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The Industrial RevolutionSpread from BritainNew sources of power, such as steam,
replaced human and animal powerMachines replaced hand toolsEconomy shifted from farming to
manufacturingPopulation shift to cities
Factory systemTextile factories came first Investors lent money (capital) to textile
mill owners so they could build their factories. These investors were called capitalists.
Women and children mostly worked in the factories, 12 hrs a day, 6 days a week
Large dams were constructed to harness even more power from the rivers. Shown below is a dam located in Holyoke, Massachusetts. This dam was 1,019 feet long and could generate 30,000 horsepower.
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~lodonnel/holyoke/holyoke31.html
Children in FactoriesBoys and girls as young as seven would
work 12 hour days in the factories.They were especially useful for
squeezing into the machines to change parts.
One of the spinners in Whitnel Cotton Mill. She was 51 inches high. Has been in the mill one year. Sometimes works at night. Runs 4 sides - 48 cents a day. When asked how old she was, she hesitated, then said, "I don't remember," then added confidentially, "I'm not old enough to work, but do just the same."
The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in." She was working steadily. The mills seem full of youngsters who "just happened in" or "are helping sister."
Workers Stringing Beans, Baltimore, MDJune 7, 1909National Archives and Records AdministrationRecords of the Department of Commerce and Labor, Children's Bureau
Americans move westTurnpikes were built with gravel so
water would shed off themCorduroy roads kept wagons from
sinking in the mudCongress approved money for a
National Road to be built
Steamboat travel could be dangerous
As steamboat captains raced each other along the river, high-pressure boilers sometimes exploded.
Between 1811 and 1851, 44 steam boats collided, 166 burned, and more than 200 exploded!
ERIE CANAL SONGI've got a mule, her name is Sal,
15 miles on the Erie CanalShe's a good old worker and a good old pal,
15 miles on the Erie CanalWe've hauled some barges in our day
filled with lumber, coal and hayAnd we know every inch of the way from
Albany to Buffalo.Chorus:
Low bridge, everybody downLow bridge for we're coming to a town
And you'll always know your neighbor, you'll always know your pal
If you've ever navigated on the Erie Canal.
UnityJames Monroe, a
Revolutionary war hero, hoped to create a sense of national unity with his “era of good feelings”
Division
Jo h n C . C a lh o unS ou th
F o r S la ve ryA g a in st stro ng fe de ra l g ov t.
D a n ie l W e bs te rN o r th
S lav ery w as ev ilF e d g ov t sh ou ld he lp e co n om y
H e nry C layW e s t
F a vo red s tro ng go v t.
3 S e ction a l L ea de rs
The American SystemHenry Clay’s ideaHigh tariffs on imports to protect
American manufacturersThe South didn’t like the plan
Supreme Court expanded federal power
McCulloch v Maryland – states couldn’t interfere with federal institutions (like the National Bank)
Gibbons v Ogden – states couldn’t regulate interstate commerce