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High-Stress Abrasion and Impact-Abrasion
Testing of Wear Resistant Steels
Vilma Ratia, Kati Valtonen, Minnamari Vippola and
Veli-Tapani Kuokkala Tampere University of Technology,
Department of Materials Science, Tampere Wear Center,
Tampere, Finland
Anu Kemppainen Ruukki Metals Oy, Finland
Presented at:
International Tribology Conference
Hiroshima, Japan
30.10.-3.11.2011
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Greetings from Tampere, Finland
25.11.2014
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Tampere Wear Center - TWC
Metals
Composites
Polymers
Coatings
Ceramics
Collaborating universities and research institutes
TWC
- Basic research on wear
- Wear in various applications
- Design for better wear resistance
- Selection and development of wear resistant materials
Companies
- Expertise in processes- Design
- Wear in various industrial
applications
- Selection of materials
- Business models
TUT / DMS
- Testing- Manufacturing
- Modelling
- Simulation
- Characterization - Corrosion
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Contents
• Introduction
• Materials and methods
• Results and discussion:
• Mass loss vs. hardness
• Wear surfaces
• Conclusions
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Introduction: Why to test?
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Materials and methods: Materials
Abrasive: Granite
• From Sorila quarry, Finland
• Abrasiveness 1920 g/t
• Crushability 34%
Material Crushing pin-on-disc Uniaxial crusher Impeller-tumbler
S355 162 162 154
Raex 400 368 368 403
Raex 450 456 445 456
Raex 500 492 469 492
Hardness [HBW] of the tested materials:
Materials and methods: Methods
Crushing pin-on-disc Uniaxial crusher Impeller-tumbler
sample
Method Type Motion Force Abrasive size
Crushing pin-on-disc High-stress abrasion crushing 200 N 2-10 mm
sliding
Uniaxial crusher High-stress abrasion crushing 53 kN 4-6.3 mm
Impeller-tumbler Impact-abrasion impact N/A 10-12.5 mm
sliding
Results and discussion: Mass loss vs. hardness
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Hardness [HBW]
Mass
lo
ss v
s. re
fere
nce (
Raex
40
0) Crushing pin-on-disc
Uniaxial crusher
Impeller-tumbler
Results and discussion: Wear surfaces of samples
tested with crushing pin-on-disc
S355 Raex 400
Results and discussion:
Wear surfaces of samples tested with uniaxial crusher
S355 Raex 500
Results and discussion:
Wear surfaces of samples tested with impeller-tumbler
S355 Raex 400
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Conclusions
• Effect of hardness on wear resistance varied
Crushing abrasion (uniaxial crushing)
Three-body abrasion (crushing pin-on-disc)
Impact-abrasion (impeller-tumbler)
• Wear surfaces
• More plastic deformation in steels with lower hardness
• Larger surface formations
• Scratches more visible in harder steels
• Less plastic deformation
• Transition in wear mechanism
• Cutting
Thank you for your attention!