Post on 08-Feb-2016
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Female and Male Cancers
What is Cancer? Cancer is a cellular disease Abnormal cell growth Cells grow out of control and forms
tumors If the tumor is within a gland, the
cancer is said to be localized If the cancer escapes the gland it is
called systemic spread Early detection before the cancer
escapes the gland is very important
Tumor
Tumor
CAPSULE
GLAND
Bone
LymphNode
Other Organs
Local-Regional Disease Spread
Systemic Spread
Breast Cancer
Definition Breast cancer is the
uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells in the breast
If not controlled, it can lead to death
An estimate 40,460 deaths will occur from female breast cancer in 2007
Only lung cancer accounts for more cancer in women.
Signs and Symptoms The earliest sign is
an abnormality that shows up on a mammogram before it can be felt by the woman or health care provider.
Early stages of breast cancer usually do not produce symptoms.
Signs and Symptoms Continued…
Painless mass (up to 10% of patients have breast pain and no mass)
Breast changes: thickening, swelling, and skin irritation or distortion
Nipple changes: discharge, inversion, or tenderness.
Early Detection9 out of 10
women survive breast cancer simply
by early detection.
Cervical Cancer
Definition Cervical cancer is the
uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells in the cervix.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 have been found to cause 70% of cervical cancer cases.
10,000 new cases of cervical cancer every year.
Cervical Cancer
Signs and Symptoms Often times there are no symptoms. Women often times view the
symptoms as related to her period. Once the cancer advances, symptoms
may include:Abnormal bleedingHeavy dischargePelvic painPain during urination
Detection by a Doctor Pap Test
Doctor scrapes cells from the cervix and examines them under a microscope to detect infection or abnormal cells.
Prevention Safe sex
Gardasil Vaccine
Male Cancers
Testicular Cancer
Definition Testicular cancer is the growth of
abnormal cells in the Testicle.
Usually only develops in one testicle
1-2% of men who develop testicular cancer get it in both testicles.
Normal and Abnormal Testicle
Normal Abnormal
Signs and Symptoms Lump in the testicle,
usually painless
Swelling of the testicle
Some men may develop back pain or swelling in the leg
Early Detection is Key* Self-Examination *
Hold the penis out of the way and examine each testicle separately
Hold the testicle between the thumbs and fingers with both hands and roll it gently between the fingers
Look and feel for any hard lumps or change in the size, shape, or consistency of the testes
Prostate Cancer
Male Anatomy
Definition Prostate Cancer is the
uncontrollable growth of cells in the prostate gland.
In the United States, 218,890 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. That is one man diagnosed every 3 minutes.
Signs and Symptoms There may be none at all!!! Major Signs and Symptoms:
Urinary Frequency Slow urinary flow Painful urination Blood in urine or semen Impotence Lower back or thigh pain
Risk Factors Age: The risk increases with age, but
25% of diagnoses are made under age 65.
Race: African-Americans have a rate of incidence double that of Caucasian men.
Family History of Prostate Cancer: Men with a family history have two-to-three fold increase in the risk of prostate cancer.
Diet: A diet high in saturated animal fat can double the risk of developing prostate cancer.
Detection by Doctor Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
Doctor examination by feeling the prostate with his/her fingers through the rectum