PRESENTATION TOPIC:

HARBOUR DOCK

ENGINEERING

GROUP MEMBERS:

KASHIF ALI KHAN

IZHAR AHMAD

SEYED BAKTH JAMAL SHAH

HARBOUR: › SHELTERED AREA

› FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING OF CARGO

› VESSELS ARE ALSO BUILT, REPAIR, AND

LAUNCH

CLASSIFICATION:

1. NATURAL HARBOUR

2. SEMI NATURAL HARBOUR

3. ARTIFICIAL HARBOUR

NATURAL HARBOURS: A harbor, is a place

where ships, boats, and barges can seek

shelter from stormy weather.

SEMI NATURAL HARBOUR: Same as natural but harbour

needs some artificial and man made

construction

ARTIFICIAL HARBOUR: Harbour having no natural

protection but artificial arrangement are

made to protect the harbour from storm

and wind.

REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD

HARBOR: › The depth of a harbor should be sufficient for

every type of visiting ships.

› The bottom of harbor should provide secured

anchorage to hold the ships against high winds.

› To prevent destructive wave action, break water

are provided.

› The entrance of a harbor should be wide

enough to provide the easy passage of ships.

DEFECTS IN HARBOR: › Depth of water is found insufficient for

different ships.

› The size of harbor is found insufficient to accommodate the increased traffic.

› Obstruction

› These defects can easily be avoided at the time of planning and designing.

SIZE OF A HARBOUR Size depends upon:

# of ships

length:275m-300m

width:30m

HARBOUR PLANNING

It should be carried out after collecting

necessary information of the existing

features at the proposed site.

Following important facts should be

studied.

A thorough survey of the neighborhood

including the foreshore & depths of

water is necessary

Nature of a harbor wether sheltered or

not, be studied

The existance of sea insects & various

animals residing at site.

Natural phenomena’s concerning

planning of a harbour are:

Storms

Rainfall

Range of tides

Maximum & minimum temperatures

Direction & intensity of wind etc

SITE SELECTION: Following factors play a

great role in the choice of site of a harbour.

1.Availability of cheap land & contruction material.

2.Natural protection from waves & winds

3.transport & communication facilities

4.industrial development of the locality

5.Sea bed,sub soil & foundation

conditions

6.Avaibility of electrical energy

7.Defence & strategic aspects

8.trafic potentiality of harbour

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION: 1. HARBOR OF REFUGE

2. COMMERCIAL HARBOR

3. FISHRY HARBOR

4. MILLITARY HARBOR OR NAVEL BASE

HARBOR OF REFUGE: The harbor used for ships in

storms or emergency condition.

good anchorage and safe and easy

access from the sea.

e.g: DOVER IN ENGLAND

COMMERCIAL HARBOR: Facilities for loading and

unloading of cargo are provided.

The may be:

1. Part of bigger complex harbor

2. Independent unit or single commodity harbor.

3. Terminal as oil terminal, coal port.

FISHRY HARBOR: Provided for fishing crafts and

trawlers.

MILLITARY HARBOR: This harbor is meant for

accommodating naval crafts and serves

as a supply deport.

The layout of this type of harbor is

greatly influenced by its location.

FEATURES OF A HARBOR: 1. Entrance Channels

2. Berthing Basin

3. Break Water

4. Turning Basin

5. Pier Head

6. Wharves

7. Jetties

ENTRANCE CHANNEL: › Depth and width are kept more at entrance

› Width depends upon density of traffic and

no: of entrances

BERTHING AND TURNING

BASINS: › Berthing basins are used for the parking of

ships

› While turning for the turning of ships

BREAK WATER: › The structure constructed to protect harbor

from storm waves

› They are generally stone masonry

PIER HEAD:

› The structure provided at the tip of break

water

› Such as light house

WHARVES:

› The structure constructed parallel to the

shore or break water, having wide plate form

at the top

› Function is to permit berthing of vessel along

side for cargo working

JETTIES:

› Same as wharves

› Used for loading and unloading of cargo

› Made usually from shore towards sea water to prevent silting and dredging to allow free

flow of tidal currents

DOCK: › A dock is dug out and usually has gates so

that the water level is kept up even though

the tide has gone out.

› A dock is for mooring ships for cargo or

passenger exchange, or sometimes repair.

HARBOR: › A harbour may be natural or partly dug out,

or even made with floating materials. It

doesn't have gates, but may have a narrow entrance.

› Provides safe anchoring or mooring for ships

PORTS: › A port is a location on a coast or shore

containing one or more harbors where ships

can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land.

THANK YOU