Post on 01-Nov-2014
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Masculine andFeminine Sports
Kimberly Vivian
T and H:
Topic: Masculine and Feminine Sports
Hypothesis: There is a higher chance of women athletes who play "masculine" sports because it is less frowned upon than a male playing a "feminine" sport.
Important Terms:Masculinity:
Masculinity is conveyed as a sport that has physical contact, running, and is more physically demanding towards the athletes.
Femininity: Feminine sports are conveyed as non-contact sports, and sports that include more “showier” attires. These sports usually derive from masculine sports or revolve around the male sport.
Examples of Masculine Sports:Football, baseball, basketball
Examples of Feminine Sports: Cheerleading, volleyball, softball
Related Research Findings& Background:
• Billings, Angelini, and Duke 2010– More media time was given to male Olympic athletes
than female Olympic athletes.– US female and male athletes received the same
amounts of medals..
• Alley and Hicks 2005– The more aggressive the sport is, the more masculine
it is seen to adolescents. – There are stereotypes for masculine and feminine
sports.– Females who play masculine sports are more
masculine than females who play feminine sports. Same with males.
• Kimmel 2010– Title IX has helped females with monetary equality in
school sports.
• Convenient Sampling• SurveyMonkey.com • Gender:– Male: 8 (50%)– Female: 8 (50%)
• Age: – 18-22 years old: 13 (81%)– 23-27 years old: 1 (6.3%)– 28-32 years old: 0 (0%)– 33-37 years old: 0 (0%)– 38+ years old: 2 (12.5%)
Survey:
Male Female02468
Gender
18-22 years old
23-27 years old
28-32 years old
33-37 years old
38+ years old
0
4
8
12
AgeN
umbe
r of P
eopl
e
Survey (cont.):• Play a Sport?– Yes: 14 (87.5%)– No: 2 (12.5%)
• Sports Played?– Golf: 6 (38%)– Volleyball: 3 (19%)– Basketball: 3 (19%) – Baseball: 2 (13 %)– Soccer: 1 (6 %)– Softball: 1 (6 %)– Rugby: 1 (6 %)
Yes No0
5
10
15
Play a Sport
35%
18%
18%
12%6%
6%6%
Sport
Golf Volleyball BasketballBaseball Soccer SoftballSki
Results:
Cheerleading
Football
Basketball
Baseball
Softball
Soccer
Golf
Volleyball
0
2
4
6
8
10
Gender Sports
MaleFemale
Sport
Num
ber o
f Ind
ivid
uals
Who
Vot
ed fo
r Sp
ecifi
c Sp
orts
wit
h G
ende
r
This graph shows: Cheerleading (Male: 0; Female: 2); Football (Male: 10; Female: 0); Basketball (Male: 3; Female: 1); Baseball (Male: 6; Female: 0); Softball (Male: 1; Female: 5); Soccer (Male: 2; Female: 1); Golf (Male: 1; Female: 0); Volleyball (Male: 0; Female: 3).
Yes No0
2
4
6
8
10
Cultural Influence
Agree or Disagree
Num
ber o
f Peo
ple
Results:
This graph shows: 10 people believe culture has an influence on what classifies a feminine and masculine sport. 6 disagree there is any relation between culture and influence.
Confounding Variables:
1. Not enough feedback from surveys.
2. Generations may have an impact on acceptance of evolution within sports and genders.
3. Culture and nationality differs between what is feminine and masculine.
Comparison to Related Studies
• Participants in my study agree that male sports receive more attention.
• There is a difference between male and female sports. Feminine sports are less harmful, while masculine sports are more physically inclined.
Conclusion
• Hypothesis was accepted.– Stereotypes in sports do exist.–More women play masculine sports than
men play feminine sports.
• Both men and women don’t accept evolution with females and males participating in all sports.
Billings, A., Angelini, J., & Duke, A. (2010). “Gendered Profiles of Olympic History: Sportscaster Dialogue in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media.
Alley, T., Hicks, C. (2005). “Peer Attitudes Towards Adolescent Participants In Male- And Female-Oriented Sports.” Adolescence. Kimmel, Michael. 2008. The Gendered Society, Third Edition. New York, New York. Oxford.
PICTURES
•http://www.therfl.co.uk/uploads/3322.jpg
•http://www.planetsocialsports.com/Portals/3/Images/CL2/IMG_9387.JPG
Bibliography