HMA Quiet Pavement Overview

Illinois Bituminous Paving Conference Urbana, Illinois

December 7,2006

Mark Swanlund

Office of Pavement Technology

Presentation Outline

• Sources of traffic noise• Tire-pavement noise mechanisms• Methods for reducing noise on HMA • Ongoing research

Sources of Traffic Noise

Source: Ulf Sandberg

Components of Tire-Pavement Noise

Microtexture Macrotexture Megatexture

1 mm 10 mm 100 mm 1 m 10 m

Roughness

100μm10μm1μm 100 m1/8 in. 1 in. 1 ft. 10 ft. 100 ft.10 mil1 mil0.1 mil

Rolling Resistance

Ride Quality

Wet Weather Friction

Dry Weather Friction

Tire Wear Vehicle Wear

In-Vehicle Noise

Tire-Pavement Noise

Splash and Spray

Good Bad

Key:

Textu

reW

avele

ngth

PIAR

CCa

tegor

yPa

veme

nt Su

rface

Cha

racte

ristic

(PSC

)Inf

luenc

eTexture-Noise Relationship

Source: Iowa State University

Pavement Factors

Source: Ulf Sandberg

No. Parameter Degree of influence

1 Macrotexture Very high

2 Megatexture High

3 Microtexture Low -moderate

4 Unevenness Minor

5 Porosity Very high

6 Thickness of layer High, for porous surfaces

7 Adhesion (normal) Low/moderate

8 Friction (tangent.) See microtexture

9 Stiffness Uncertain, moderate (?)

Pavement Factors – Texture

-2

-1

0

1

2(mm)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 (mm)

Negative skewNegative texture

-1

0

1

2(mm) Positive skew

Positive texture

Source: Ulf Sandberg

Pavement Technologies

• Asphalt technologies– Fine Superpave mixes– Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA)– Porous Friction Course

Fine Superpave Mixes

Fine Superpave Mixes

• Small aggregate size• Fine gradation• Dense graded• Pooled fund

12.5 mm Superpave Design Gradations

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

Sieve Size (FHWA 0.45 Power Chart)

Perc

ent P

assi

ng

SMA 12.5 Fine OGFC

Noise Level vs. Aggregate Size

NCAT Report 06-06

A-Weighted SPL Superpave

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

316 398 501 631 794 1000 1259 1585 1995 2512 3162 3981Freq (Hz)

Soun

d Le

vel (

dBA

)

4.75mm Superpave9.5mm Superpave12.5mm Superpave

Source: Univ. of Washington

Stone Matrix Asphalt

Stone Matrix Asphalt

• Small aggregate size• Gap-graded

aggregate(usually from coarse aggregate

• Manufactured sands and mineral filler

• Asphalt binder typically modified

Source: Univ. of Washington

Stone Matrix Asphalt

Source: Univ. of Washington, Mark Swanlund

NCAT Report 06-06

Noise Level vs. Aggregate SizeA-Weighted SPL SMA

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

316 398 501 631 794 1000 1259 1585 1995 2512 3162 3981 Freq (Hz)

Soun

d Le

vel (

dBA

) 9.5mm SMA12.5mm SMA19mm SMA

Porous Friction Course

Courtesy of Doug Hanson

• Small aggregate size• Open-graded aggregate

– High volume of voids≥ 20% air voids, in place

• Thick asphalt binder coating

• Array of tortuous pores• Dissipates energy through

friction• Reduce surface area and

slip-stick or slap• Reduces horn effect• Modified binders may

increase elasticity

Porous Friction Course

Porous Friction Course

Source: Mark Swanlund

98.693.891.5Noise Level17 %--Air Voids6.145.005.42Fineness Modulus3.221.2No. 200-11-No. 169-6No. 8

144538No. 456951003/8 inch89100-½ inch

100--¾ inch

12.5 mm9.5 mm4.75 mmNominal Max Size

AL 1 – 72Nevada1Arizona1Gradation

OGFC GRADATIONS

Courtesy of Doug Hanson

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000

Frequency (Hz)

Noi

se L

evel

(dB

)

Nevada - {93.8 dB(A)}

Alabama {98.6 dB(A)}

Arizona - {91.5 dB(A)}

Courtesy of Doug Hanson

Porous Friction Course

Source: Ulf Sandberg

CPX trailer, 4 ref tires

Source: Ulf Sandberg

Pavement Performance

Open-graded Asphalt

Concrete

Typical Sound Intensity (dBA)1101081061041021009896

Dense-graded Asphalt

Source: Transtec CPSC

Pavement Performance

POP QUIZ

Quiet or Loud?

10 mm

Calcined Bauxite, 1-3mm

10 mm

Zebragrip, CalcinedBauxite, 1-3mm

Dense graded HMA, 20M ESALs, 19mm

20 mm

10 mm

Superpave, 9.5mm, 20M ESALS, 0.8mm MTD

Milled Asphalt

20 mm

Hot Rolled Asphalt 20mm

20 mm

OGFC, 20M ESALs,

NMS 12.5mm, MTD 1.6mm

20 mm

Ongoing Research

• NCAT and Purdue University– development & evaluation of low noise

pavements• Poroelastic Road Surface (PERS)

NCAT and Purdue Quiet Pavement Development

• Develop and evaluate quiet pavement technology – Double layer porous– Thin, gap-graded asphalt layers

AU 4-C2 Sections

TrackLayer 2

9.5 DGA4.75 DGA9.5 SMA4.75 SMA< 4.75 SMALayer 1 (1¼ inches)

S 8S 7S 6 S 5S 4

TrackLayer 2

9.5 DGA4.75 DGA9.5 SMA4.75 SMA< 4.75 SMALayer 1 (1¼ inches)

S 8S 7S 6 S 5S 4

South Tangent

TrackPEMPEMAZ OGFCTrackLayer 2 (1 ¼ inches)

PEMPEMAZ OGFCAZ OGFCAZ OGFCLayer 1 (1 ¼ inches)

N 9N 8N 7N 6 N 5

TrackPEMPEMAZ OGFCTrackLayer 2 (1 ¼ inches)

PEMPEMAZ OGFCAZ OGFCAZ OGFCLayer 1 (1 ¼ inches)

N 9N 8N 7N 6 N 5

North Tangent

Courtesy of Doug Hanson

AZ OGFC and Georgia PEM

20 mm

AU 4-C2 Sections

TrackLayer 2

9.5 DGA4.75 DGA9.5 SMA4.75 SMA< 4.75 SMALayer 1 (1¼ inches)

S 8S 7S 6 S 5S 4

TrackLayer 2

9.5 DGA4.75 DGA9.5 SMA4.75 SMA< 4.75 SMALayer 1 (1¼ inches)

S 8S 7S 6 S 5S 4

South Tangent

TrackPEMPEMAZ OGFCTrackLayer 2 (1 ¼ inches)

PEMPEMAZ OGFCAZ OGFCAZ OGFCLayer 1 (1 ¼ inches)

N 9N 8N 7N 6 N 5

TrackPEMPEMAZ OGFCTrackLayer 2 (1 ¼ inches)

PEMPEMAZ OGFCAZ OGFCAZ OGFCLayer 1 (1 ¼ inches)

N 9N 8N 7N 6 N 5

North Tangent

Courtesy of Doug Hanson

AU 4-C2 Sections

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

OGFC/PEM(N 7)

Thick OGFC(N 6)

Thin OGFC(N 5)

PEM(Original)

Thick PEM(N 8)

DGA(Original)

Thin PEM (N9)

SMA(Original)

Noi

se L

evel

(dB

(A))

OBSI Spectra @60 MPH, GDYR

Source NCAT Report 06-04

A-Weighted OBSI Porous Asphalt

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

316 398 501 631 794 1000 1259 1585 1995 2512 3162 3981Freq (Hz)

Soun

d Le

vel (

dBA

)

N5 Thin OGFCN6 Thick OGFCN7 OGFC/PEMN8 Thick PEMN9 Thin PEM

Poroelastic Road Surface (PERS)

Source: Ulf Sandberg

Poroelastic Road Surface (PERS)

Source: Ulf Sandberg

Poroelastic Road Surface (PERS)

Source: Ulf Sandberg

Thank You

Mark SwanlundOffice of Pavement Technology