Post on 31-Dec-2015
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Genetically Genetically Modified Modified
FoodsFoodsCurtis Curtis
CloaningerCloaningerMelissa GreeneMelissa Greene
Shelley Shelley MartineauMartineau
What is a Genetically What is a Genetically Modified (GM) Food?Modified (GM) Food?
Foods that contain an added gene Foods that contain an added gene sequencesequence
Foods that have a deleted gene Foods that have a deleted gene sequencesequence
Animal products from animals fed Animal products from animals fed GM feedGM feed
Products produced by GM Products produced by GM organisms organisms
Why are foods Why are foods genetically modified?genetically modified?
Genetic engineering offers a rapid Genetic engineering offers a rapid and precise method of altering and precise method of altering organisms as compared to organisms as compared to traditional methods that are slow traditional methods that are slow and inaccurate.and inaccurate.
Common GM FoodsCommon GM Foods
VegetablesVegetables TomatoesTomatoes PotatoesPotatoes RiceRice CheeseCheese MeatMeat
How is genetic How is genetic modification possible? modification possible?
The components The components of DNA are the of DNA are the same in all same in all organisms. organisms.
Sequences that Sequences that code for proteins code for proteins can be moved can be moved from one from one organism to organism to another.another.
How can DNA be moved How can DNA be moved from one organism to from one organism to
another?another?
Its quite simple,
REALLY!!!
How can DNA be moved How can DNA be moved from one organism to from one organism to
another?another?
►Find an organism with the desired trait
►Isolate the gene sequence that codes for the desired trait
►Insert the gene sequence into the genome of the plant cell
How can DNA be moved How can DNA be moved from one organism to from one organism to
another?another?
►Allow the genetically altered cell to grow into a plant
►Allow the plant to propagate
How can DNA be moved How can DNA be moved from one organism to from one organism to
another?another? A vector can A vector can
carry DNA. The carry DNA. The vector can be a vector can be a pellet from a pellet from a gene gun. gene gun. Viruses and Viruses and bacteria also bacteria also can be utilized can be utilized to transfer to transfer genes.genes.
Possible BenefitsPossible Benefitsof GM Foodsof GM Foods
Easing of world Easing of world hungerhunger Development of crops Development of crops
that can be grown in that can be grown in marginal soilmarginal soil
Reduced strain on Reduced strain on nonrenewable nonrenewable resourcesresources Development of Development of
drought resistant cropsdrought resistant crops Development of salt-Development of salt-
tolerant crops tolerant crops Development of crops Development of crops
that make more that make more efficient use of efficient use of nitrogen and other nitrogen and other nutrientsnutrients
Possible BenefitsPossible Benefits of GM Foods of GM Foods
Reduced use of Reduced use of pesticides and pesticides and herbicidesherbicides►Development of Development of
pest resistant pest resistant cropscrops
►Reduced herbicide Reduced herbicide use is better for use is better for the environment the environment and reduces costs and reduces costs for farmers for farmers
Possible Benefits Possible Benefits of GM Foodsof GM Foods
Improved crop qualityImproved crop quality Development of frost Development of frost
resistant crops resistant crops Development of disease Development of disease
resistant cropsresistant crops Development of flood Development of flood
resistant cropsresistant crops
Improved nutritional Improved nutritional qualityquality Development of foods Development of foods
designed to meet specific designed to meet specific nutritional goals nutritional goals
Who makes sure GM Who makes sure GM foods are safe?foods are safe?
Government Government agencies regulate agencies regulate GM foodsGM foods GM foods in the GM foods in the
United States are United States are required to be labeled required to be labeled only if the nutritional only if the nutritional value is changed or a value is changed or a new allergen is new allergen is introduced.introduced.
Possible Risks Possible Risks of GM Foodsof GM Foods
Insects might Insects might develop resistance develop resistance to pesticide-to pesticide-producing GM producing GM crops crops
Herbicide-tolerant Herbicide-tolerant crops may cross-crops may cross-pollinate weeds, pollinate weeds, resulting in resulting in "superweeds""superweeds"
Possible Risks Possible Risks for GM Foodsfor GM Foods
Certain gene Certain gene products may be products may be allergens, thus allergens, thus causing harm to causing harm to human health human health
There may be There may be unintended harm unintended harm to wildlife and to wildlife and beneficial insects beneficial insects
Photo courtesy of T. W. Davies, Cal. Acad. of Sciences.
Homework Homework AssignmentAssignment
How do you feel about GM foods? How do you feel about GM foods? Are they beneficial or harmful?Are they beneficial or harmful? Compare and contrast articles of your Compare and contrast articles of your
choice from the following web sites. choice from the following web sites. After reading articles from both web After reading articles from both web sites, use your favorite Internet search sites, use your favorite Internet search engine to find more information on the engine to find more information on the GM food debate. GM food debate.
www.junkscience.comwww.junkscience.com www.greenpeace.orgwww.greenpeace.org
Write a short report on your views Write a short report on your views about GM foods.about GM foods.