Classics Department

Rugby School

2017-2019

2017-2019GCSE Latin Verse Literature: vita rustica et urbana; de cultu deorum et vita hominum

Contents: GCSE Latin Verse Set TextAnswering Style questions..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................3

vita rustica et urbana.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4

Horace, Satires II, 6.79-117 – The City mouse and the Country mouse....................................................................................................................................................................4

Horace, Odes III, 13 – A country spring................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16

Ovid, Remedia Amoris 175-190 – The Sights, Sounds and Seasons of the Countryside.........................................................................................................................................21

de cultu deorum et vita hominum.............................................................................................................................................................................................................29

Horace, Odes IV,7 – Spring and thoughts of mortality.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Martial, Epigrams X, 47 – Recipe for Happiness..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Each section of the booklet will be tested with comprehension questions, translation and one style point.

Answering Style questions8-mark question: PETAL 10-mark question: PEAR

Point

Example

TranslationAnalysis

Link Pear

Point

Evidence

Analysis

ReasonPETAL

vita rustica et urbanaHorace, Satires II, 6.79-117 – The City mouse and the Country mouse

Pre-learning questions:

1. What do you think this story will be about?

2. What do you think these mice are like?

3. What do you think will happen?

4. The poem is written in the hexameter verse, normally reserved from serious epic stories

about heroes. What do you think that could tell us about the story or, indeed, about the

intentions of the author of the poem, Horace?

5. Horace has included this section into one of his collection of poems called Satires. What is a

Satire?

Please look at the Latin text and its translation and find in Latin the English phrases underlined in the text:

1-11

olim

rusticus urbanum murem mus paupere fertur

accepisse cavo, veterem vetus hospes amicum,

asper et attentus quaesitis, ut tamen artum

solveret hospitiis animum. quid multa? neque ille

sepositi ciceris nec longae invidit avenae,

aridum et ore ferens acinum semesaque lardi

frusta dedit, cupiens varia fastidia cena

vincere tangentis male singula dente superbo,

cum pater ipse domus palea porrectus in horna

esset ador loliumque, dapis meliora relinquens.

Language point:

Highlight all of the words that belong to the GCSE vocabulary list.

Translation:

‘Once a country mouse is said to have entertained a town mouse in his humble mouse hole, an old host is said to have entertained his old friend; he was a rough type and careful with his stores, however he relaxed his thriftiness when entertaining. In short? He begrudged neither the chickpeas he had stored up; nor the long oat and bringing in his mouth dried grape (i.e. raisin), and he gave him half-eaten scraps of bacon, eager to overcome, with a varied meal, the fussiness of the one who was barely touching a single thing with his arrogant tooth; while the master of the house himself, stretched out on this year's chaff, was eating grain and grass, leaving the better parts of the feast.

Phrases to find:

In his humble mouse hole: …………………………………………………………………

Careful with his stores: ………………………………………………………………………

The chickpea he had stored up: …………………………………………………………

Half-eaten scraps of bacon: ……………………………………………………………….

The fussiness of the one who has barely touching a single thing:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Stretched out on this year’s chaff: …………………………………………………….

Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?1. Look at the pattern of the words in the box (CHIASMUS): What do you notice about their arrangement? What do you think Horace wanted to achieve by

arranging the words in that way? What effect does murem mus juxtaposed have (POLYPTOTON)? What can you say about the positioning of rusticus and urbanus (CONTRAST)?

Example: rusticus - urbanum – murem - mus Translation:

Analysis:

2. Please find another chiasmus in this section of the text and explain using the same pattern as in example above. Do you notice anything else?

Example: Translation:

Analysis:

3. List all the things that the country mouse have selected to present to the city mouse.

4. How does Horace make us aware that the country mouse is trying his best to impress the city mouse?

5. Choose Latin words that show the attitude of the city mouse.

6. What effect does pater ipse domus have in the poem?

Please look at the Latin text and find the missing words in the translation using the vocabulary list provided:

12- 22

tandem urbanus ad hunc "quid te iuvat" inquit, "amice,

praerupti nemoris patientem vivere dorso?

vis tu homines urbemque feris praeponere silvis?

carpe viam, mihi crede, comes, terrestria quando

mortalis animas vivunt sortita neque ulla est

aut magno aut parvo leti fuga: quo, bone, circa,

dum licet, in rebus iucundis vive beatus,

vive memor, quam sis aevi brevis." haec ubi dicta

agrestem pepulere, domo levis exsilit; inde

ambo propositum peragunt iter, urbis aventes

moenia nocturni subrepere.

Language point:

Explain the following forms from the text: amice, patientem, magno, vive, agrestem, dicta.

Translation:

At last the city mouse said …………..………………….., "why does it please you,

my friend, to live suffering ……………………………………………………………………...?

Do you wish to prefer ][ to the wild woods?

……………………………………………………, trust me, companion, since the

creatures of the earth having been allotted ……………………………………………….

and there is no escape from death …………………………………………………………….:

for that reason, old chap, while it is possible live blessed in pleasing

circumstance, ……………………………………………………, how short-lived you are."

when these words persuaded the country mouse, …………………………………

……………………….out of his home; both went on their proposed way and were eager by night ………………………………………………………………………….

Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?1. Line 14-15 are predominantly dactylic, i.e. consisting of one long and two short syllables. It adds to the quicker pace to the line. Looking at the context of

the lines, how would you argue that what the city mouse is saying works with this quicker pace?

2. ‘Carpe diem’ (Seize the day) (Horace, Odes, 1.11) vs ‘carpe viam’. How do you understand this similarity?

3. In the lines of 16-17, the city mouse gives a dose of ‘semi-baked’ Epicurean philosophy to the country mouse. Investigate this philosophical school and explain why the city mouse has not interpreted it correctly. The elision in these lines draws attention to it – syllables missing, as the real philosophical teaching is lacking.

4. Quo, bone, circa is a TMESIS, a literary device usually reserved for serious pieces of work, as well as the expression haec ubi dicta. What do you think is the reason they appears here?

5. In line 20, there is a SIBILANCE and ASSONANCE of ‘i’ sound. Identify them and explain how does that make passage more vivid?

6. Can you argue the reasons why mice needed to get into town at night? How does Horace draw our attention to that fact?

Match the words of the translation with the Latin words using either highlighter pens or personalised marks.

23-31

iamque tenebat

nox medium caeli spatium, cum ponit uterque

in locuplete domo vestigia, rubro ubi cocco

tincta super lectos canderet vestis eburnos

multaque de magna superessent fercula cena,

quae procul exstructis inerant hesterna canistris.

ergo ubi purpurea porrectum in veste locavit

agrestem, veluti succinctus cursitat hospes

continuatque dapes nec non verniliter ipsis

fungitur officiis, praelambens omne quod adfert.

Translation

And now night was holding the middle space of the sky (i.e. it was midnight) when

each of them placed their footprints in a wealthy home, where a covering dyed in

bright scarlet was gleaming on top of ivory couches and many dishes of food had

been left over from a great dinner, yesterday's dishes, which were in heaped

baskets close by. Therefore, when he (the town mouse) had placed the country

mouse stretched out on a purple cloth, as host he rushed about like a waiter and

constantly supplied feasts, and, rather slavishly, he performs every duty, pre-

tasting all that he brings.

Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?1. Horace enjoys parodying a lofty and serious style of epic. In the lines 22-23, can identify it?

2. The verb ponit is in the present tense. How does that contribute to making the passage more vivid?

3. Remember the home of the country mouse has been described as paupere cavo, how does Horace draw the contrast between the lifestyles of the two mice? Write down the part of the poem that draws our attention to the wealth of the city house and its food.

4. purpurea porrectum in veste: what makes this expression is this a ridiculous image? Notice the alliteration of ‘p’, too, so we don’t miss it.

5. veluti succinctus cursitat hospes is building drama for us – what image do we have before our eyes? Find the alliteration of ‘c’.

6. nec non – what is the effect of this expression?

7. The noun verna means ‘a slave born in master’s house, i.e loyal slave’, how does that work with city mouse described as verniliter?

8. praelabens omne quod affert: is city mouse a ‘food taster’ or is he a bit greedy? What do you think and why?

Fill in the grid on the next page and then translate the Latin and fill it in below.

32-39 Translation:

ille cubans gaudet mutata sorte bonisque …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

rebus agit laetum convivam, cum subito ingens ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

valvarum strepitus lectis excussit utrumque. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

currere per totum pavidi conclave magisque ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

exanimes trepidare, simul domus alta Molossis …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

personuit canibus. tum rusticus: "haud mihi vita …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

est opus hac" ait et "valeas: me silva cavosque …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

tutus ab insidiis tenui solabitur ervo."' …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Language point:

Explain the following forms:

gaudet, mutata, canibus, personuit, insidiis, solabitur.

Poetic Latin has been arranged here into the normal prose word order (subject-object-verb). All parts are completed for you; you need to add the translation:

POETIC LATIN INTRO WORD SUBJECT(S) OBJECT OTHER BITS VERBille cubans gaudet mutata sorte

NONE Ille cubans NONE mutate sorte gaudet

bonisquerebus agit laetum convivam,

-que [understood] laetum convivam

bonis rebus agit

cum subito ingensvalvarum strepitus lectis excussit utrumque.

Cum subito strepitus ingens

utrum valvarum; lectis excussit

currere per totum pavidi conclave magisque trepidare,

NONE pavidi NONE per + totum conclave; magisque currere; trepidare

simul domus alta Molossispersonuit canibus.

simul domus alta NONE Molossis canibus personuit

tum rusticus: "haud mihi vita est opus hac" ait et

tum rusticus vita haud; mihi ait; est opus hac

"valeas: me silva cavusquetutus ab insidiis tenui solabitur ervo."

NONE silva cavusque tutus

me ab insidiis, tenui ervo solabitur

Additional questions:

How does this picture correspond with what happened in the story?

Find Aesop’s Fable about the two mice. Which one do you prefer and why?

Summarise the story of the city and country mouse below either as in written prose or in pictures.

Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?1. Spondaic metre means that instead of sequence of dactyls, i.e. one long and two short syllables, we have two long ones. Bearing in mind that in the

line 32 we have many spondees, how does that correspond to what is happening in the story?

2. subit(o) ingens… is the dramatic climax emphasised with the elision, powerful vocabulary and emphatic position. Write out a PETAL point below about this.

3. strepitus… magisque: alliteration of ‘s/x’, ‘t’ and ‘c/q’. Looking at the meaning of the line itself, how does it add to the vividness of the situation? What is the reason we might think that the picture painted is comical?

4. currere… trepidare: these are historic infinitives which act in the same way as a historic present. Please explain their use in the box below.

5. Molossis personuit canibus: this is an extinct breed of dogs. Why do you think Horace used dogs rather than cats?

6. 36-37 are heavily dactylic. What effect does that create bearing in mind the meaning of the lines?

7. haud mihi vita est opus hac – simple expression, just practical common sense. How is this congruent with the personality of the country mouse?

8. tenui ervo: how does Horace here emphasise that the country mice is satisfied with simplicity and scarcity of food?

Horace, Odes III, 13 – A country springThis poem also puts forward as theme a life in the country. It is most likely written as a hymn of dedication to a stream that runs through Horace’s Sabine estate. There are several things to point out: religious context and victim, charm of the countryside and pledge that he would make the spring famous by writing this poem.

Please look at the Latin text and find the missing words in the translation using the vocabulary list provided:

1-8

O fons Bandusiae splendidior vitro,

dulci digne mero non sine floribus,

cras donaberis haedo,

cui frons turgida cornibus

primis et venerem et proelia

destinat. 5

Frustra: nam gelidos inficiet tibi

rubro sanguine rivos

lascivi suboles gregis.

Translation

O spring of Bandusia, ……………………………………………….,

worthy of ………………………………. and not [to be] without flowers,

Tomorrow ……………………………………… with a young goat,

whose …………………………., swelling with his first horns

predicts …………………………………………….;

In vain: for the offspring will stain ……………………………………

with his red blood

………………………………………………...

Match the words of the translation with the Latin words using either highlighter pens or personalised marks.

9-16

Te flagrantis atrox hora Caniculae

nescit tangere, tu frigus amabile 10

fessis vomere Tauris

praebes et pecori vago.

Fies nobilium tu quoque fontium

me dicente cavis impositam ilicem

saxis, unde loquaces 15

lymphae desiliunt tuae.

The metre of the poem:

ˉ ˉ ˉ ˘ ˘ ˉ // ˉ ˘ ˘ ˉ ˘ x TRY IT OUT!

ˉ ˉ ˉ ˘ ˘ ˉ // ˉ ˘ ˘ ˉ ˘ x

ˉ ˉ ˉ ˘ ˘ ˉ x

ˉ ˉ ˉ ˘ ˘ ˉ ˘ x

Translation:

The cruel hour of the burning Dog Star (i.e. midday)

does not know how to touch you,

and you provide your lovely cool to bulls warn out

by the ploughshare and to the wandering flock.

You too will become one of the famous springs

with me describing the holm oak located

above your hollow rocks

from where your babbling

waters leap down.

Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?Discussion Questions:

1. With which words does Horace emphasise the religious festival common in the countryside involving wreaths and wine?

2. Discuss the language of sacrifice in the poem.

3. How is the goat characterised? What words describe it? What contrast do you see between the spring and the goat?

4. Discuss the language relating to writing or speech in this poem.

5. Discuss the poem’s positive images and negative images. How do they relate to each other? One of the features that makes Horace’s poetry so memorable is his juxtaposition of contrasting qualities or expectations. How does Horace exploit contrasts to enhance the effect of this poem?

6. What is the relationship between fountain and poet?

7. Discuss the use Horace makes of what seems, on the surface, a straightforward nature poem. What is the real message conveyed in this poem? How else can you interpret the poem? Is it a meditation on life, with all its inexplicable conflicts and resolutions? On nature, where, possibly, balance is kept only through painful sacrifice? How would the details of the poem fit into these interpretations?

8. Poets before Horace paid tribute to such famous springs as Castalia at Delphi, Hippocrene at Helicon and Arethusa at Syracuse for being the metaphorical source of inspiration from which they, as poets, could drink and find artistic expression for their great works. How is Horace’s relation to the spring different according to the last stanza of this poem? Give possible reasons for the reversal of roles. How does the imagery in the last stanza bring the poem to a fitting close? What letters are emphasised?

Notandi causa:

Ovid, Remedia Amoris 175-190 – The Sights, Sounds and Seasons of the CountrysideThis is a section of a longer poem written by Ovid, which instructs Roman youth how to forger and overcome pain of unrequited love. He suggests various activities including travel, hunting, agriculture, avoidance of wine. Among other things, here he presents a ‘chocolate box’ presentation of the countryside. One has to take into consideration the context of this poem, but also the fact that at the time in Rome pastoral poetry was a very popular genre. Find out what is pastoral poetry and discuss how Ovid’s intentions to use the country idyll as a distraction for heartache and painting it in stereotypical terms could be considered a bit tongue-in-cheek?

1-6

Aspice curvatos pomorum pondere ramos,

Ut sua, quod peperit, vix ferat arbor onus;

Aspice labentes iucundo murmure rivos;

Aspice tondentes fertile gramen oves.

Ecce, petunt rupes praeruptaque saxa capellae:

iam referent haedis ubera plena suis;

Translation:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………...............................................................

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Poetic Latin has been arranged here into the normal prose word order (subject-object-verb). Some parts are completed for you. Using the table below translate the Latin and fill in the space provided next to the Latin in the previous section.

POETIC LATIN INTRO WORD

SUBJECT(S) OBJECT OTHER BITS VERB

aspice curvatos pomorum pondere ramos,

NONE [tu understood]………………………………………………

pondere pomorum………………………………..

ut sua, quod peperit, vix ferat arbor onus;

ut…………………………….

onus, quod peperit vix ferat

aspice labentes iucundo murmure rivos;

NONE [tu understood]……………………………………………. ………………………………………………

aspice

aspice tondentes fertile gramen oves.

NONE………………………..

oves tondentes > fertile gramen

NONE aspice

ecce, petunt rupes praeruptaque saxa capellae:

ecce capellae Rupes praeruptaque saxa NONE……………………………………

iam referent haedis ubera plena suis;

iam [understood]………………………………………….

haedis suis referent

Language point:

1. What is the form of aspice?

2. What other meanings for petunt do you know?

3. Give English derivative of curvatos and explain the connection with its Latin meaning.

Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?1. The metre is Elegiac couplet – a hexameter followed by a pentameter. The first line is mainly spondaic, discuss

with your group what effect do you think this makes and why would Ovid think it is appropriate to use it here?

2. Repeating a word at the beginning of the phrase is called ANAPHORA. Find in the first section of the poem. To what effect is Ovid using it?

3. The word onus is at the end of the line, why does Ovid want to emphasise this word?

4. Line 3 is again spondaic and it has chiasmus – make an argument again for the purpose of this. Make sure you use PETAL in your answer.

5. tondentes [fertile gramen] oves – ‘the sheep grazing on the lush grass’: to what effect does Ovid uses the word order in this line? Can you says something more about the word oves?

6. ecce petunt rupes praeruptaque saxa capellae: read out the line aloud. What do you notice?

7. haedis ubera plena suis: can you identify the stylistic feature in these words?

8. curvatos, iucundo, fertile, praerupta, plena are all adjectives. To what effect Ovid does use them?

Fill in the translation using the table below.

7-14

Pastor inaequali modulatur harundine carmen,

Nec desunt comites, sedula turba, canes;

Parte sonant alia silvae mugitibus altae,

Et queritur vitulum mater abesse suum.

Poma dat autumnus: formosa est messibus

aestas:

Ver praebet flores: igne levatur hiems.

Temporibus certis maturam rusticus uvam

Deligit, et nudo sub pede musta fluunt;

T ranslation

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………...............................................................

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Poetic Latin has been arranged here into the normal prose word order (subject-object-verb). You have to fill most of the table yourself. Using the table below translate the Latin and fill in the space provided next to the Latin in the previous section.

POETIC LATIN INTRO WORD

SUBJECT(S) OBJECT OTHER BITS VERB

pastor inaequali modulatur harundine carmen

inaequali harundine

nec desunt comites, sedula turba, canes ……………………..,

sedula turba

parte sonant alia silvae mugitibus altae

mugitibus

et queritur vitulum mater abesse suum

et queritur

poma dat autumnus: autumnus

formosa est messibus aestas

aestas

ver praebet flores ver

igne levatur hiems. hiems

temporibus certis maturam rusticus uvam deligit, et nudo sub pede musta fluunt

maturam uvam:

musta:

deligit:

fluunt:

Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?1. Look at what LITOTES means, can you find it in the text? In conjunction with canes in emphatic position, write the analysis of this line.

2. queritur vitulum mater: how does Ovid create sympathy in this line?

3. How does Ovid use his language to emphasise each of the seasons?

4. Line 13 is heavily spondaic. Explain its effect.

5. Line 14 is referring to the treading of grapes to make wine. How does Ovid emphasise this sequence of this process?

Notandi causa:

de cultu deorum et vita hominum Horace, Odes IV,7 – Spring and thoughts of mortalityThis is another of Horace’s Odes. However, although it starts optimistically, there is more pessimism in this poem probably due to Horace writing it closer to the end of his life.

Fill in the missing words.

1-13

Diffugere nives, redeunt iam gramina campis

arboribus comae;

mutat terra vices et decrescentia ripas

flumina praetereunt;

Gratia cum Nymphis geminisque sororibus audit 5

ducere nuda chorus.

Inmortalia ne speres, monet annus et almum

quae rapit hora diem.

Frigora mitescunt Zephyris, ver proterit aestas,

interitura simul 10

pomifer autumnus fruges effuderit, et mox

bruma recurrit iners.

Damna tamen celeres reparant caelestia lunae:

Translation

The snows has disappeared, now …………………………. returns to the fields

and ………………………….. to the trees;

the earth ……………………………….. its seasons and the decreasing rivers

……………………………… between their banks;

a Grace, with …………………………………………………………………. dares

to lead the dancing, ……………………………..

The year and the hour, which …………………………………… the life-giving day,

warns you not to hope …………………………………………………;

The cold is lessened ………………………. the summer tramples on spring,

itself about to be trampled on …………………………………...

……………………………………………. pours out crops, and soon

………………………….. winter returns.

However, the ……………………………………….. make up the losses in the sky:

Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?Look at the Latin highlighted forms, identify the stylistic features and provide analysis for them.

Fill in the translation using the table below.

14-28

nos ubi decidimus

quo pater Aeneas, quo dives Tullus et Ancus, 15

puluis et umbra sumus.

Quis scit an adiciant hodiernae crastina summae

tempora di superi?

Cuncta manus avidas fugient heredis, amico

quae dederis animo. 20

Cum semel occideris et de te splendida Minos

fecerit arbitria,

non, Torquate, genus, non te facundia, non te

restituet pietas;

infernis neque enim tenebris Diana pudicum 25

liberat Hippolytum,

nec Lethaea valet Theseus abrumpere caro

vincula Pirithoo.

T ranslation

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

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Poetic Latin has been arranged here into the normal prose word order (subject-object-verb). You have to fill the whole table yourself. Then using the table below translate the Latin and fill in the space provided next to the Latin in the previous section.

POETIC LATIN INTRO WORD

SUBJECT(S) OBJECT OTHER BITS VERB

nos ubi decidimusquo pater Aeneas, quo dives Tullus et Ancus, puluis et umbra sumus.Quis scit an adiciant hodiernae crastina summa tempora di superi?Cuncta manus avidas fugient heredis, amico quae dederis animo.Cum semel occideris et de te splendida Minos fecerit arbitrianon, Torquate, genus, non te facundia, non te restituet pietasinfernis neque enim tenebris Diana pudicum liberat Hippolytumnec Lethaea valet Theseus abrumpere caro vincula Pirithoo

Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?

1. Find out more about these characters:

a) Aeneas

b) Tullus

c) Ancus

d) Minos

e) Torquatus

f) Diana and Hippolytus

g) Theseus, Pirithous and Lethe

2. Why does Horace uses examples from mythology?

3. Find a rhetorical question.

4. Find a metaphor.

5. Find an anaphora.

6. Find a tricolon (with spondees!)

Notandi causa:

Martial, Epigrams X, 47 – Recipe for HappinessUse the vocabulary booklet and translate this poem on your own.

Vitam quae faciant beatiorem,

Iucundissime Martialis, haec sunt:

Res non parta labore, sed relicta;

Non ingratus ager, focus perennis;

Lis numquam, toga rara, mens quieta; 5

Vires ingenuae, salubre corpus;

Prudens simplicitas, pares amici;

Convictus facilis, sine arte mensa;

Nox non ebria, sed soluta curis;

Non tristis torus, et tamen pudicus; 10

Somnus, qui faciat breves tenebras:

Quod sis, esse velis nihilque malis;

Summum nec metuas diem nec optes.

Translation:

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

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……………………………………………

……..……………………………………..

Style, i.e. how does the author makes this passage more interesting?

Answer the question above. Don’t forget to use PETAL. Make a note on the Latin text of any stylistic features you found.

Fill in the table:

Style point Explanation author, poem and the relevant linealliteration

anaphora

assonance

asyndeton

chiasmus

dactyl

elision

epic expression

epicureanism

epithet

hendiadys

historic present

historic infinitive

hyperbole

juxtaposition

litotes

metaphor

paradox

personification

polyptoton

polysyndeton

rhetorical question

sibilance

spondee

synchysis

synecdoche

tmesis

Summarise briefly each of the poems:

vita rustica et urbana

Horace, Satires II, 6.79-117 – The City mouse and the Country mouse

Horace, Odes III, 13 – A country spring

Ovid, Remedia Amoris 175-190 – The Sights, Sounds and Seasons of the Countryside

de cultu deorum et vita hominum

Horace, Odes IV,7 – Spring and thoughts of mortality

Martial, Epigrams X, 47 – Recipe for Happiness