Post on 19-Dec-2015
transcript
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Carbon Sequestration Carbon Sequestration
Module IX: COModule IX: CO22 Sequestration and Oil Sequestration and Oil
Recovery, Permian Basin, Recovery, Permian Basin, USA USA
Maurice DusseaultDepartment of Earth Sciences
University of Waterloo
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Permian Basin, USAPermian Basin, USA Largest CO2-
EOR region in the World
~150,000 b/d oil is produced from Permian Bsn using CO2
This requires about 30×106 tonnes/yr CO2
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From oil atlas
Make small production table
Salt Creek356 MMBO
Cogdell264 MMBO
Sacroc1,264 MMBO
SACROC Field, TexasSACROC Field, Texas
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COCO22 Behavior… Behavior…
Extremely complex… Oil swelling with CO2 adsorption Interfacial tension issues (changes as a
function of p, T, oil chemistry…) Diffusion rates into H2O, oil… Phase relationships in mixtures of gases,
liquids (e.g SC-CO2 + oil + H2O), … Changes in rock wettability… Formation of hydrate phases…
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Permian Basin, USAPermian Basin, USA Largest CO2-
EOR region in the World
~150,000 b/d oil is produced from Permian Bsn using CO2
This requires about 30×106 tonnes/yr CO2
Ratio is 30/8 t CO2/t oil
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Permian Basin COPermian Basin CO22 History History Permian Basin
fields are largely carbonate reefs
Seals generally excellent, the level of tectonic activity minor
O&G E&P infra-structure exists
Anthropogenic CO2 sources
David Coleman: Westminister Energy Forum
SACROC
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Permian Basin StratigraphyPermian Basin Stratigraphy
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Reservoir Model ofReservoir Model ofNorthern Platform, Sacroc Northern Platform, Sacroc FieldField
F. Jerry Lucia, Charles Kerans, Fred Wang, Hongliu Zeng
Bureau of Economic GeologyJackson School of Geoscience
The University of Texas at Austin
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SACROC LocationSACROC Location
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From oil atlas
Make small production table
Salt Creek356 MMBO
Cogdell264 MMBO
Sacroc1,264 MMBO
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Ge
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Sacroc North Platform
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40-8 40-5 38-4 38-5 34-11 34-9 34-6 34-10 35-5 35-4 32-3 32-5 34-24 32-16
CN 1
CN 2
CN 3
EC 1Late Cisco
Three Miles
0
300
(ft)
Cross Section of Northern PlatformSacroc Field
West East
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0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
104
105
0 1 10 100
Sacroc Northern Platform Reservoir
Per
mea
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Porosity (%)
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Approach•Calculate average apparent rock-fabric number from core data for each stratigraphic layer.
•Calculate permeability profile for each well using apparent rock-fabric number from stratigraphy and total porosity from logs as input into global permeability transform.
•Interpolate permeability between wells constrained by seismic stratigraphy.
Problem•Only porosity and gamma-ray logs available.•Highly variable rock fabrics typical of icehouse conditions.
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Apparent Rock Fabric
Number
Total Porosity (fraction)
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40-8 40-5 38-4 38-5 34-11 34-9 34-6 34-10 35-5 35-4 32-3 32-5 34-24 32-16
CN 1
CN 2
CN 3
EC 1Late Cisco
Three Miles
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300
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Cross Section of Northern PlatformSacroc Field
West East
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Location of Core Analysis DataCanyon 2 and 3
17-5
18-5
19-6
20-120-15
27-7
32-5
34-634-8
37-2 37-4
56-2 56-4
New Core Analysis
Old Core Analysisand core
Legend
Old Core Analysisno core
49-2
CN 2
CN 3
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SACROC Unit COSACROC Unit CO22-EOR-EOR Chevron & Shell
1970-1973 pro-ject collaboration
SACROC unit placed on large-scale CO2 flood
First SC-CO2 pipeline – 280 km
Generous tax breaks negotiated
David Coleman: Westminister Energy Forum
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Extensions – 1979-1990Extensions – 1979-1990 Natural CO2
discovered Infrastructure
extended to include many more fields
Tax credits (15%) provided + other tax breaks
Majors come in
David Coleman: Westminister Energy Forum
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Maturity - 1990 to 2005 Maturity - 1990 to 2005 Extension to
other fields in the basin
More pipelines, compression, etc.
Tax incentives remain in place
David Coleman: Westminister Energy Forum
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Permian Basin Statistics Permian Basin Statistics (2004)(2004) > 109 bbl produced using CO2-EOR 380×106 tonnes CO2 sequestered
However, only 30×106 t anthropogenic CO2
2500 km of CO2 pipelines, since 1973 70 fields under CO2 injection in 2005 Shell, Mobil, Amoco, Arco, Chevron plus,
more recently, Apache, Kinder-Morgan, etc., as the majors have largely left
Tax incentives exist
David Coleman: Westminister Energy Forum
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Comments…Comments… Without tax breaks + incentives, this
development would have been improbable One billion barrels of CO2-EOR oil
Natural CO2 is cheap Pure CO2 gas reservoirs CO2 separated from CH4 to meet pipelining
specifications Recycled, re-sequestered at the end of EOR
Anthropogenic amine-separated CO2 from power plants is far more expensive
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DOE-NETL Research?DOE-NETL Research?