Post on 04-Jun-2018
transcript
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
1/28
Identification of PVC, PP, BOPP, LLDPE, LDPE and HDPE films
1. Distinguishing characteristics
1.1 BOPP, TQPP film as well as PVC rigid film is clear
1.2. PVC rigid film when ignited by simle match stic! will n"t catch fire "r if it d"es it will e#tinguish immediately. On the
"ther hand BOPP $ TQPP films w"uld easily catch fire immediately
1.% P& films are less clear 'n fact (DP& film is alm"st "a)ue "r *ery ha+y. Thus clarity can be "ne easy meth"d t"
segregate these films
1. P& films are fle#ible and ha*e l"w m"dulus and brea!ing strength -hile PP film is m"re rigid and has l"wer el"ngati"n.
PVC rigid film will be the m"st rigid am"ng all these films. 't is easy t" uncture PVC rigid film while DP& $ DP& film is
the m"st difficult 't will ha*e g""d uncture resistance.1./ Thic!ness "f BOPP film as well as rigid PVC film will be usually be l"wer c"mared t" D0DP& films. (DP& film
articularly that made fr"m (DP& will be l"wer c"mared t" "ther P& films
1. PVC has higher density 31.%/41.5 c"mared t" while PP film has the l"west 36.765. DP&0DP& has 6.72 density. (DP&
film will ha*e 6.7 densities. Thus if these films are ut in water all e#cet PVC will fl"at while PVC will sin! because it is
hea*ier than water.
1.8 BOPP film will ha*e the best thic!ness distributi"n acr"ss the entire length 3295 while all "ther films beingred"minantly r"duced by e#trusi"n bl"wn film r"cess will ha*e higher thic!ness distributi"n 3Tyically 1695
2. These films can be easily identified by whether they sin! in water "r fl"at. :urther burning "f film will searate PVC
fr"m the remaining "nes.
%. Clarity will identify and segregate PP film
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
2/28
. 'T is difficult t" segregate DP& and DP& film fr"m "ne an"ther
/. (DP& film being ha+iest can be segregated fr"m "ther P& films by clarity
. T" c"nfirm the nature "f film "nly analytical tests w"uld be re)uired which w"uld need lab"rat"ry facilities.
8. :"r end users it is feasible t" send film t" indeendent testing lab in 'ndia such as ''P "r C'P&T
Flexible Packaging Materials
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
3/28
bbre!iation "eneric #ameCommon $rade #ame
BOPP Bia#ially Oriented P"lyr"ylene
BO# Bia#ially Oriented ;yl"n
C Cellul"se lyc"l
PL P"ly actic
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
4/28
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
5/28
Bagg), Bagginess
3a5 'n r"cessing fle#ible ac!aging materials, slac! areas in the web that sh"uld be flat. ?sually caused by bands
"f une)ual thic!ness 3gauge bands5 in the r"ll st"c!. 3b5 < r"ll in which the tensi"n is n"t e*en acr"ss the width
"f the r"ll. < slac! fl"y area in the web is caused by the material being stretched and ermanently el"ngated
in the tighter areas. "lls "f film "r laminate where "ne side "f the material c"ming "ff the r"ll is l""se "r baggy
while the ""site edge is tight is said t" ha*e a baggy edge.
Barex < trade name f"r acryl"nitrile lastic.
Barrier
'n ac!aging, this term is m"st c"mm"nly used t" describe the ability "f a material t" st" "r retard the assage
"f atm"sheric gases, water *a"r, and *"latile fla*"r and ar"ma ingredients. < barrier material is "ne that is
designed t" re*ent, t" a secified degree, the enetrati"ns "f water, "ils, water *a"r, "r certain gases, as
desired. Barrier materials may ser*e t" e#clude "r retain such elements with"ut "r within a ac!age.
Base Film The "riginal f"rm in which a film e#ists bef"re c"ating "r laminating.
Biaxial Orientation
Orientati"n "f lastic films in b"th machine and cr"ss machine 3trans*erse5 directi"ns by stretching. Bia#ial
stretched films are generally well balanced in b"th directi"ns and much str"nger in terms "f tear strength.
Bleed
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
6/28
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
7/28
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
8/28
The lightness "r dar!ness "f a c"l"r. < c"l"r may be classified as e)ui*alent t" s"me member "f a series "f
shades ranging fr"m blac! t" white. The "ther tw" fundamental characteri+ers "f c"l"r are hue and saturati"n.
Com*atibilit)
The ability "f a c"ntainer "r material t" resist chemical degradati"n "r hysical change caused by the r"duct,
"r where a c"ntainer "r material d"es n"t chemically degrade "r hysically change the c"ntained r"duct.
Conformabilit)
The ability "f a material t" be bent "r shaed ar"und a f"rm with"ut being damaged "r marred in any way.
Corona $reatment
< treatment t" alter the surface "f lastics and "ther materials t" ma!e them m"re receti*e t" rinting in!s.
Cross-Linking
< film c"n*ersi"n techni)ue in which "lymer chains are b"und int" a web "r netw"r! t" increase the webGs heat
stability and strength.
Co-Monomer
< m"n"mer that is mi#ed with "ne "r m"re "ther m"n"mers f"r a "lymeri+ati"n reacti"n, t" ma!e a c""lymer.
C+rl
The tendency "f a aer sheet t" curl as humidity c"nditi"ns change due t" the hygr"e#ansi*e nature "f aer.
< aer sheet that is identical in c"nstructi"n "n each side will e#and and c"ntract as humidity changes with
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
9/28
little tendency t" curl. ("we*er if the sheet is rinted, *arnished, "r laminated t" a lastic film "r a f"il, then
the tw" sides will ha*e different e#ansi"n and c"ntracti"n rates and the aer will curl as the humidity changes
fr"m the c"nditi"ns when the rinting, *arnishing "r laminating were d"ne. The greater the humidity difference,
the greater the curl.
C+rtain Coating
< meth"d "f alying wa# "r "ther c"ating t" a material where the material is assed thr"ugh a free4falling
curtain "r film "f the fluid c"ating.
C+t Edge
The unc"*ered edge "f a laminated r"duct. :"r e#amle a high4barrier aer0f"il laminate made int" ahermetically4sealed cart"n using la seals w"uld ha*e an e#"sed cut edge "f aerb"ard thr"ugh which "#ygen
c"uld still ermeate int" the r"duct. =uch edges are "ften s!i*ed and f"lded bac! "n themsel*es t" seal the cut
edge.
C+t off
ln web4fed r"cessing, the cut "r rint length c"rres"nding t" the circumference "f the late cylinder.
Deck Term used m"stly in fle#"grahic rinting t" describe a single rint stati"n with late,imressi"n cylinders, and in!ing r"lls.
Degradation < change "r brea!4d"wn in a materialGs chemical structure.
Delamination
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
10/28
=earati"n "r slitting "f laminate layers caused by lac! "f "r inade)uate adhesi"n, "r by mechanical disruti"n
such as eeling "r shearing f"rces.
Directionalit)
The tendency f"r certain materials t" ha*e r"erties imarted by the fl"w directi"n thr"ugh a machine.
Dot gain
< hysical and0"r "tical measurement and the"retical calculati"n "f the aarent increase in d"t area fr"m "ne
medium t" an"ther. ;"rmally e#ressed as the difference between a midt"ne 3n"minal /695 d"t area "n a film
negati*e and the rinted d"t areaH f"r e#amle, a /69 film d"t area which rints as a 8A9 d"t has 2A9 d"t gain.
D"t gain 3and l"ss5 are n"rmal and must be c"ntr"lled thr"ugh"ut the ress and rinting r"cess.
Dra1
ln fle#ible ac!aging laminates, the distance that a web tra*els between su"rting r"lls.
Dra1do1n
< swatch "f c"l"r "r c"ating made by sreading a small am"unt "f in! "r *arnish acr"ss a sheet "f material. ade
f"r *isual c"maris"n t" a standard c"l"r swatch "r chi.
Et)lene cr)lic cid .E0
&
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
11/28
Et)lene-Et)l cr)late .EE0
The c""lymeri+ati"n "f ethylene with ethyl acrylate r"duces an ethylene acid c""lymer. The "lymers are
r"duced with *arying ercentages "f acrylate c"ntent, m"st tyically between 1/ and %69. &&< is c"matible
with all "lefin "lymers and "ften is blended with these t" m"dify r"erties. &&< is used in h"t4melt
f"rmulati"ns. lt als" can be used al"ne "r as a c"m"nent "f heat4sealable c"atings where it "ffers imr"*ed
t"ughness at l"w temeratures, e#cellent adhesi"n t" n"n"lar substrates, and a br"ad ser*ice temerature
range. &&< is used as a tie layer between mating laminate films.
Et)lene-Met)l cr)late .EMC0
The c""lymeri+ati"n "f ethylene with methyl acrylate r"duces an ethylene c""lymer, "ne "f the m"st
thermally stable "f the "lefin c""lymers. The "lymers are r"duced with *arying ercentages "f methyl
acrylate c"ntent, m"st tyically between 1 A and 2"0" "f the structure.
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
12/28
Can be regarded as a c""lymer "f "lyethylene in which *arying am"unts "f the 4O( functi"nal gr"u ha*e been
inc"r"rated. < tyical ac!aging &VO( is ab"ut 26 t" %/9 ethylene. &VO( is "ne "f the best "lymeric "#ygen
barriers a*ailable t" ac!agers. ("we*er, its suscetible t" water re)uires that f"r m"st alicati"ns it be
laminated "r c"4e#truded int" a r"tecti*e sandwich with materials that will !ee the &VO( layer away fr"m
water.
Extr+sion
The r"cess "f f"rming a therm"lastic film, c"ntainer, "r r"file by f"rcing the "lymer melts thr"ugh a shaed
"rifice.
Extr+sion Coating
< r"cess where a film "f m"lten "lymeric material is e#truded "nt" the surface "f a substrate material and
c""led t" f"rm a c"ntinu"us c"ating.
Extr+sion Lamination
< laminating r"cess in which indi*idual layers "f multi4layer ac!aging materials are laminated t" each "ther by
e#truding a thin layer "f m"lten synthetic resin 3such as "lyethylene5 between the layers.
E)e Mark (egister
< rinted rectangular mar! m"st "ften f"und al"ng the edge "f webst"c! that can be identified by an electric
eye. The mar! identifies a "int "n the web where an indi*idual ac!age is t" be cut.
Film >enerally used t" describe a thin lastic material usually n"t m"re than 8/ micr"metres 36.66% inch5thic!.
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
13/28
Finising
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
14/28
Fo+r-Color Process
Printing with cyan, yell"w, magenta, and blac! in! 3CJK5 using halft"ne screens t" create a full c"l"r
rer"ducti"n.
Fo+r-%ide-%eal *o+c
< "uch with seals al"ng all f"ur edges. :"ur4side4seal "uches can be made fr"m a single st"c! "r the fr"nt and
bac! can be different st"c!s. The "uches are m"st c"mm"nly made "n multilane "uch4f"rming machines where
1 "r m"re "uches can be laced acr"ss the width "f the web. gas chr"mat"grahy
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
15/28
"a+ge Thic!ness. 'n ;"rth Ps ha*e been f"rmali+ed and are
re)uired by law f"r critical industries such as f""d and harmaceutical ac!aging. Tyically these >Ps describe
the !ind "f e)uiment t" be used, its *alidati"n, manufacturing r"cedures, insecti"n tyes and fre)uencies,
rec"rd !eeing, c"ntainer tyes and ar"*als, and registrati"n "f c"many and r"duct.
"ra!+re Printing
>ra*ure is abbre*iated fr"m the term r"t"gra*ure. During gra*ure rinting an image is etched "n the surface "f
a metal cylinder and chr"me lated f"r hardness. The in! fills the cells and is transferred "nt" the rinting
substrate.
"+sset
The f"ld in the side "r b"tt"m "f the "uch, all"wing it t" e#and when c"ntents are inserted
HDPE
(igh density, 36.7/46.7/5 "lyethylene. (a*e much higher stiffness, higher temerature resistance and much
better water *a"r barrier r"erties than DP&, but it is c"nsiderably ha+ier.
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
16/28
Heat-%eal Coating
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
17/28
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
18/28
Lidding, Lidstock
aterial "r st"c! used t" f"rm a lid. :"r e#amle, materials that can be heat4sealed "*er the "en ends "f
harmaceutical tablet blister cards.
Ligt (esistance
The ability "f material t" withstand e#"sure t" light 3usually sunlight "r the ultra*i"let art "f the light
sectrum5 with"ut change "f c"l"r "r l"ss "f hysical and0"r chemical r"erties.
LLDPE
inear l"w density "lyethylene. T"ugher than DP& and has better heat4seal strength, but has higher ha+e.
Macinabilit)
The ability "f a film t" run "n ac!aging e)uiment.
Macine Direction .MD0
The directi"n that film m"*es thr"ugh the ac!aging e)uiment.
Man+fact+ring $olerance
Permissible *ariati"ns fr"m rated "r mar!ed caacities "r dimensi"ns established by standards "r secificati"ns
f"r th"se.
MDPE
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
19/28
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
20/28
ylar is a registered trademar! "f the DuP"nt4Teiin C"r"rati"n. 's the industrial brand name f"r that
c"r"rati"nMs "lyester 3P&T5 film. P"lyester film is a stale "f multi4layer ac!aging f"r a wide *ariety "f
alicati"ns.
#eo*rene
< synthetic chl"rinated butadiene rubber used t" ma!e fle#"grahic r"llers resistant t" alc"h"ls, Cell" s"l*e,
water, alihatic hydr"carb"ns, and esters.
#)lon
P"lyamide resins, with *ery high melting "ints, e#cellent clarity and stiffness. Tw" tyes are used f"r films 4
nyl"n4 and nyl"n4. The latter has much higher melt temerature, thus better temerature resistance, but
the f"rmer is easier t" r"cess, and it is cheaer. B"th ha*e g""d "#ygen and ar"ma barrier r"erties, but they
are ""r barriers t" water *a"r.
Off-C+t
Trim that is n"t utili+ed. 'n fle#ible ac!aging, a narr"w r"ll "f material left "*er when an material "rder d"es
n"t call f"r the full r"ll width. ="metimes called a butt r"ll.
OPP
Oriented PP 3"lyr"ylene5 film. < stiff, high clarity film, but n"t heat sealable. ?sually c"mbined with "ther
films, 3such as DP&5 f"r heatsealability. Can be c"ated with PVDC 3"ly*inylidene chl"ride5, "r metali+ed f"r
much imr"*ed barrier r"erties.
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
21/28
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
22/28
;"n4rint area where the tw" ends "f fle#" late butt t"gether after being wraed ar"und the late cylinder
"n the rinting ress.
PM% #+mber The Pant"ne atching =ystem is the uni*ersally acceted c"l"r definiti"n system. C"l"rs canbe blended "r indi*idually secified t" match a secified Pant"ne reference c"l"r e#actly.
Pol)et)lene Film .PE0
ade in high density, l"w density and linear l"w density and metall"cene *ariati"ns. By far the largest *"lume
ac!aging film family.
Pol) .Et)lene $ere*talate0 Film .PE$0
P"lyester, 3P"lyethylene Terehtalate5. T"ugh, temerature resistant "lymer. Bia#ial "riented P&T film is used
in laminates f"r ac!aging, where it r"*ides strength, stiffness and temerature resistance. 't is usually
c"mbined with "ther films f"r heat sealability and imr"*ed barrier r"erties.
Pol)olefin
:amily name f"r the "lymers 3lastics5 deri*ed by ethylene and r"ylene, such as "lyethylene 3P&5 and
"lyr"ylene 3PP5
Pol) Pro*)lene Film .PP0
?nrented film is s"ft and clear but brittle at l"w temeratures. This r"erty as well as stiffness, strength and
clarity are imr"*ed by "rientati"n.
Po+c
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
23/28
< small bag usually c"nstructed by sealing "ne "r tw" flat sheets al"ng the edges. There is n" clear distincti"n
between a "uch and a sachet "ther than the c"mm"n understanding that a sachet is smaller.
Primer Coat
< c"ating alied "*er a substrate f"r the ur"se "f imr"*ing an in! "r adhesi*e b"nd.
Process Color
C"l"r rinting created by searating the c"y int" the rimary c"l"rs t" r"duce indi*idual halft"nes "f each
c"l"r that are rec"mbined at the ress t" r"duce the c"mlete range "f c"l"rs "f the "riginal. Pr"cess rinted
h"t"grahic rer"ducti"n w"uld n"rmally be d"ne with cyan, magenta, yell"w and blac! 3CJK5 in!s.
PVDC
P"ly *inylidene chl"ride. < *ery g""d "#ygen and water *a"r barrier, but n"t e#tricable, theref"re it is f"und
rimarily as a c"ating t" imr"*e barrier r"erties "f "ther lastic films, 3such as OPP and P&T5 f"r ac!aging.
PVDC c"ated and MsaranNc"ated are the same.
(egister
act alignment "f "ne art "r "erati"n with an"ther art "r "erati"n.
(elease Coating
< c"ating alied t" the n"n4sealing side "f c"ld4sealable ac!aging films and laminates sulied in a r"ll f"rm
that will all"w the ac!er t" unwind these films "r laminates "n ac!aging machines.
(etort
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
24/28
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
25/28
="lid c"l"rs n"t created by using screens. ?sually a Pant"ne atching =ystem 3P=5 c"l"r.
%tand-+* Po+c
< fle#ible "uch design where the b"tt"m "rti"n has been gusseted in such a way that that it r"*ides a wideen"ugh base t" r"*ide su"rt s" the "uch is able t" be st""d u f"r dislay "r use.
%tick Pack
< narr"w fle#ible ac!aging "uch c"mm"nly used t" ac!age single4ser*e "wder be*erage mi#es such as fruit
drin!s, instant c"ffee and tea and sugar and creamer r"ducts.
%tick) Back
D"uble4faced adhesi*e4c"ated material used f"r m"unting elast"meric rinting lates t" the late cylinder.
%+rface Print
The r"cess whereby the in! is de"sited directly "nt" the "uterm"st surface "f the ac!aging film "r material.
The r"cess is m"st c"mm"nly used in sh"rt run rinting. < ?V 3ultra*i"let5 c"ating may be added t" r"*ide a
hard e#teri"r finish that re*ents the in! fr"m fla!ing "r chiing.
$ear (esistance
The ability "f a film t" resist the r"agati"n "f a tear.
$ensile %trengt
The am"unt "f ull a film can withstand with"ut tearing aart "r stretching.
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
26/28
$ermoforming
< meth"d "f f"rming lastics where a lastic sheet is heated t" a "int where it is s"ft and f"rmable.
$reading
The lacing "f a web material thr"ugh the *ari"us r"lls and stati"ns "f any web4fed ress such as a rinter "r
laminat"r in rearati"n f"r r"ducti"n.
$ree-%ide-%eal Po+c
< "uch that is f"rmed by f"lding the web material int" a ?4shae and then sealing the three "en sides. The
"uch may be made with a gusseted b"tt"m. Three4side4seal "uches are tyically made "n h"ri+"ntal f"rm4fill4
seal machines.
$ie La)er
< material that b"nds tw" inc"matible layers in a c" e#trusi"n.
$rans!erse Direction .$D0
The directi"n erendicular t" the machine directi"n.
$ra**ing
'n rinting, in!s may be "*erlaed slightly by increasing the image si+e t" ensure that n" substrate sh"ws
thr"ugh within the register *ariati"ns "f the rinting ress.
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
27/28
$+nneling
< laminating defect caused by inc"mlete b"nding "f the substrates.
'nit-Dose Package .'DP0
< harmaceutical ac!age that h"lds indi*idual items "f use. < c"mlete unit4d"se ac!age may h"ld a number "f
discrete items, but each unit "f use must be released indi*idually fr"m the ac!age, generally in a n"n4resealable
manner.
Va*or Barrier
< layer "f material thr"ugh which water *a"r will ass "nly sl"wly, "r n"t at all.
Void
8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms
28/28
5i**er *o+c
< fle#ible lastic "uch with a m"lded4in4lace sealing de*ice wherein a r"ecting rib "r fin is inserted int" a
mating channel t" affect a cl"sure. < +ier seal can be reeatedly "ened and cl"sed.