Post on 23-Feb-2016
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From Nationalism to Sectionalism
Chapter 3, section 1
Nationalism and Domestic Policy
New sense of nationalism Economy growing rapidly
“Era of Good Feelings” McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Chief Justice John Marshall sided with national government on issue of national bank
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Gave national government
sole right to regulate interstate commerce (trade between states)
Nationalism and Foreign Policy
Adams-Onis Treaty US acquired Florida and
established boundary between Louisiana Purchase and Spanish territory
Allowed American settlers to travel to Oregon for 10 years
Monroe Doctrine Declared the Americas off-
limits to European colonization
Could view further colonization “as dangerous to our peace and safety”
Missouri Compromise
Missouri petitioned to become state Would upset balance of
slave states and free states (11 each)
Missouri Compromise allowed MO to come in as a slave state with Maine which was a free state
Banned slavery in northern part of Louisiana Territory
Sectionalism (belief in a region being more important than the whole) began to emerge
Age of Jackson
Jackson ran in a close election and lost to John Quincy Adams
Eventually decided in the House of Representatives
Jackson created the Democratic Party and won the next election because Adams was unpopular
Indian Removal Act Called for relocation of five
Indian nations to Indian Territory (west of Mississippi River)
Trail of Tears National Bank
Created to regulate state banks Jackson opposed because
thought Constitution didn’t give Congress the authority to create it
State banks made it easier for poor people to get loans
Jackson ordered secretary of treasury to take money out of national bank and deposit into state banks that were conveniently loyal to him
States Rights
Controversy over powers of federal government vs. state government
10th Amendment Northern states and Southern
states clashed over tariffs on foreign goods
Northern states liked the tariffs to make northern goods more competitive, but Southerners didn’t like paying more
“Nullification Crisis” when South Carolina rejected the new tariffs and threatened to secede if government tried to enforce
Jackson tried to use military force to collect, but Henry Clay worked out compromise to reduce tariffs for 10 years
The Industrial North
Mid-1700s to mid-1800s Industrial Revolution
Steam engines and machines for textiles created in Britain
Made it illegal to leave the country or export a machine
Samuel Slater brought machines to America
Urbanization in the North Roads, canals, railroads all
sprung up Telegraph was patented by
Samuel Morse Sends messages using
electricity through wires Instant communication
Cotton and the South
Eli Whitney’s cotton gin made large-scale cotton production possible Separated the seeds from
the cotton Textile industry in the
North bought cotton to weave into cloth
Demand from Great Britain for cotton
Slavery grew 1810: 1 million slaves 1840: 2.5 million 1/3 of South’s population