Post on 10-Feb-2019
transcript
Classics Department
Rugby School
2017-2019
2017-2019GCSE Latin Verse Literature: vita rustica et urbana; de cultu deorum et vita hominum
Contents: GCSE Latin Verse Set TextAnswering Style questions..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
vita rustica et urbana.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4
Horace, Satires II, 6.79-117 – The City mouse and the Country mouse....................................................................................................................................................................4
Horace, Odes III, 13 – A country spring................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Ovid, Remedia Amoris 175-190 – The Sights, Sounds and Seasons of the Countryside.........................................................................................................................................21
de cultu deorum et vita hominum.............................................................................................................................................................................................................29
Horace, Odes IV,7 – Spring and thoughts of mortality.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Martial, Epigrams X, 47 – Recipe for Happiness..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Each section of the booklet will be tested with comprehension questions, translation and one style point.
Answering Style questions8-mark question: PETAL 10-mark question: PEAR
Point
Example
TranslationAnalysis
Link Pear
Point
Evidence
Analysis
ReasonPETAL
vita rustica et urbanaHorace, Satires II, 6.79-117 – The City mouse and the Country mouse
Pre-learning questions:
1. What do you think this story will be about?
2. What do you think these mice are like?
3. What do you think will happen?
4. The poem is written in the hexameter verse, normally reserved from serious epic stories
about heroes. What do you think that could tell us about the story or, indeed, about the
intentions of the author of the poem, Horace?
5. Horace has included this section into one of his collection of poems called Satires. What is a
Satire?
Please look at the Latin text and its translation and find in Latin the English phrases underlined in the text:
1-11
olim
rusticus urbanum murem mus paupere fertur
accepisse cavo, veterem vetus hospes amicum,
asper et attentus quaesitis, ut tamen artum
solveret hospitiis animum. quid multa? neque ille
sepositi ciceris nec longae invidit avenae,
aridum et ore ferens acinum semesaque lardi
frusta dedit, cupiens varia fastidia cena
vincere tangentis male singula dente superbo,
cum pater ipse domus palea porrectus in horna
esset ador loliumque, dapis meliora relinquens.
Language point:
Highlight all of the words that belong to the GCSE vocabulary list.
Translation:
‘Once a country mouse is said to have entertained a town mouse in his humble mouse hole, an old host is said to have entertained his old friend; he was a rough type and careful with his stores, however he relaxed his thriftiness when entertaining. In short? He begrudged neither the chickpeas he had stored up; nor the long oat and bringing in his mouth dried grape (i.e. raisin), and he gave him half-eaten scraps of bacon, eager to overcome, with a varied meal, the fussiness of the one who was barely touching a single thing with his arrogant tooth; while the master of the house himself, stretched out on this year's chaff, was eating grain and grass, leaving the better parts of the feast.
Phrases to find:
In his humble mouse hole: …………………………………………………………………
Careful with his stores: ………………………………………………………………………
The chickpea he had stored up: …………………………………………………………
Half-eaten scraps of bacon: ……………………………………………………………….
The fussiness of the one who has barely touching a single thing:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Stretched out on this year’s chaff: …………………………………………………….
Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?1. Look at the pattern of the words in the box (CHIASMUS): What do you notice about their arrangement? What do you think Horace wanted to achieve by
arranging the words in that way? What effect does murem mus juxtaposed have (POLYPTOTON)? What can you say about the positioning of rusticus and urbanus (CONTRAST)?
Example: rusticus - urbanum – murem - mus Translation:
Analysis:
2. Please find another chiasmus in this section of the text and explain using the same pattern as in example above. Do you notice anything else?
Example: Translation:
Analysis:
3. List all the things that the country mouse have selected to present to the city mouse.
4. How does Horace make us aware that the country mouse is trying his best to impress the city mouse?
5. Choose Latin words that show the attitude of the city mouse.
6. What effect does pater ipse domus have in the poem?
Please look at the Latin text and find the missing words in the translation using the vocabulary list provided:
12- 22
tandem urbanus ad hunc "quid te iuvat" inquit, "amice,
praerupti nemoris patientem vivere dorso?
vis tu homines urbemque feris praeponere silvis?
carpe viam, mihi crede, comes, terrestria quando
mortalis animas vivunt sortita neque ulla est
aut magno aut parvo leti fuga: quo, bone, circa,
dum licet, in rebus iucundis vive beatus,
vive memor, quam sis aevi brevis." haec ubi dicta
agrestem pepulere, domo levis exsilit; inde
ambo propositum peragunt iter, urbis aventes
moenia nocturni subrepere.
Language point:
Explain the following forms from the text: amice, patientem, magno, vive, agrestem, dicta.
Translation:
At last the city mouse said …………..………………….., "why does it please you,
my friend, to live suffering ……………………………………………………………………...?
Do you wish to prefer ][ to the wild woods?
……………………………………………………, trust me, companion, since the
creatures of the earth having been allotted ……………………………………………….
and there is no escape from death …………………………………………………………….:
for that reason, old chap, while it is possible live blessed in pleasing
circumstance, ……………………………………………………, how short-lived you are."
when these words persuaded the country mouse, …………………………………
……………………….out of his home; both went on their proposed way and were eager by night ………………………………………………………………………….
Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?1. Line 14-15 are predominantly dactylic, i.e. consisting of one long and two short syllables. It adds to the quicker pace to the line. Looking at the context of
the lines, how would you argue that what the city mouse is saying works with this quicker pace?
2. ‘Carpe diem’ (Seize the day) (Horace, Odes, 1.11) vs ‘carpe viam’. How do you understand this similarity?
3. In the lines of 16-17, the city mouse gives a dose of ‘semi-baked’ Epicurean philosophy to the country mouse. Investigate this philosophical school and explain why the city mouse has not interpreted it correctly. The elision in these lines draws attention to it – syllables missing, as the real philosophical teaching is lacking.
4. Quo, bone, circa is a TMESIS, a literary device usually reserved for serious pieces of work, as well as the expression haec ubi dicta. What do you think is the reason they appears here?
5. In line 20, there is a SIBILANCE and ASSONANCE of ‘i’ sound. Identify them and explain how does that make passage more vivid?
6. Can you argue the reasons why mice needed to get into town at night? How does Horace draw our attention to that fact?
Match the words of the translation with the Latin words using either highlighter pens or personalised marks.
23-31
iamque tenebat
nox medium caeli spatium, cum ponit uterque
in locuplete domo vestigia, rubro ubi cocco
tincta super lectos canderet vestis eburnos
multaque de magna superessent fercula cena,
quae procul exstructis inerant hesterna canistris.
ergo ubi purpurea porrectum in veste locavit
agrestem, veluti succinctus cursitat hospes
continuatque dapes nec non verniliter ipsis
fungitur officiis, praelambens omne quod adfert.
Translation
And now night was holding the middle space of the sky (i.e. it was midnight) when
each of them placed their footprints in a wealthy home, where a covering dyed in
bright scarlet was gleaming on top of ivory couches and many dishes of food had
been left over from a great dinner, yesterday's dishes, which were in heaped
baskets close by. Therefore, when he (the town mouse) had placed the country
mouse stretched out on a purple cloth, as host he rushed about like a waiter and
constantly supplied feasts, and, rather slavishly, he performs every duty, pre-
tasting all that he brings.
Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?1. Horace enjoys parodying a lofty and serious style of epic. In the lines 22-23, can identify it?
2. The verb ponit is in the present tense. How does that contribute to making the passage more vivid?
3. Remember the home of the country mouse has been described as paupere cavo, how does Horace draw the contrast between the lifestyles of the two mice? Write down the part of the poem that draws our attention to the wealth of the city house and its food.
4. purpurea porrectum in veste: what makes this expression is this a ridiculous image? Notice the alliteration of ‘p’, too, so we don’t miss it.
5. veluti succinctus cursitat hospes is building drama for us – what image do we have before our eyes? Find the alliteration of ‘c’.
6. nec non – what is the effect of this expression?
7. The noun verna means ‘a slave born in master’s house, i.e loyal slave’, how does that work with city mouse described as verniliter?
8. praelabens omne quod affert: is city mouse a ‘food taster’ or is he a bit greedy? What do you think and why?
Fill in the grid on the next page and then translate the Latin and fill it in below.
32-39 Translation:
ille cubans gaudet mutata sorte bonisque …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
rebus agit laetum convivam, cum subito ingens ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
valvarum strepitus lectis excussit utrumque. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
currere per totum pavidi conclave magisque ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
exanimes trepidare, simul domus alta Molossis …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
personuit canibus. tum rusticus: "haud mihi vita …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
est opus hac" ait et "valeas: me silva cavosque …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
tutus ab insidiis tenui solabitur ervo."' …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Language point:
Explain the following forms:
gaudet, mutata, canibus, personuit, insidiis, solabitur.
Poetic Latin has been arranged here into the normal prose word order (subject-object-verb). All parts are completed for you; you need to add the translation:
POETIC LATIN INTRO WORD SUBJECT(S) OBJECT OTHER BITS VERBille cubans gaudet mutata sorte
NONE Ille cubans NONE mutate sorte gaudet
bonisquerebus agit laetum convivam,
-que [understood] laetum convivam
bonis rebus agit
cum subito ingensvalvarum strepitus lectis excussit utrumque.
Cum subito strepitus ingens
utrum valvarum; lectis excussit
currere per totum pavidi conclave magisque trepidare,
NONE pavidi NONE per + totum conclave; magisque currere; trepidare
simul domus alta Molossispersonuit canibus.
simul domus alta NONE Molossis canibus personuit
tum rusticus: "haud mihi vita est opus hac" ait et
tum rusticus vita haud; mihi ait; est opus hac
"valeas: me silva cavusquetutus ab insidiis tenui solabitur ervo."
NONE silva cavusque tutus
me ab insidiis, tenui ervo solabitur
Additional questions:
How does this picture correspond with what happened in the story?
Find Aesop’s Fable about the two mice. Which one do you prefer and why?
Summarise the story of the city and country mouse below either as in written prose or in pictures.
Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?1. Spondaic metre means that instead of sequence of dactyls, i.e. one long and two short syllables, we have two long ones. Bearing in mind that in the
line 32 we have many spondees, how does that correspond to what is happening in the story?
2. subit(o) ingens… is the dramatic climax emphasised with the elision, powerful vocabulary and emphatic position. Write out a PETAL point below about this.
3. strepitus… magisque: alliteration of ‘s/x’, ‘t’ and ‘c/q’. Looking at the meaning of the line itself, how does it add to the vividness of the situation? What is the reason we might think that the picture painted is comical?
4. currere… trepidare: these are historic infinitives which act in the same way as a historic present. Please explain their use in the box below.
5. Molossis personuit canibus: this is an extinct breed of dogs. Why do you think Horace used dogs rather than cats?
6. 36-37 are heavily dactylic. What effect does that create bearing in mind the meaning of the lines?
7. haud mihi vita est opus hac – simple expression, just practical common sense. How is this congruent with the personality of the country mouse?
8. tenui ervo: how does Horace here emphasise that the country mice is satisfied with simplicity and scarcity of food?
Horace, Odes III, 13 – A country springThis poem also puts forward as theme a life in the country. It is most likely written as a hymn of dedication to a stream that runs through Horace’s Sabine estate. There are several things to point out: religious context and victim, charm of the countryside and pledge that he would make the spring famous by writing this poem.
Please look at the Latin text and find the missing words in the translation using the vocabulary list provided:
1-8
O fons Bandusiae splendidior vitro,
dulci digne mero non sine floribus,
cras donaberis haedo,
cui frons turgida cornibus
primis et venerem et proelia
destinat. 5
Frustra: nam gelidos inficiet tibi
rubro sanguine rivos
lascivi suboles gregis.
Translation
O spring of Bandusia, ……………………………………………….,
worthy of ………………………………. and not [to be] without flowers,
Tomorrow ……………………………………… with a young goat,
whose …………………………., swelling with his first horns
predicts …………………………………………….;
In vain: for the offspring will stain ……………………………………
with his red blood
………………………………………………...
Match the words of the translation with the Latin words using either highlighter pens or personalised marks.
9-16
Te flagrantis atrox hora Caniculae
nescit tangere, tu frigus amabile 10
fessis vomere Tauris
praebes et pecori vago.
Fies nobilium tu quoque fontium
me dicente cavis impositam ilicem
saxis, unde loquaces 15
lymphae desiliunt tuae.
The metre of the poem:
ˉ ˉ ˉ ˘ ˘ ˉ // ˉ ˘ ˘ ˉ ˘ x TRY IT OUT!
ˉ ˉ ˉ ˘ ˘ ˉ // ˉ ˘ ˘ ˉ ˘ x
ˉ ˉ ˉ ˘ ˘ ˉ x
ˉ ˉ ˉ ˘ ˘ ˉ ˘ x
Translation:
The cruel hour of the burning Dog Star (i.e. midday)
does not know how to touch you,
and you provide your lovely cool to bulls warn out
by the ploughshare and to the wandering flock.
You too will become one of the famous springs
with me describing the holm oak located
above your hollow rocks
from where your babbling
waters leap down.
Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?Discussion Questions:
1. With which words does Horace emphasise the religious festival common in the countryside involving wreaths and wine?
2. Discuss the language of sacrifice in the poem.
3. How is the goat characterised? What words describe it? What contrast do you see between the spring and the goat?
4. Discuss the language relating to writing or speech in this poem.
5. Discuss the poem’s positive images and negative images. How do they relate to each other? One of the features that makes Horace’s poetry so memorable is his juxtaposition of contrasting qualities or expectations. How does Horace exploit contrasts to enhance the effect of this poem?
6. What is the relationship between fountain and poet?
7. Discuss the use Horace makes of what seems, on the surface, a straightforward nature poem. What is the real message conveyed in this poem? How else can you interpret the poem? Is it a meditation on life, with all its inexplicable conflicts and resolutions? On nature, where, possibly, balance is kept only through painful sacrifice? How would the details of the poem fit into these interpretations?
8. Poets before Horace paid tribute to such famous springs as Castalia at Delphi, Hippocrene at Helicon and Arethusa at Syracuse for being the metaphorical source of inspiration from which they, as poets, could drink and find artistic expression for their great works. How is Horace’s relation to the spring different according to the last stanza of this poem? Give possible reasons for the reversal of roles. How does the imagery in the last stanza bring the poem to a fitting close? What letters are emphasised?
Notandi causa:
Ovid, Remedia Amoris 175-190 – The Sights, Sounds and Seasons of the CountrysideThis is a section of a longer poem written by Ovid, which instructs Roman youth how to forger and overcome pain of unrequited love. He suggests various activities including travel, hunting, agriculture, avoidance of wine. Among other things, here he presents a ‘chocolate box’ presentation of the countryside. One has to take into consideration the context of this poem, but also the fact that at the time in Rome pastoral poetry was a very popular genre. Find out what is pastoral poetry and discuss how Ovid’s intentions to use the country idyll as a distraction for heartache and painting it in stereotypical terms could be considered a bit tongue-in-cheek?
1-6
Aspice curvatos pomorum pondere ramos,
Ut sua, quod peperit, vix ferat arbor onus;
Aspice labentes iucundo murmure rivos;
Aspice tondentes fertile gramen oves.
Ecce, petunt rupes praeruptaque saxa capellae:
iam referent haedis ubera plena suis;
Translation:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Poetic Latin has been arranged here into the normal prose word order (subject-object-verb). Some parts are completed for you. Using the table below translate the Latin and fill in the space provided next to the Latin in the previous section.
POETIC LATIN INTRO WORD
SUBJECT(S) OBJECT OTHER BITS VERB
aspice curvatos pomorum pondere ramos,
NONE [tu understood]………………………………………………
pondere pomorum………………………………..
ut sua, quod peperit, vix ferat arbor onus;
ut…………………………….
onus, quod peperit vix ferat
aspice labentes iucundo murmure rivos;
NONE [tu understood]……………………………………………. ………………………………………………
aspice
aspice tondentes fertile gramen oves.
NONE………………………..
oves tondentes > fertile gramen
NONE aspice
ecce, petunt rupes praeruptaque saxa capellae:
ecce capellae Rupes praeruptaque saxa NONE……………………………………
iam referent haedis ubera plena suis;
iam [understood]………………………………………….
haedis suis referent
Language point:
1. What is the form of aspice?
2. What other meanings for petunt do you know?
3. Give English derivative of curvatos and explain the connection with its Latin meaning.
Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?1. The metre is Elegiac couplet – a hexameter followed by a pentameter. The first line is mainly spondaic, discuss
with your group what effect do you think this makes and why would Ovid think it is appropriate to use it here?
2. Repeating a word at the beginning of the phrase is called ANAPHORA. Find in the first section of the poem. To what effect is Ovid using it?
3. The word onus is at the end of the line, why does Ovid want to emphasise this word?
4. Line 3 is again spondaic and it has chiasmus – make an argument again for the purpose of this. Make sure you use PETAL in your answer.
5. tondentes [fertile gramen] oves – ‘the sheep grazing on the lush grass’: to what effect does Ovid uses the word order in this line? Can you says something more about the word oves?
6. ecce petunt rupes praeruptaque saxa capellae: read out the line aloud. What do you notice?
7. haedis ubera plena suis: can you identify the stylistic feature in these words?
8. curvatos, iucundo, fertile, praerupta, plena are all adjectives. To what effect Ovid does use them?
Fill in the translation using the table below.
7-14
Pastor inaequali modulatur harundine carmen,
Nec desunt comites, sedula turba, canes;
Parte sonant alia silvae mugitibus altae,
Et queritur vitulum mater abesse suum.
Poma dat autumnus: formosa est messibus
aestas:
Ver praebet flores: igne levatur hiems.
Temporibus certis maturam rusticus uvam
Deligit, et nudo sub pede musta fluunt;
T ranslation
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Poetic Latin has been arranged here into the normal prose word order (subject-object-verb). You have to fill most of the table yourself. Using the table below translate the Latin and fill in the space provided next to the Latin in the previous section.
POETIC LATIN INTRO WORD
SUBJECT(S) OBJECT OTHER BITS VERB
pastor inaequali modulatur harundine carmen
inaequali harundine
nec desunt comites, sedula turba, canes ……………………..,
sedula turba
parte sonant alia silvae mugitibus altae
mugitibus
et queritur vitulum mater abesse suum
et queritur
poma dat autumnus: autumnus
formosa est messibus aestas
aestas
ver praebet flores ver
igne levatur hiems. hiems
temporibus certis maturam rusticus uvam deligit, et nudo sub pede musta fluunt
maturam uvam:
musta:
deligit:
fluunt:
Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?1. Look at what LITOTES means, can you find it in the text? In conjunction with canes in emphatic position, write the analysis of this line.
2. queritur vitulum mater: how does Ovid create sympathy in this line?
3. How does Ovid use his language to emphasise each of the seasons?
4. Line 13 is heavily spondaic. Explain its effect.
5. Line 14 is referring to the treading of grapes to make wine. How does Ovid emphasise this sequence of this process?
Notandi causa:
de cultu deorum et vita hominum Horace, Odes IV,7 – Spring and thoughts of mortalityThis is another of Horace’s Odes. However, although it starts optimistically, there is more pessimism in this poem probably due to Horace writing it closer to the end of his life.
Fill in the missing words.
1-13
Diffugere nives, redeunt iam gramina campis
arboribus comae;
mutat terra vices et decrescentia ripas
flumina praetereunt;
Gratia cum Nymphis geminisque sororibus audit 5
ducere nuda chorus.
Inmortalia ne speres, monet annus et almum
quae rapit hora diem.
Frigora mitescunt Zephyris, ver proterit aestas,
interitura simul 10
pomifer autumnus fruges effuderit, et mox
bruma recurrit iners.
Damna tamen celeres reparant caelestia lunae:
Translation
The snows has disappeared, now …………………………. returns to the fields
and ………………………….. to the trees;
the earth ……………………………….. its seasons and the decreasing rivers
……………………………… between their banks;
a Grace, with …………………………………………………………………. dares
to lead the dancing, ……………………………..
The year and the hour, which …………………………………… the life-giving day,
warns you not to hope …………………………………………………;
The cold is lessened ………………………. the summer tramples on spring,
itself about to be trampled on …………………………………...
……………………………………………. pours out crops, and soon
………………………….. winter returns.
However, the ……………………………………….. make up the losses in the sky:
Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?Look at the Latin highlighted forms, identify the stylistic features and provide analysis for them.
Fill in the translation using the table below.
14-28
nos ubi decidimus
quo pater Aeneas, quo dives Tullus et Ancus, 15
puluis et umbra sumus.
Quis scit an adiciant hodiernae crastina summae
tempora di superi?
Cuncta manus avidas fugient heredis, amico
quae dederis animo. 20
Cum semel occideris et de te splendida Minos
fecerit arbitria,
non, Torquate, genus, non te facundia, non te
restituet pietas;
infernis neque enim tenebris Diana pudicum 25
liberat Hippolytum,
nec Lethaea valet Theseus abrumpere caro
vincula Pirithoo.
T ranslation
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Poetic Latin has been arranged here into the normal prose word order (subject-object-verb). You have to fill the whole table yourself. Then using the table below translate the Latin and fill in the space provided next to the Latin in the previous section.
POETIC LATIN INTRO WORD
SUBJECT(S) OBJECT OTHER BITS VERB
nos ubi decidimusquo pater Aeneas, quo dives Tullus et Ancus, puluis et umbra sumus.Quis scit an adiciant hodiernae crastina summa tempora di superi?Cuncta manus avidas fugient heredis, amico quae dederis animo.Cum semel occideris et de te splendida Minos fecerit arbitrianon, Torquate, genus, non te facundia, non te restituet pietasinfernis neque enim tenebris Diana pudicum liberat Hippolytumnec Lethaea valet Theseus abrumpere caro vincula Pirithoo
Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?
1. Find out more about these characters:
a) Aeneas
b) Tullus
c) Ancus
d) Minos
e) Torquatus
f) Diana and Hippolytus
g) Theseus, Pirithous and Lethe
2. Why does Horace uses examples from mythology?
3. Find a rhetorical question.
4. Find a metaphor.
5. Find an anaphora.
6. Find a tricolon (with spondees!)
Notandi causa:
Martial, Epigrams X, 47 – Recipe for HappinessUse the vocabulary booklet and translate this poem on your own.
Vitam quae faciant beatiorem,
Iucundissime Martialis, haec sunt:
Res non parta labore, sed relicta;
Non ingratus ager, focus perennis;
Lis numquam, toga rara, mens quieta; 5
Vires ingenuae, salubre corpus;
Prudens simplicitas, pares amici;
Convictus facilis, sine arte mensa;
Nox non ebria, sed soluta curis;
Non tristis torus, et tamen pudicus; 10
Somnus, qui faciat breves tenebras:
Quod sis, esse velis nihilque malis;
Summum nec metuas diem nec optes.
Translation:
………………………………………………………………………………
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Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?
Answer the question above. Don’t forget to use PETAL. Make a note on the Latin text of any stylistic features you found.
Fill in the table:
Style point Explanation author, poem and the relevant linealliteration
anaphora
assonance
asyndeton
chiasmus
dactyl
elision
epic expression
epicureanism
epithet
hendiadys
historic present
historic infinitive
hyperbole
juxtaposition
litotes
metaphor
paradox
personification
polyptoton
polysyndeton
rhetorical question
sibilance
spondee
synchysis
synecdoche
tmesis
Summarise briefly each of the poems:
vita rustica et urbana
Horace, Satires II, 6.79-117 – The City mouse and the Country mouse
Horace, Odes III, 13 – A country spring
Ovid, Remedia Amoris 175-190 – The Sights, Sounds and Seasons of the Countryside
de cultu deorum et vita hominum
Horace, Odes IV,7 – Spring and thoughts of mortality
Martial, Epigrams X, 47 – Recipe for Happiness