,5

Bratunac -0,8 n/a 10 100 n/a 0,68 61,3

Gorazde -1,2 n/a 57 n/a n/a 1 n/a

Quantitative Data: (2) Diversity of Local Economy & Agriculture

2008 Employment rateHotels and restaurants (% of total registered legal entities)

Agricultural land as percentage of total area

Share of agricultural population on total population

Bajina Basta 0,2 0,0 0,4 0,2

Priboj 0,3 0,0 0,3 0,1

Uzice 0,4 0,0 0,5 0,0

Cajetina 0,4 0,1 0,6 0,2

Prijepolje 0,2 0,0 0,4 0,1

Ljubovija 0,3 n/a 0,6 0,3

Pljevlja 0,3 0,0 0,5 0,1

Bjelo Polje 0,2 n/a 0,4 n/a

Visegrad n/a 0,0 0,1 n/a

Srebrenica n/a 0,1 0,3 0,2

Rudo n/a 0,0 0,4 n/a

Milici n/a 0,0 0,4 n/a

Bratunac n/a 0,0 0,4 n/a

Gorazde 0,2 0,0 0,4 n/a

Quantitative Data: (3) Local Government Capacity

Allocation of budget

2008 Education Health and social work Public administration Local development startegy

Bajina Basta n/a n/a n/a n/a

Priboj 0,50 0,10 0,28 0,08

Uzice 0,15 0,53 0,07 0,23

Cajetina 0,14 0,31 0,41 0,06

Prijepolje 0,66 0,08 0,19 0,02

Ljubovija 0,28 0,25 0,27 0,19

Pljevlja n/a n/a n/a n/a

Bjelo Polje n/a n/a n/a n/a

Visegrad n/a n/a n/a n/a

Srebrenica 0,03 0,04 0,25 0,33

Rudo n/a n/a n/a n/a

Milici n/a n/a n/a n/a

Bratunac n/a n/a n/a n/a

Gorazde 0,00 0,00 0,38 0,26

Stakeholder Group - Composition

Municipalities; 14

Civil society organisations; 17

Private sector organisations; 13

Local Stakeholder Consultation: 6 Thematic working groups:

-Environmental Protection-Tourism-Infrastructure-Rural development (focus on agriculture)-SME’s & entrepreneurship-Human Resource Development (education & vocational

training)

5 meetings: 1NOV – 29 NOV – 20 DEC – 24 JAN – 7 FEBSteps: ID needs – Set priorities – ID inputs – Plan Output & Exit Strategy

DELPHI Group - Composition

SWG-RRD

ACADEMIC

DELPHI Group - Activities

1st Phase OCT 2010 Set up & Introduction to the project

2nd Phase NOV – DEC 2010 Identification of common development needs & priorities (based on questionnaire findings and baseline assessment)

3rd Phase JAN – FEB 2011 Evaluation of key/strategic development actions

Contribution to local and international project-related conferences

Key OBJECTIVES:

- Disseminate the DRINA TARA pilot case study results among the INTERNATIONAL DONOR COMMUNITY- Raise awareness on adapted ABD potential use in other potential target areas in the Western Balkans- Seek commitment to participate in implementation

Project Workshop – DONOR CONFERENCE

Present an adapted methodology for participatory based development programmes in RURAL & CROSS BORDER areas in the Western Balkans:

o Build on the existing (ABD & local development approaches / LEADER / cross border) experienceso Draw lessons from the pilot case studyo Prepare a dissemination plan

Mapping exercise – Identification of other potential RURAL & CROSS BORDER areas suitable for participatory development interventions

Project – METHODOLOGICAL PACKAGE

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

Extra slides on PROJECT LITERATURE REVIEW: ABD

Afghanistan Rural Rehabilitation Programme (ARRP)

Central America – Programme for Displaced Persons, Refugees and Repatriated (PRODERE)

Sudan Stabilization and Development Schemes

UNDP - ABD Origins (1980’s)

Project Project LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW

ABD Definition

ABD targets specific geographical areas in a country, characterised by a particular complex development problem, through an integrated, inclusive, participatory and flexible approach. (Harfst, 2006)

ABD Theoretical Background

Endogenous Growth Theory / Endogenous DevelopmentParticipation / Decentralisation

Holistic / Multi-sectoral

ABD Implementation & EvaluationWhen to implement ABD

Am I dealing with a clearly identifiable area that has unique or specific problems that sets it apart from other areas in the country and therefore merits special attention?

Is the development situation in the area relatively simple (i.e. confined to one sector or issue with clearly identifiable causes and effects or is the situation complex and multi-dimensional where causes and effects are heavily interlinked?

(Harfst, 2006)

PAG – Public Administration & Participatory Governance; CPE – Community Participation & Empowerment; BIS – Basic Infrastructure & Services; LED – Local Economic Development; SDA – Social Development & Assistance; CPT – Conflict Prevention & Tolerance Promotion; PIR – Policy & Institutional Reform

From theory to practice: ABD Implementation & Evaluation

Examples of ABD Evaluation Reports

Programme Area Components PAG CE BIS LED SDA CPT PIR

Programme for Rehabilitation and Sustainable Social Development in Bosnia Herezegovina PROGRESS BiH

7 war-damaged municipalities in the northwest of Bosnia Herzegovina

X X X X X X

Municipal Improvement & Revival Programme – MIR I & II

South Serbia - 13 municipalities

X X X X

Municipal development in South West Serbia project – PRO I & II

West Serbia – 8 municipalities

X X X X

Other Approaches to Local Rural Development* INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT * PARTICIPATORY NEGOTIATED TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT * COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT * LEADER

LEADER VS ABD

Some similarities: area-based / bottom-up integrated & multi-sectoral actions

Some differences: no area-specific complex development problem required /

not necessarily inclusive (target groups) / poor consideration rural-urban linkages / Rural towns limited to areas with 5 000 - 100 000 inhabitants (< NUTS 3)

Experiences of Cross-border Cooperation (CBC) INTERREG-A

Factors for successful and effective CBC: legal framework for CBC, quality of partnerships, degree of institutionalisation

Recommendations / Lessons for ABDABD intervention – design

- Accurately define target area- Focus intervention on needs and priorities of the area- Promote early involvement of stakeholders & donors- Ensure unbiased participation- Match resources (time, budget) with objectives- Guarantee coherence: ABD program with macro-situation

Recommendations / Lessons for ABDABD intervention – Management

- Coordinate activities (also across donors)- Monitor and evaluate regularly- Reduce transaction costs- Foresee exit strategy

Facilitating the area-based development (ABD) approach in rural regions in the Western Balkans...

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