Post on 01-Jun-2020
transcript
Floods
and
Water Quality
A short history
Then where did the water
come from?? Now the Earth has 70% water!!
Gujba meteorite, a bencubbinite found in Nigeria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonaceous_chondrite#/medi
a/File:Gujba_meteorite,_bencubbinite_(14785860604).jpg
http://blogs.nasa.gov/Watch_the_Skies/wp-content/uploads/sites/193/2015/08/HuntsvilleComposite.png
It is believed that the source of water
is one type of asteroids called
carbonaceous chondrites that
came to Earth few billion years ago
When Earth was created 4.5 billion
years ago, it was a pile of fire ball
with no water
This is the exact same water that existed during….
So think about this!!
The time of Dinosaur
65 million years ago…
http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/primates/images/Sahelanthropus.jpg
The time of Homininae 8 million years ago…
AND even today!!
Again, this will be the
exact same water that will
exist in Earth until her last
day
Being used by 7 billion people of the world
http://www.dinosaurfact.net/backgrounds.php
Same water drunk by the builders
of the pyramids in Egypt 4000
years ago
Or by Julius Caesar 2000 years ago
A short history
As day by day, more people are/will be using the same amount of water…
More process is being involved…
We need to think more about the problems we find with water and water pollution…
Uses and problems of Water
Floods
Hydroelectric power Snowpack
River flow
Habitat
Delta Life
Water Quality
Water Use
Ground Water
Agriculture
Draught
http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/tmp6721.jpg
Natural Water Cycle
Cities next to water bodies
ADVANTAGES
• Economically: water transportation (rivers, canal and sea/ocean)
• Sustainability: Fresh/drinkable water and food (fish and others), waste disposal (sanitary needs)
Water Cycle in Urban Areas
Prague flood: June 3, 2013
…but things get messy sometimes!
Coimbra flood: 11 January, 2016
Lech river flood, Germany: June 2, 2013
Caused by storm surge Death toll: 2,551 killed (1,836 in the Netherlands)
Property damage: 9% of total Dutch farmland flooded, 30,000 animals drowned, 47,300 buildings damaged of which 10,000 destroyed
Flood Hazard in the Netherlands
Flood at the Dutch Coast: 31 January – 1 February 1953
http://www.floodsite.net/juniorfloodsite/html/en/student/thingstoknow/hydrology/floodtypes.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_floods_in_Europe
Flood Hazard
Reasons of floods
Flooding occurs most commonly from • Heavy rainfall: (Volume, spatial
distribution, intensity and duration of rainfall)
• Dam failure (triggered for example by an earthquake) or Dyke breaching
• Reduction of capacity of the watercourse (may be due to unplanned urbanization)
• Drainage congestion (clogging of urban drain or sedimentation in the downstream river)
• Ground cover, topography (main cause of urban flooding)
• Tidal influences
• In coastal areas where inundation can be caused by a storm surge associated with a tropical cyclone or tsunami
Can we stop flooding
It is not possible to stop raining!
What we can do is protecting ourselves by Flood Management
Flood management
Krystian Pilarczyk, http://www.slideshare.net/Pilarczyk/flood-protection-and-management-nl?qid=ad07cc89-621b-40ee-9d44-6ab08d8cfd73&v=default&b=&from_search=11
• Source control to reduce runoff (permeable pavements, afforestation, artificial recharge);
• Storage of runoff (wetlands, detention basins, reservoirs);
• Capacity enhancement of rivers (bypass channels, channel deepening or widening);
• Separation of rivers and populations (land use control, dikes, flood proofing, zoning, house raising);
• Emergency management during floods (flood warnings, emergency works to raise or strengthen dikes, flood proofing, evacuation); and
• Flood recovery (counselling, compensation or insurance).
Shorten river length
Storm warning system
Flood management examples
Storm surge barrier Retention tank Dyke construction
Green pavement Mount Morris Dam
What is water quality
• Ability of a water body to support all appropriate beneficial uses.
What is water quality
• Chemical
• Physical-chemical
• Biological
NH4
NO3
Point Source
• Specific source, like a pipe
• Factories, industry, sewage treatment plant
• Possibility to monitor and control by a permit system
Nonpoint Source • Associated with stormwater
or runoff
• Cannot be traced to a direct discharge point such as wastewater treatment facility
• Examples: Oil & grease from cars Fertilizers Animal waste Grass clippings
Septic systems Sewage & cleaners from boats Household cleaning products Litter
Sources of water pollution
What is water pollution
• Anthropogenic
What is water pollution
• Natural phenomena
Effect of Extreme
Rainfall on Water Quality
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and
demonstration under grant agreement no 607000
Thank You!