frm Dubna synchrophasotron

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to CERN LHC

Correlation femtoscopy

Jan Pluta, Warsaw University of Technology

TheThe pre-femtoscopy period pre-femtoscopy period

TheThe begin of femtoscopy begin of femtoscopy

Podgorecki, Kopylov, SmorodinskiDubna, 1974

1972 ~ 4Kopylov and Podgoretsky settled the basics of correlation femtoscopy:•correlation function,•mixing technique,•role of space-time characteristics etc.

Correlation function

Space Time

1974Mixing technique

M.I. Podgoretski

V.G. Grishin

1975 ~1990 - Grishin, propane bubble chamber group and others in Dubna - measured two-particle correlations for various reactions and two-particle systemsin the energy domain of several GeV/nucleon

Weekly meeting of propane bubble chamber group.

N. Angelov et al.Two-particle correlationsof secondary protonsin pi-12C interactionsat 40 GeV/c

Momentum dependence

G.N. Agakishiev et al. Dimensions of the secondary pion emission region in multi-nucleon collisions of nuclear projectiles D,He,and C with C and Ta nuclei at the incident momentum of 4.2 Gev/c per nucleon, Sov. Journ. Of Nucl. Phys, 39 (1984) 543

The first attempt to „participant dependence”

First correlation function for two neutral pions

1981Lednicky and Lyuboshitzsolved the problem of final state interaction

R. Lednicky and V.L. Lyuboshitz

Influence of Final-state interactionon the correlatins of two particleswith nearly equal momenta

Dubna report: E2-81-453Sov. Journ. Nucl. Phys. 35 (1982) 770

J. Bartke, Size of the pion emission region in collisions of relativistic nuclei from intensity interferometry, Phys. Lett B (1986) 32

Summary(and the END)of staticsource period

Q G PQ G P

NA35 1988

mid-rapidity

NA35 1988

1988 - Seminar of Yu.Sinyukov in Dubna

u.Yu. M Sinyukov, Hanbury-Brown/Twiss correlations for expanding hadron and quark-gluon matter,Nucl.Phys. A498 (1989) 151c

Yuri Sinyukov

„Length of homogeneity”

Correlation WorkshopsCorrelation Workshops

Expectations for RHIC...Expectations for RHIC...

...and unexpected results from ...and unexpected results from RHIC...RHIC...

HBT Excitation Function

“RHIC HBT puzzle”

•unexpected (small) sizes

•Rout/Rside = (approx.)1

•Pt dependence do not agree with models

•The same Pt dependence for pp, dAu and AuAu

STAR 130 GeV

PHENIX 130 GeV

RHIC/AGS/SPS Systematics<kT>≈ 400 MeV (RHIC) <kT>≈ 390 MeV (SPS)

STAR DATASTAR DATA (pp,dAu,CuCu,AuAu@62GeV - prelim.)

Pion HBT radii from different systems and at different energies

scale with (dNch/dη)1/3

System expansion: System expansion: Initial vs Final Initial vs Final SizeSize

Proton initial size = 0.89 fm from e-scattering

Smooth expansion of the system from p+p to Au+Au

AuAu: system expands

pp (dAu): no or less expansion

Collisions at 200GeV only

Transverse mass dependenceTransverse mass dependence in in AuAu++AuAu

In Au+Au pT (mT) dependence attributed to collective expansion of

the source

0.3 0.30.4 0.40.5 0.50.2 0.2 0.6

STAR, Au+Au@200GeV, PRC 71 (2005) 044906

Calc. with Blast-Wave -Retiere, Lisa, PRC 70 (2004)

044907

Consistency check on flow – Consistency check on flow – kaonskaons

Hania Gos, Kromeriz’05

More confirmationMore confirmation

STAR preliminary

Surprising („puzzling”) scalingSurprising („puzzling”) scaling

All pT(mT) dependences of

HBT radii observed by STAR

scale with pp although it’s

expected that different

origins drive these

dependences

HBT radii scale with pp

Scary coincidence or something deeper?

pp, dAu, CuCu - STAR preliminary

Ratio of (AuAu, CuCu, dAu) HBT radii by pp

Nonidentical particle correlations – the asymmetry analysis

Catching up•Effective interaction time larger•Stronger correlation

Moving away•Effective Interaction time smaller•Weaker correlation

“Double” ratio•Sensitive to the space-time asymmetry in the emission process

R.Lednicky, V. L.Lyuboshitz,B.Erazmus, D.Nouais,Phys.Lett. B373 (1996) 30.

Kinematics selectionalong some directione.g. kOut, kSide, cos(v,k)

Heavier particlefaster

Lighter particlefaster

Adam Kisiel,Fabrice Retiere

Pion-Kaon at 200 AGeV

• Good agreement for same-charge combinations

• Clear emission asymmetry signal

Out double ratio

Side double ratio

Sigma: 17.3 ± 0.8 fm

Mean: -7.0 ± 1.2 fm

STARpreliminary

+ 0.9 syst.- 1.6 syst.

+ 6.1 syst.- 4.0 syst.

kaon faster pion faster

STARpreliminary

Λ peaks

Mean: -7.4 ± 0.9 fm

Sigma: 15.1 ± 0.4 fm

Pion-Proton 130 AGeV• Good agreement

for identical and opposite charge combinations

• We observe Lambda peaks at k*~decay momentum of Λ

Out double ratio

Side double ratio

+ 1.0 syst.- 1.5 syst.

- 3.4 syst.+ 1.9 syst.

Fit assumes source is a gaussian in r*out

proton faster pion faster

Hania Gos, Kromeriz’05

Origins of asymmetry

• Measures asymmetry in pair rest frame is a combination of time and space shifts in source frame

• In heavy-ion collisions one expects difference in emission time from resonance decays

pion average = 16.1kaon average = 14.8time shift = 1.3

pion pion emissionemissiontimestimes

kaon kaon emissionemissiontimestimes

primordialprimordial

allall

primordialprimordial

THERMINATORcalculation

Adam Kisiel, Kromeriz’05

Space asymmetry from flow

• Transverse momentum of particles is composed of the thermal (randomly distributed) and flow (directed “outwards”) components

• With no flow average emission point is at center of the source and the length of homogeneity is the whole source

• Flow makes the source smaller (“size”-p correlation) AND shifted in outwards direction (x-p correlation)

• For particles with large mass thermal motion matters less – they are shifted more in “out” direction. The difference is measured as emission asymmetry.

pion pion emissionemissionpointspoints

kaon kaon emissionemissionpointspoints

protonproton emissionemissionpointspoints

outoutsideside

THERMINATOR calculation

Fourier coefficients of HBT() oscillations

STAR Collaboration, nucl-ex/0312009

• Out-of-plane sources at freeze-out– Pressure and/or expansion

time was not sufficient to quench initial shape

• From v2 we know...– Strong in-plane flow →

significant pressure build-up in system

Short expansion time plays dominant role in out-of-plane freeze-out source shapes

eccentricity

Dmitri Peresounko Direct photon interferometry

PHENIX; d+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV

Future plans at LHC

RHIC/AGS/SPS Systematics<kT>≈ 400 MeV (RHIC) <kT>≈ 390 MeV (SPS)

...and expectations for LHC

Assuming the same tendency:

40961/3=1680001/3=20

Rexpected < 10fm

Pion freezeout times are about twice as long at LHC compared to RHIC

Tom Humanic, Kromeriz’05

Pion freezeout time and z-position for LHCform rescattering calculations

Projected 3D two-pion C2 for LHC Pb+Pb from rescattering

for b=8 fm centrality and pT bin 0-200 MeV/c

Two-pion correlation function for LHCform rescattering calculations

Transverse radius parameters for LHC vs. RHIC

Transverse radius parameters are somewhat larger and show a strongerpT dependence for LHC compared with RHIC

RLong and parameters for LHC vs. RHIC

RLong for LHC is almost twice as large as for RHIC reflectinglonger freezeout times;

behaves about the same at LHC and RHIC

ALICE examples

Track Merging

• Anti-Merging cut as implemented by STAR– Cutting on average distance between two tracks in TPC

– Space coordinates of tracks are calculated assuming helix shape using track parameters as reconstructed in the inner part of TPC

Single event pion-pion interferometry (with FSI)... by Zbyszek Chajęcki, (ro=8fm)

Single event pion-pion interferometry by Hania GOS

Mike Lisa

Length ofhomogeneity of Yuri S.

RHIC HBTpuzzle

Puzzle explanations

Yuri Sinyukov60thBirthday!!!

Expectations for RHIC

Happy birthday, Yuri !!!

...but it is not the end of my presentation.

Some people could not participate in the Kiev Workshopbut like to be with Yuri today...

From heinz@mps.ohio-state.edu Sat May 26 20:47:02 2007Date: Sat, 26 May 2007 13:23:41 -0400 (EDT)From: Ulrich Heinz <heinz@mps.ohio-state.edu>To: Jan Pluta <pluta@if.pw.edu.pl>Subject: Re: Juri Sinyukov

Dear Jan,Here is a message from me to Yuri that I would be very happy if you couldread it to him at the Workshop. Sorry to not be able to deliver it in person.Kind regards,Ulrich

Dear Yuri,Unfortunately, I can't attend your Kiev Workshop on Relativistic Nuclear Physics. I would have loved to come and talk about recent progress in the understanding of two-particle correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the field which you have stimulated so much and to which you have made so many ground-breaking contributions. I wish I could be there to congratulate you in person to your 60th birthday. As you know, this birthday is known in far eastern cultures as "second birth", signallingthe final arrival in adulthood (which I haven't yet achieved myself!). I am therefore expecting many more important papers and ideas from you, andI am looking forward to seeing you again soon at some other conference. Happy birthday, Yuri! Ulrich*********************************************************************** Ulrich Heinz Tel: +1-614-688 5363 (office) ** Department of Physics +1-614-876 8812 (home) ** The Ohio State University Fax: +1-614-292 7557 ** 191 West Woodruff Avenue email: heinz@mps.ohio-state.edu ** Columbus, OH 43210 office: Phys. Res. Bldg. M2046 ***********************************************************************

fromUlrich Heinz

....and let us see some photos to remind the „old time”...

From mclerran@mac.com Mon Jun 18 16:31:42 2007Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2007 10:19:47 -0400From: Larry McLerran <mclerran@mac.com>To: Jan Pluta <pluta@if.pw.edu.pl>Cc: Dmitri Kharzeev <kharzeev@bnl.gov>Subject: Re: Yu.Sinyukov birthdayFor Yuri Sinyakov on the Occasion of His 60'th Birthday:

Dear Yuri,It is very hard to believe that you are now 60. Time goes by so very fast.I remember the first time I visited Kiev, and had the opportunity to meet you. You were so intense and excited about heavy ion collisions, hydrodynamics and pion interferometry. Since then your work has grown enormously in fame and influence. The work on pion interferometry is truly a classic piece of analysis and I learned this area of physics from you. It has also been influential in the execution of the RHIC experiments and will no doubt be equally so at the LHC.I am sad I cannot be there. I would like to share a glass of vodka with you, and join with you in telling stories of the old days. (How should I put it: When we were young?). I know Alice is thinking of you also. You are one of her favorite physicist friends, and this weekend she said she was sad not to be there with you at your birthday. I hope we will meet this summer, or at latest at Quark Matter in India. Maybe we can ride a camel or an elephant.Happy BirthdayLarry McLerran

From Larry Mc Lerran

From kharzeev@bnl.gov Mon Jun 18 22:42:29 2007Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2007 16:22:13 -0400From: Dmitri Kharzeev <kharzeev@bnl.gov>To: Jan Pluta <pluta@if.pw.edu.pl>Cc: mclerran@bnl.govSubject: Re: Yu.Sinyukov birthdayDear Jan,thank you for your message, I am very happy to congratulate Yuri (see below).Best regards,Dmitri

Dear Yuri,it is a great pleasure for me to congratulate you on your 60th birthday – even though unfortunately I have to do this from the other side of the Atlantic, I am with you in heart on this special day.Even before I met you in person, I knew that you were a truly distinguished physicist, and I learned a lot from your papers. But then I was fortunate to get to know you, and now I know something even more important about you - you are a kind, warm, but also a strong and courageous person, someone whom we are most happy to have as a friend and a teacher.

I wish you happiness, great health, many more scientific achievements, and many more great students. Happy Birthday!Dima Kharzeev

From DmitriKharzeev

From pratts@pa.msu.edu Wed Jun 13 15:56:40 2007Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2007 08:58:47 -0400From: scott pratt <pratts@pa.msu.edu>To: Jan Pluta <pluta@if.pw.edu.pl>

Subject: Re: Yu.Sinyukov birthdayDear Jan,Please express my congratulations to Yuri on his 60th birthday. It is easy to mention the numerous seminal papers and insight he has contributed to the field, but I would most like to express my most sincere gratitude to Yuri for sharing his enthusiasm with all of us. We can all learn a lesson from Yuri, that if we put science above self, everyone benefits and everyone has a lot more fun. Yuri might be turning 60, but he embodies the energy and joy of a child.Aside from being a swell colleague, the second quality I associate with Yuri is ideas. It is hard to count the times when I start to feel pretty smug about a new idea, only to find that Yuri is already a step ahead of me. Yuri is truly one of the pioneers of the HBT community, and his name naturally comes to mind whenever we discuss collective flow, hydrodynamics or phase-space density and entropy.I'm sure we all look forward to many more years of productive, enlightening and inspiring interaction with one of our favorite colleagues.-Scott- ____________________________________________________________________ % Scott Pratt prattsc@msu.edu % Dept. of Physics and Astronomy http://www.pa.msu.edu/~pratts % 4208A BioMedical Physical Sci. Bldg. % Michigan State University (517) 355-9200, ext. 2016 % East Lansing, MI 48824-2320 _________________________________________________________

From Scott Pratt

Уважаемый Юрий Михайлович!От лица сотрудников НИИ ядерной физики

Московского государственного университета им. Л.В. Ломоносова, искренне поздравляем Вас с юбилеем!

От всей души желаем Вам чтобы эта дата стала новой вехой в Вашей творческой деятельности.

Как большому специалисту по импульсным корреляциям желаем Вам, чтобы всё хорошее в Вашей жизни было бы скоррелировано не хуже импульсов адронов при малых поперечных импульсах: успехи в теоретической физике, счастье в семейной жизни и творческое отношение к миру. Ну и конечно крепкого здоровья и долголетия Вам и Вашим близким желаем мы в этот день.

Шестьдесят лет – это означает расцвет творчества, житейскую мудрость и время начинать «собирать камни», оглянуться назад и сказать: «И увидел Я, что это хорошо». А значит, и время задуматься о добром и вечном, укрепиться в вере, надежде и любви. Чего мы Вам также искренне желаем. И пусть еще много юбилеев Вас ждёт, и каждый из них пусть будет ознаменован новыми свершениями и успехами.

С Уважением,

Людмила Сарычева, Лариса Бравина, Евгений Забродин, Игорь Лохтин, Людмида Малинина, Александр Снигирев, Сергей Петрушанко и другие сотрудники НИИЯФ МГУ.

Москва, НИИЯФ МГУ, 2007 г.

From theScientific and Research Inststituteof Nuclear PhysicsofMoscow State University

Happy Birthday, Yuri !!!

Your friends

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