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Quality Enhancement Cell Hazara University
Guidelines for Synopsis and
Thesis
Preparation
Quality Enhancement Cell
Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
2013
Quality Enhancement Cell Hazara University
Foreword:
The research work at universities helps and guides the students for the preparation of
uniform thesis for the award of respective degree. The intention of these guidelines is to
provide a technical framework for the preparation of thesis. If the thesis is not presented
in the required format, it will not be accepted, nor will the degree be conferred until all
the required specifications have been met. Further, the thesis will not be microfilmed,
limiting the availability of the research to other scholars within the academic community
and beyond.
For information on policy and procedures governing the defense of the thesis, both at the
master's and doctoral level, please consult the Quality Enhancement Cell (QEC) or the
departmental supervisor.
In writing a thesis students must conform to accepted standards in organizing and
presenting their data clearly and logically, and in applying accepted practices of
manuscript form consistently. Strict adherence to the standards which follow ensures:
Reader accessibility,
The ability to reproduce the thesis on request, and
The durability of the archived copy of the thesis.
Reader accessibility requires that the thesis be carefully prepared. Only good
quality thesis will be reproduced and microfilmed. Durability depends on quality
paper and correct binding of the thesis.
Close attention by the student to these criteria will expedite the processing and
availability of thesis.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter no Title Page
1. THESIS WRITING OVERVIEW 5-9
2. WRITING SYNOPSIS FOR AN M.Phil / Ph.D. 10-14
RESEARCH PROJECT
3. MSc / M.Phil / Ph.D. THESIS PATTERN 15-20
4. RESEARCH MATERIAL & PLAGIARISM POLICY 21
5. FLOW DIAGRAM MSc THESIS 22
6. FLOW DIAGRAM M.Phil THESIS 23
7. FLOW DIAGRAM Ph.D THESIS 24
THESIS WRITING OVERVIEW
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CHAPTER 1
THESIS WRITING OVERVIEW
1. Definition of a Thesis
Thesis in this guidebook refers to a documented report of the process followed by and the
results of original research conducted by the students to fulfill the requirements for a
Post-Graduate degree. The thesis should be presented in a manner that will reflect credit
on the student, the faculty, and the University. It is recommended that students must
study at least 15-20 original research papers before starting writing of synopsis and must
have copies of such papers with them.
When the thesis is at semi-final stage, students defend it in an open seminar at
departmental level. After incorporation of discussed and agreed suggestions in the
seminar, the thesis is signed by the students, supervisory committee and other statutory
bodies, like Chairman/Head of department, then it is presented in the office of the
Director Quality Enhancement Cell for the anti-plagiarism certificate.
2. Organization of the Thesis
A thesis is made up of three main parts namely preliminary pages, text and references.
3. Title page
Title should be comprehensive to reflect the main contents and subject of the research
plan to be undertaken by the students. Logo of the Hazara University, student‟s name,
department name, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan and the year in which thesis
will be completed
Name of ALLAH (optional)
4. Dedication Page (optional)
The dedication must be brief, not more than one paragraph, and must not contain any
number, chart or photograph.
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5. Declaration: Supervisor‟s and Student‟s Declaration
A thesis is to be submitted for the purpose of examination. It must obtain prior
declaration by the supervisor‟s and the student‟s on the standard and quality of the thesis.
The declaration should be signed.
6. Certificate Page
This page should contain certification by the internal and external examiners and head of
the department on originality of the thesis. The certificate should be signed after
evaluation.
7. Table of Contents Page
The Table of Contents page must start on a new page. It should list all sections, chapters
and sub-headings. The titles must be written using the same words as those written in the
text.
8. Acknowledgements
The student may acknowledge the assistance of various individuals or organizations in
successfully producing the thesis. This should be written in one page.
9. List of Symbols/Abbreviations/Notations/Terminology
All symbols or abbreviations or notations or terminology found in the text should be
listed on this page. They are listed in the following order:
Roman letters - alphabetical order
Greek letters - alphabetical order
Superscripts - alphabetical order
Subscripts - alphabetical order
10. List of Figures
Diagrams, photographs, drawings, graphs, charts and maps are included as figures. The
Figure numbers should be arranged according to the chapters.
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11. List of Tables
This page should list all the tables found in the thesis. The page number of the table must
also be included. The list should be written similar as the List of Figures
12. List of Appendices
All appendices should be listed on this page.
13. Abstracts
The abstract should be brief, written in one paragraph and not exceed 500 words. An
abstract is different from synopsis or summary of a thesis. It should state the field of
study, problem definition, methodology adopted, research process, results obtained and
conclusion of the research. The abstract can be written using one and a half spacing.
14. Introduction
Set the scene and problem statement. Introduce structure of thesis.
15. Background
Demonstrate wider appreciation (context). Provide motivation.
16. Related Work
Survey and critical assessment. Relation to own work
17-18. Analysis, design, implementation and interpretation of results
19. Critical assessment of own work
State hypothesis, and demonstrate precision, thoroughness, contribution, and comparison
with closest rival.
20. Text
A thesis must be divided into chapters. A title must be given and it should reflect its
content. A new chapter must begin on a new page. A chapter must be divided into
sections. These sections must be given appropriate titles and numbered. Texts must be
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written in paragraphs. Long paragraphs should be avoided. Each paragraph must describe
an issue or subject. There must be continuity between paragraphs. The text should
contain:
I. An introduction and background on the study or research;
II. A detailed description of the study or research which include theories, models, and
materials and methods used;
III. The data collection and analysis techniques.
IV. The main results and discussions; and
V. The conclusions and significance of the findings.
21. Citation in the Text
Citation is a mean of formally recognizing within the text, the resources from which the
information or idea were obtained. The purpose is to acknowledge the work of others, to
demonstrate the body of knowledge in which the work is based on and to lead others.
22. Quotations in the Text
A quotation must be written in a separate paragraph. If the quotation is in a different
language, it must be written in italic.
23. Tables in the Text
All tables must be numbered using Arabic numeric. A caption should be positioned at the
top of the table. If the caption is written in a single line, it should be centered. If the
caption is written more than one line, it should be align to the left. Tables must be
numbered with respect to the chapter.
24. Figures in the Text
Illustrations such as maps, charts, graphs, drawings, diagrams, and photographs are
referred as figures. All figures must be clear and of high quality. Figures must be
numbered using Arabic numeric. A caption should be located at the bottom of the figure.
If the caption is written in a single line, it should be centered. If the caption is written in
more than one line, it should be align to the left. Figures are numbered with respect to the
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chapter. A figure should be positioned after it has been cited for the first time in the text.
All figures in the chapter can also be grouped together and positioned at an appropriate
location. All figures must be listed in the List of Figures page. Illustrations in the form of
CD‟s, slides, and others should be placed in specially made pockets glued to the inner
side of the back cover. Oversized illustrations in the form of plans, maps, charts, graphs,
and others should be reduced to fit a single page unless the oversized materials are
absolutely necessary for clarity and understanding. For illustrations other than above,
please refer to the following guidelines;
(i) Photographs
Photographs should be digitally embedded in the text unless absolutely impossible.
(ii) Newspaper Cuttings or Similar Materials
Copies of newspaper cuttings or similar materials should be of high quality.
25. References within the Text
References are detailed description of items from which information were obtained in
preparing the thesis. All references must be listed at the end of the text.
26. Further Work
27. Summary & Conclusion
28. Bibliography
The bibliography should contain entries of all references used in the preparation of the
paper including all references cited in footnotes and every work relevant to the author‟s
formulation and solution of problem
29. Appendix
Appendices are supplementary materials to the text. These include tables, charts,
computer program listings, and others.
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WRITING SYNOPSIS FOR A
M.PHIL OR Ph.D. RESEARCH
PROJECT
CHAPTER 2
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WRITING SYNOPSIS FOR A M.Phil or Ph.D. RESEARCH PROJECT
In order to encourage and expand M.Phil or Ph.D. research, there is need to make it an
active part of the academic life of the Hazara University. As a prestigious University of
Pakistan, we have to ensure that a reasonable standard of research is maintained at HU.
The University regulates through its bodies like the Advanced Studies and Research
Board that the M.Phil and Ph.D. research programs are properly planned and executed to
maintain the standards.
A research proposal for MSc/M.Phil/ Ph.D. registration purely for social sciences should
include certain basic components, in which a number of questions need to be addressed.
Why research on the proposed topic should be undertaken and what gains are likely to be
achieved? What has been done previously in this or related areas? What are the objectives
of this study and how these will be achieved? Are the facilities required for doing the
proposed research available? An extensive initial exercise should help in designing a
sound research project, which is likely to make a significant contribution in successful
completion of MSc/M.Phil/Ph.D. research.
Components of a Synopsis
The following components should be provided in a synopsis of M.Phil and Ph.D. research
project. The details may, however, vary according to the field of study.
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1. Title Page
RESEARCH PROPOSAL Time New Roman 18 Bold
TOPIC OF RESEARCH
Time New Roman 14 Normal
Capital Letter
1.5”
1.25”
SUBMITTED BY A.B.C
M.Phil / Ph.D SCHOLAR
RESEARCH SUPERVISOR X.Y.Z
Designation___________
CO-SUPERVISOR (if any) X.Y.Z
(with work address and affiliation) Designation___________
ADVANCED STUDY & RESEARCH BOARD
____________________________________
(Convener)
___________________ __________________
(Member) (Member) (Member) (Member)
__________________ __________________
(Member) (Member) (Member) (Member)
Higher Education Commission
Sector H-9 Islamabad
www.hec.gov.pk
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2. Topic
The topic for research should be selected carefully. It should be specific and about the
general issues at national or international level.
3. Introduction
It should provide a brief description to explain the area of the proposed research work by
the researcher.
4. Review of Literature
A review of the relevant literature is another very important part of the synopsis, showing
the work done previously in the area of proposed research is essential to plan further
research effectively and in a proper way. The information given in the review should be
supported by references.
5. Justification and Likely Benefits
It is important to provide justification for undertaking the proposed research, perhaps in
the light of previous work done. It should be possible in most cases to predict the specific
and general benefits likely to be achieved as a result of completion of the proposed
research.
6. Main Objectives of the Study
Broad objectives to be achieved should be clearly mentioned and these should be
itemized. These objectives will indicate the major aspects of the study to be undertaken.
7. Hypothesis of Study
Hypothesis is statement which is to be tested for possible acceptance or rejection.
Hypothesis are of two types i.e. Null (Ho) and Alternative (H1). Null hypothesis is tested
for possible rejection, where as alternative hypothesis is tested for possible acceptance.
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8. Significance of Study
It emphasized on the significance/ importance of the research work/study i.e. why we
selected the topic under discussion.
9. Statement of Problem
The researcher has to clearly identify the problem/issue selected for thesis.
10. Plan of Work and Methodology
A plan of work describing the various aspects of the study in a logical sequence along
with the methodologies to be employed, are the most important crucks of any research
plan. It helps to demonstrate that the researcher has a fairly good idea about the nature of
work likely to be involved. In the case of social sciences what resource materials will be
used; whether the required information will be obtained from primary or secondary
sources, etc. A time schedule for the various aspects of the proposed research may be
provided wherever possible. Methodology includes the following:-
Sources of data (Primary or Secondary)
Survey, questionnaires, Interviews, focus group interviews, observation, case-
studies, diaries, critical incidents, portfolios, books, journals, periodicals,
abstracts, indexes, directories, research reports, conference papers, market reports,
annual reports, internal records of organizations, newspapers & magazines, CD-
ROMs, on-line databases, Internet, videos & broadcasts.
Sample size:
Sample size should be normal neither too small nor too large.
Data Collection Techniques (Registration, Questionnaires, interviews,
Direct Observations)
Analysis of Data
Data is to be analyzed according to the requirement of topic. After collecting the
data, it is to be tabulated. The total variables used are to be included in the study
and then the relationship between variable will be analyzed.
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11. Place of Work and Facilities Available
In order to complete the proposed research some specialized facilities may be required.
For example in case of experimental sciences different equipments may be involved or in
the case of, may be, a study on a scholar, the relevant literature may be available in a
foreign country. Therefore it is important to identify the place where the research work
will be undertaken and whether the resources and facilities required for doing the
research are available like easy access to the external academic markets via internet.
12. References and Bibliography
Synopsis should contain at the end a list of references, and a bibliography if required.
These should be written on a standard pattern.
13. Length of a synopsis
It will be difficult to define an overall length for a synopsis for MSc/M.Phil/Ph.D.
research in such varied fields of study. Whereas it should be concise as far as possible
and avoid repetitions, it should also provide sufficient details on the various aspects
mentioned above to show that the research involved has been well understood and
planned, and it is of an acceptable academic merit. The total length of a synopsis may run
from 1,500 to a few thousand words.
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CHAPTER 3
MSc / M.Phil/Ph.D. THESIS PATTERN
All theses presented in typescript for the degree of MSc/M.Phil/Ph.D should comply with
the following specifications unless permission to do otherwise is obtained from the
relevant authority / body
1. SIZE OF PAPER
A4 size be used.
2. PAPER SPECIFICATION
Six copies on good quality paper (minimum 80 gsm) be submitted.
3. METHOD OF PRODUCTION
The text must be typewritten in acceptable type face (readable) and the original typescript
(or copy of equal quality) must normally be submitted to Exam branch.
4. LAYOUT OF SCRIPT
Typescript should appear on one side only, lines; at least one-and-a-half spaced.
Footnotes, quotations, references and photographic captions may be single spaced. Where
appropriate, these should contain lists giving the locations of figures and illustrations.
5. FONT SIZE
Title Page 18-22
Headings / subheadings 14-16
Text 10-12
Footnotes 8-10
Footnotes be given on the same page where reference is quoted
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6. TYPE STYLE
Times New Roman
7. MARGINS.
1.5 inches on the left-hand side, 1 inch at the top, bottom and right side of the page. The
best position for the page number is at bottom-centre or bottom-right ½ inch above the
edge. Pages containing figures and illustration should be suitable paginated.
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1. Title Page
RESEARCH PROPOSAL Time New Roman 18 Bold
TOPIC OF RESEARCH
Time New Roman 14 Normal
Capital Letter
1.5”
1.25”
SUBMITTED BY
A.B.C
M.Phil / Ph.D SCHOLAR
Higher Education Commission
Sector H-9 Islamabad
www.hec.gov.pk
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Name of ALLAH (optional)
2. Dedication Page (optional)
3. Declaration: Supervisor‟s and Student‟s Declaration
4. Certificate Page
5. Table of Contents Page
6. Acknowledgements
7. List of Symbols/Abbreviations/Notations/Terminology
8. List of Figures
9. List of Tables
10. List of Appendices
11. Abstracts
12. Introduction (including literature review) or
a. Introduction
It should provide a brief description to introduce the area of the proposed research work.
b. Review of Literature
A review of the relevant literature showing the work done previously in the area of
proposed research is essential to plan further research effectively. The information given
in the review should be supported by references. As separate chapters as per requisite of
the subject.
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13. Main Objectives
14. Hypothesis of Study
15. Significance of Study
16. Statement of Problem
17. Material and Methods
18. Results
May comprised of one chapter or a number of chapters depending upon the subject
matter/ requirements.
19. Discussion (including Conclusion/s, Recommendation/s where applicable)
20. References / Bibliography / Literature Cited
21. Appendices (where applicable)
22. Any other information specific to the respective discipline
LENGTH OF THESIS
Whilst the regulations do not contain a clause relating to the maximum length of
theses, it is expected that work presented for the degree of MSc/M.Phil/PhD should
normally between 40,000 - 120,000 words of text. Candidates wishing to greatly
exceed these sizes should discuss the matter with their supervisors.
PUBLISH WORK
Published work from the thesis be included as appendix (Reprints / proof / preprint).
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BINDING
All final theses and published work presented for higher degrees must be bound in a
permanent form or in a temporary (hard binding will be provided after defense of the
thesis) form approved by the Advanced Studies and Research Board; where printed
pamphlets or off-prints are submitted in support of a thesis, they must be bound in
with the thesis, or bound in such manner as Binderies may advise. Front cover should
give title of the thesis, name of the candidate and the name of the Institute/
Department / Centre / College through which submitted, in the same order from top to
bottom. The lettering may be in boldface and properly spaced. Their sizes should be:
title 24 pt., name of the candidate 18 pt. and the name of the department/ institute/
centre/ college 18 pt. The color of binding for different degrees in the Science
subjects and Social Sciences is as follows:
Binding and writing Color
Ph.D. Sky Blue, Writing Color Silver
M.Phil Dark Green Writing Color Golden
MSc Black Writing Color Golden
Spine of the thesis should show "Ph.D thesis" on top across the width of spine, name of
the candidate in the middle and the year of submission across the width at the bottom.
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CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH MATERIAL & PLAGIARISM POLICY
1. Library. The reference material has been provided at University library. It subscribes
to a variety of magazines and journals of international repute and standing, which can
serve as a useful tool for your research.
2. MERLN Database. Military Education Research Library Network (MERLN) data
base has also been provided at the Library. The system has vast database and considered
by many a useful resource for pursuing quality research work. DD Library may be
approached for necessary guidance to consult the site.
3. HEC – National Digital Library. HU library has acquired access to HEC National
Digital Library. It provides access to international scholarly literature based on electronic
delivery. The resources are high quality peer reviewed journals, databases, articles and e-
books across a wide range of disciplines.
4. Internet. The University has provided quality internet connections at the following
places:-
a. All residences at the campus.
b. Main library.
5. Archives. Research papers produced by the participants of the previous courses can
also be consulted for guidance with the prior permission of Thesis Supervisor.
Plagiarism Policy
Note: The Plagiarism Policy in detail is available at QEC
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CHAPTER 5
FLOW DIAGRAM
MSc Thesis - steps to be taken
Allocation of Supervisor
on prescribed form Selection of Topic in consultation
with Supervisor allocated
Submission of Thesis to HOD
through Supervisor in spiral
binding
Evaluation of Thesis by
External Examiners
If Approved
Revision of Thesis
within one month
(only one chance)
If Rejected
Submission of Six hard bounded copies to
the dept. for onward distribution to Exam
Section for the Declaration of Result
Conduct of
Viva Voce
If Approved
After Declaration of Result distribution of
hard copies as follows:
HOD
Exam Section
HU main Library
Supervisor
QEC Office
Student concerned
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CHAPTER 6
FLOW DIAGRAM - M.PHIL THESIS
Appointment of
Supervisors by ASRB
Selection of Topic for dissertation
recommended by Supervisor & HOD
(2nd week of 3rd Semester)
Approval of topic by ASRB within 30
days from the commencement of 3rd
Semester
In addition to satisfactory report
a student should maintain GPA
of 2.5 on the basis of course
work
If both reports unsatisfactory,
he/ she ceases to be student of
the university
work
Submission of 2 progress reports by
supervisor during the 6th week of 3rd
semester to Controller of
Examinations work
In case a student fails to complete
M.Phil/MS requirement within
normal period of 4 semester,
ASRB allow him/her an extension
for maximum period of 02
semester on the recommendation
of supervisor duly endorsed by
HOD – BOS - ASRB
No further extension - if failed to
submit his/ her dissertation by the
end of 6 semester shall cease to be
a student of the university
Submission of dissertation
approved by the supervisor to
QEC for Plagiarism before final
exams
(2nd week of 4th Semester)
Appointment of External Examiner
by President HU from the approved
panel of examiner by ASRB
Intimation about date of Viva
Voce Exams by supervisor to
Controller of Examination
through HOD
(6th week of 4th semester )
Submission of application on
prescribed form to Controller of
Examinations for admission to
final exams for M.Phil/MS
(2nd week of 4th Semester)
Evaluation of thesis within
time indicated by
Controller of
Examinations
(8th week of 4th Semester)
Submission of detailed
report with regard to
evaluation of dissertation
by external examiner
(9th week of 4th Semester)
Viva Voce exam
conducted at university
campus on scheduled
date notified by
Controller of
Examinations
Viva Voce in defence of dissertation be
conducted by a committee consisting of HoD,
Supervisor & External Examiner
Award of Degree to
Successful students
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CHAPTER 7
FLOW DIAGRAM - PhD THESIS
Approval of Standing list of foreign External Examiners
by ASRB in respect of technologically advanced countries
for each Department consisting of persons of eminence in
the respective field of research
Critical Examination of thesis by
the External Examiners for the
award of Ph.D. degree.
Approval of standing list of Local Examiners by
the ASRB to conduct viva-voce examination of
thesis for each department consisting of eminent
persons engaged in research in the respective area
Submission of six unbound copies of
completed thesis along with an application on
prescribed form for the evaluation of thesis,
duly forwarded by supervisor and the HOD
Appointment of External Examiners for
Evaluation of Thesis
Appointment of three out of six External Examiners
by the Vice Chancellor HU from suggested panel
(approved list) to evaluate the thesis
The reports of the examiners / supervisor shall be
placed before the ASRB for consideration
Submission of detailed evaluation report
of the thesis by supervisor
If the thesis is adjudged as adequate by two of the
three external examiners, ASRB shall allow the
candidate to appear in the viva-voce (Thesis
Defense) examination
If two of the external examiners find that
the thesis is wholly inadequate it may be
rejected by ASRB
In case of major modification/revision of the
thesis, the candidate shall be required to
resubmit a revised version, duly certified by
the supervisor, within a period as specified
by ASRB
The revised version of the thesis shall be
approved by the same external examiners
who suggested modification / revision of the
thesis
If any of the examiners finds the thesis adequate
but suggests minor modifications / revision, this
may be incorporated without referring again to the
examiner(s)
Viva-Voce Examination- PhD
Viva-voce exam is to be conducted by the two examiners
appointed by the VC. HU. from the approved panel of
local examiners, the Supervisor and HOD.
Viva-voce exam may be open to the public but the
evaluation be done only by the panel of examiners
If the candidate fails to satisfy the examiners
in the viva-voce examination he/she may be
given a chance to defend the thesis for the
second and final time within a suitable period
but not exceeding six months
Publication of at least one research paper in
an HEC’s approved journal is essential for the
award of Ph.D. degree
A candidate who successfully completes all the
requirements shall be awarded, with the approval
of the ASRB and the Senate, the degree of Ph.D
The Vice Chancellor HU may approve the recommendations of the Advanced Studies & Research Board on behalf
of the Senate regarding the award of Ph.D. degree to the candidate
Note:- A copy of thesis is to be submitted to the HEC for record as per requirement
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Hazara University Manual of Style Guide for
Bibliographies and Notes (Electronic sources) The examples herein are based on the Hazara University Manual of Style. For additional
examples consult the manual available at the Reference Desk or the University Manual of
Style notebook for thesis write up.
. Type of
Resource
Bibliography Note Form
Article from a
Library database
with page
numbers
Jones, Julia C., M. R. Myerscough, S. Graham, and B. P.
Oldroyd (2004). "Honey Bee Nest Thermoregulation:
Diversity Promotes Stability." Science 305, no. 5682:
402-404. http://web.ebscohost.com/ (accessed July 24,
2007).
24. Julia C. Jones, M. R. Myerscough, S. Graham, and B.
P. Oldroyd (2004), "Honey Bee Nest Thermoregulation:
Diversity Promotes Stability."Science 305, no. 5682, 402-
404, http://web.ebscohost.com/ (accessed July 24, 2007)
Article from an
online journal
without page
numbers
Moore, Roland S., G. M. Ames, and C. B. Cunradi
(2007)."Physical and Social Availability of Alcohol for
Young Enlisted Naval Personnel in and Around Home
Port." Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and
Policy 2 no. 17,
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?arti
d=1934352 (accessed July 30, 2007).
30. Ronald S. Moore, G. M. Ames, and C. B. Cunradi
(2007), "Physical and Social Availability of Alcohol for
Young Enlisted Naval Personnel in and Around Home
Port," Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
2 no. 17,
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid
=1934352 (accessed July 30, 2007).
Dissertations &
theses
Shimpalee, Pattama (2004). "The Contribution of
Economic and Institutional Factors to Currency Crises:
Additional Evidence from Asia, Europe and the Western
Hemisphere". Ph.D. diss., University of South Carolina.
In ProQuest Digital Dissertations [database on-line];
available from http://www.proquest.com/ (publication
number AAT 3142857; accessed August 8, 2007).
1. Pattama Shimpalee (2004), "The Contribution of
Economic and Institutional Factors to Currency Crises:
Additional Evidence from Asia, Europe and the Western
Hemisphere,” (Ph.D. diss., University of South Carolina),
31-33 In ProQuest Digital Dissertations [database on-line];
available from http://www.proquest.com/ (publication
number AAT 3142857; accessed August 8, 2007).
Electronic book Hüfner, Stefan (2007). (Ed.). Very high resolution
photoelectron spectroscopy. New York: Springer,50-51.
http://www.springerlink.com/ (accessed May 12, 2008).
4. Stefan Hüfner (2007), Very high resolution
photoelectron spectroscopy. New York: Springer, 50-51,
http://www.springerlink.com/ (accessed May 12, 2008).
Newspaper online
and library
database
Basken, Paul (2007). "Nonprofit Lenders, While Helping
Students, Help Themselves." The Chronicle, August 8,
2007. http://chronicle.com/weekly/v53/i49/49a01401.htm
(accessed August 10, 2007). {online}
Hoge, Warren (1997). "Diana, Princess of Wales, 36,
Dies in a Crash in Paris: The end of a storybook life that
veered from glamor to scandal and, finally, to divorce.."
New York Times, August 31, 1997,
http://www.proquest.com/ (accessed August 8,
2007).{library database}
9. Paul Basken (2007), “Nonprofit Lenders, While Helping
Students, Help Themselves," The Chronicle, August 8,
2007, http://chronicle.com/weekly/v53/i49/49a01401.htm
(accessed August 10, 2007).
3. Warren Hoge (1997), “Diana, Princess of Wales, 36,
Dies in a Crash in Paris: The end of a storybook life that
veered from glamor to scandal and, finally, to divorce.."
New York Times, August 31, 1997,
http://www.proquest.com/ (accessed August 8, 2007).
Webpage American Memory, Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives
from the Federal Writers Project 1936-1938. “Voices and
Faces from the Collection „Sarah Gudger, Age 121‟."
Library of Congress,
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snvoices03.html
(accessed May 12, 2008).
12. American Memory, Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives
from the Federal Writers Project 1936-1938. “Voices and
Faces from the Collection „Sarah Gudger, Age 121‟."
Library of Congress,
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snvoices03.html
(accessed May 12, 2008).
Article from a
journal
Mcmillen, Sally G. (1994). “Antebellum Southern
Fathers and the Health Care of Children.” Journal
of Southern History 60, no. 3: 513-32.
24. Sally G. McMillen (1994). “Antebellum
Southern Fathers and the Health Care of Children.”
Journal of Southern History 60, no. 3: 513-32.
Article from a
newspaper
Morgenson, Gretchen (2000). “Applying a Discount
to Good Earnings News,” Market Watch, New York
Times, sec. 3, April 23, 2000.
30. Gretchen Morgenson (2000), “Applying a
Discount to Good Earnings News,” New York Times,
sec.3, April 23, 2000.
Book - single
author
Rushdie, Salman (1999). The Ground beneath Her
Feet. New York: Henry Holt, 24.
1. Salman Rushdie (1999), The Ground beneath Her
Feet (New York: Henry Holt), 24.
Book - two
authors
Harnack, Andrew, and Eugene Kleppinger (2000).
Online! A Reference Guide to Using Internet
4. Andrew Harnack and Eugene Kleppinger (2000),
Online! A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources
Quality Enhancement Cell Hazara University
Sources. 3rd ed. New York: St. Martin‟s Press. (New York: St. Martin‟s Press).
Book - edited
no author
Soltes, Ori Z., ed (1999). Georgia: Art and
Civilization through the Ages. London: Philip
Wilson, 280.
9. Ori Z. Soltes, ed. (1999), Georgia: Art and
Civilization through the Ages (London: Phillip
Wilson), 280.
Book –
organization,
association, or
corporation as
author
University of Chicago Press (2003). The Chicago
Manual of Style, 15th ed. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 100-101.
12. University of Chicago Press (2003), The Chicago
Manual of Style, 15th ed (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press), 100-101.
Chapter or other
titled parts of a
book
Asbrook, James B., and Carol Rausch Albright
(1997). “The Frontal Lobes, Intending, and
Purposeful God.” Chap. 7 In The Humanizing
Brain. Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press, 20-23.
17. James B. Asbrook and Carol Rausch Albright
(1997), “The Frontal Lobes, Intending, and
Purposeful God,” in The Humanizing Brain
(Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press), 20-30.
Dissertations &
theses
Remedios, Richard E. (2007). "Defining my
Process: My Journey Through the MFA Acting
Program at the University of South Carolina."
Master's thesis, University of South Carolina, 35.
3. Richard e. Remedios (2007), "Defining my
Process: My Journey Through the MFA Acting
Program at the University of South Carolina."
(master‟s thesis, University of South Carolina), 35.
3) Defence
Defence serves as an interaction platform between the student, the supervisor and the
readers where the student has a chance to present his/her research, explain his/her
methods, account for his/her choices and if need be defend his/her standpoints and the
supervisor and the readers have a chance to ask questions and/or clarifications with
regard to the choice of literature, research method, standpoints or particular passages, and
give feedback.
Defence takes 30-40 min. and it is organized as follows:
Preliminary discussion of the jury members (the student is not present)
Student‟s presentation of his/her research
15-20 minutes for feedback and questions,
5 minutes for discussion/deliberation of the jury members (the student is not
present)
The supervisor opens the discussion and he/she also acts as a moderator.
The student is allowed to bring a copy of his/her thesis –with possible notes - to the
defense, keeping in mind though that he/she will not have time to look for or read
through individual passages unless explicitly asked for.
Language used at the defense is English.
Quality Enhancement Cell Hazara University
Title of the Thesis
By
Name of Student
Department of Quality Enhancement Cell
Hazara University
Mansehra
2013
Quality Enhancement Cell Hazara University
Title of the Thesis
A thesis submitted to the
Department of -------------------------
Hazara University Mansehra,
In
Partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
Only Department name
By
STUDENT NAME
Faculty of Name
Department Name
Hazara University Mansehra
2013
This copy of the thesis has been supplied on the condition that anyone consulting it is
understood to recognize that the copyright rests with the author and that neither
quotations from the thesis, nor any information derived therefrom may be published
without the author‟s prior written consent.
Quality Enhancement Cell Hazara University
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE
COMPASSIONATE, THE
MERCIFUL
AND HIS LAST PROPHET
MUHAMMAD
(PEACE BE UPON HIM)
Quality Enhancement Cell Hazara University
Declaration
The work presented in this thesis was carried out by myself under the supervision of -
-------Supervisor name--------, -------Designation------, ------Name of faculty eg
Faculty of Health Sciences-----, -----Department of-------------, Hazara University,
Mansehra, and -----co-supervisor if any--------, -------Designation------, -----city eg
Islamabad------. The conclusions are my own research after numerous discussions
with my supervisor and co supervisor.
I have not presented any part of this work for any other degree.
Student name
We certify that to the best of our knowledge above statement is correct.
Supervisor name
Any Co-supervisor
Quality Enhancement Cell Hazara University
Certificate
This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “---------------------Bold-------------------------
------------------------------------------” submitted by Mr. -----------------------------------------
for the award of Master of philosophy in (Department name), is based on the results of
studies carried out by him in the Hazara University, Mansehra and at the (if any other
collaborative Institute name, city name, under our guidance and supervision during the
research. The dissertation or any part of it has not been previously submitted for any
other degree.
Internal Examiner/ __________________________
Supervisor:
Internal Examiner/ __________________________
Co-Supervisor:
External Examiner: __________________________
Dean/Chairman: __________________________
Dated:…………./…………./2013