Post on 03-Jul-2020
transcript
TOD strategy in LAC Region
Vanessa Velasco, Urban Specialist.welascobernal@worldbank.org
Source: Metro Sabana,2017
HOW TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT -TOD -COULD TRANSFORM URBAN SPACE
1. TOD context
2. How TOD supports urban transformation• Key aspects for implementing TOD • Urban Transformation trougth TOD • Key aspects for implementing TOD in LAC• Urban Transformation trougth TOD in LAC
3. Developing a TOD strategy• General strategy LAC• Lima Metro Project
TOD Context 1
Resilient toNatural Hazards
More Competitive
Access and MobilityLower Transport and Housing
cost
High quality neighborhoods with lower infrastructure costs and lower CO2
Partly self financing by
capturing value created
WHY TOD?
Source: Gerard Ollivier, World Bank TOD-COP 2018
TOD HAS A KEY ROLE IN URBAN TRANSFORMATION
Positive outputs of TOD include: higher economic productivity in densified areas, and residents spend lower income on transport and housing in nearest stations.
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Social Aspect
Institutional Categories Infrastructure Categories
For TOD implementation, it is necessary to engage different stakeholders using physical and technical instruments, social agreements and enabling factors
TOD HAS A KEY ROLE IN URBAN TRANSFORMATION
Source: Gerard Ollivier, World Bank TOD-COP 2018
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Regulatory framework for TOD implementation include: urban regulations, institutional framework and municipal finance tools
TOD HAS A KEY ROLE IN URBAN TRANSFORMATION
Source: Autor, based on Gerard Ollivier, World Bank TOD-COP 2018
National and Municipal Regulations
Land Use Planning Municipal FinanceInstitutional
How TOD supports urban transformation
2
Key aspects should include: scoping, planning, financing and implementation of TOD
KEY ASPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTING TOD
Source: Gerard Ollivier, World Bank TOD-COP 2018
comercio
Rural LandReadjusted Land
Univ. Housing Housing Retail
• Tokyu Corportation: Urban and Transport Development Corporation
• Owner of Metro Stations and Land Bank for nearest áreas
Transport OperationBusiness
Real Estate Business Line
Land Readjustment/ (re)development
Housing
Offices / Hotel
Station secureshigh user demand
TOKIO- TokyuCorporation
Source: Murakami, Jin. 2012. Transit Value Capture
Key aspects include: an strong urban and transport corporation, a planning instrument including land assembly, and station secures higher usser demand .
URBAN TRANSFORMATION THROUGH TOD
A B C D F Fa b c d e f
publicA,B,C,D,E & Fa, b, c, d, e, & f
abcd
fe
sale $ Subsidie
Social infrastructure
New Urban regulation, Biggest FAR
Scheme for (re)Development and land use incluse renewal Project incentral areas
TOKIO (re)Development Metro Tokio (urban areas)
Fuente: Murakami, 2010; Suzuki, Murakami, Hong and Tamayose, 2013
Key aspects include: revenues of real estate project finance public social infrastructure
URBAN TRANSFORMATION TROUGH TOD
Unbalance in LAC countries related to scoping, planning, and financing tools for implementing TOD
KEY ASPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTING TOD IN LAC CITIES
Source: Author, 2018
Country Scoping Planning Financing Implementation
Argentina Macro-Micro level National-Subnational planning-implementation
LVC, Municipal Finance Tools
Subnational and National Leadership, IA
Bolivia Macro-Micro level National- planning Municipal Finance National leadership
Brazil Macro-Micro level Municipal-National planning-implementation
LVC, urban development, municipal finance
SPV, Local Political Leadership, IA
Colombia Macro-Micro level Municipal-National planning-implementation
LVC, urban development, municipal finance
SPV, IA, National political leadership
Ecuador Macro-Micro level National-Municipal planning- implementation
Urban development, municipal finance
Local and National Political Leadership
Peru Macro-Micro level National-Subnational planning-implementation
LVC, Municipal Finance Tools
National Leadership, IA
Mexico Macro-Micro level National-Subnational planning-implementation
LVC, Municipal Finance Tools
National - subnational leadership, IA
Uruguay Macro-Micro level National- planning Municipal Finance National leadership
Paraguay Macro-Micro level National- planning Municipal Finance National leadership
Costa Rica
Macro-Micro level National- planning Municipal Finance National leadership
Strategic urban projects and densification could give additional land value
Sustainable urban projects
Economic growth of cities1) Instruments for financing the
future urban development trough capture the potential value of the land
a. Additional development rightsb. Impact Feesc. Tax Increment Financing-TIFd. Betterment and leviese. PPP
Highest land value could finance urban development
How to finance urban development?
Strategic public investment ( infrastructure + transport + land use accessibility and ) creates land value
Financing of urban infrastructure
Instruments for financing future urban development in LAC are relatively new and main destination is urban infrastructure
KEY ASPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTING TOD IN LAC CITIES
Strategic urban projects and densification
Sustainable urban projects
Economic growth of cities
Financing of urban infrastructure
Highest land value could finance urban development
How to finance urban
development?
Strategic public investment= infrastructure + transport + land use
2) Instruments to capture the value of the land after urban development -EX-POST infrastructure investmentsa. Property taxb. Plusvalee capture
Instruments for financing future urban development in LAC are frequently used, main destination is municipal budget, affordable housing and urban infrastructure
KEY ASPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTING TOD IN LAC CITIES
Strategic urban projects and densification
Sustainable urban projects
Economic growth of citiesHighest land value could
finance urban development
How to finance urban development?
Strategic public investment= infrastructure + transport + land use
3) Urban operation including multiple land value capture instruments –LVC-1. Urban Operation (PP, operaciones interlagadas)2. Land readjustment Financing of urban
infrastructure
KEY ASPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTING TOD IN LAC CITIES
Instruments for financing future urban development in LAC are relatively new and main destination is urban infrastructure
URBAN TRANSFORMATION THROUGH TOD IN LAC
PlanningManagement
Land use plan “PartialPlan/ Operaciones
Interligadas”
Planning instrument that transforms extended portions of land trough “land pooling” toguarantee an equitable distribution between the cost of urban infrastructure and the benefitsof urban development.
Building and urban infrastructure codes, and land
use regulations
Conditions for stakeholder’s participation
Distribution of benefits (FAR) and cost (urban
infrastructure)
Scope for the project
Land management processes
Institutional schemes
Stakeholder’s participation
Land management processes
Institutional schemes
Colombia planning framework has an instrument (PP) combining landmanagement and urban development process
Urban Regulations Framework
BRT Station, PP. ESTACION CENTRAL, Bogota
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Source: ERU, 2014
Conditions Objectives
• Part of the
Macro project
of the Center
Area
• 10,5 hectares
– 3 UAU
• 5000
Inhabitants
• 60% of current
activities are
commerce,
local service,
20%
educational
services and
20% residential
area
• Completion Date 2018 – 3-phase
plan
• 235,0000m2 of mix use
development, 140,000m2 of
office space, 60,000m2 of retail,
25,000 m2 of housing of middle
income level and affordable
housing, and 10,000 m2 of
education
• 4,6 hectares of open spaces and
urban infrastructure
• Public SPV: ERU-TRANSMILENIO
• BRT STATION 60% cost financed
by utilities of urban
development
• 20% of land approved by the PP
is for affordable housing
Integrated project’s scope: Urban transformation including social inclusion andtransport infrastructure
URBAN TRANSFORMATION THROUGH TOD IN LAC
Readjusted Land
Univ. Housing Housing Retail
• Public Urban Development Corportation: planning, land bank, and real estate planning functions. In charge of private developer agreement.
• Transport Corporation: BRT operation, and transport infrastructure
Transport Infrastructure and Affordable housing
cost is paid by urban development
Real Estate BusineesLine
Land Readjustment/ (re)development/eminent domain
Housing
Office / Hotel
Station secureshigh user demand
ERU-TRANSMILENIO
Source: Author based on ERU,2018.
Key aspects include: a non effective IA between TM and ERU; higher expectation of land owners in revenues of the urban development; and long-term political changes.
URBAN TRANSFORMATION TROUGH TOD
FAR Affordable H
BRT Station, PPESTACION CENTRAL, Bogota
LAND MANAGEMENT AND STAKE HOLDERS PARTICIPATION
.
Each UAU project has its own prefeasibility process. However, an integrated landmanagement strategy aligning 3 UAU is needed for the whole partial planimplementation
URBAN TRANSFORMATION TROUGH TOD IN LAC
BRT Station, PP ESTACION CENTRAL, Bogota
Source: ERU, 2014
ECONOMIC INCLUSIONLOCAL BUSINESSCOMPENSATION
REAL ESTATE PROJECT
SOCIALINCLUSION
LAND OWNERS AND INVESTORS:
EXCHANGE RATIO CURRENT M2 /NEW M2 CONSTRUCTION
FOR RESIDENT LAND OWNERS/HOUSING
COMPENSATION UNIT
PARTICIPATIONNEIGHBORHOOD RESIDENTS IN FORMULATION OF PP AND LAND MANAGMENT SCHEME
URBAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION –SPV
TRANSMILENIO LAND OWNER : 60% OF
CONSTRUCTION COST OF THE BRT STATION
BRT Station, PP. PEDREGAL, Bogota
URBAN TRANSFORMATION TROUGH TOD IN LAC
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Conditions Objectives
• 6,5 hectares
– 1 UAU
• 50% of
current
activities are
commerce,
local service,
• 20%
educational
services and
30%
residential
area
• Completion Date 2018 – 2 phase plan
• 115,0000m2 of mix use development,
20,000m2 of retail, and 85,000m2 of
commerce offices, affordable housing
obligation was transfer to Metrovivienda land
bank
• 3 hectares of open spaces including 2 BRT
stations, an underground transport public
depot, and urban infrastructure
• Private developer joint with TRANSMILENIO
• 2 BRT STATION, 1 public depot, and
transport connection infrastructure “anillo
vial” are 100% cost financed by utilities of
urban development
• Land acquisition was made by the private
owner before/after PP approval
Integrated project’s scope: Urban transformation including economicdevelopment, and transport public facilities and urban infrastructure
Readjusted Land
Retail
• Private Urban Development Corportation: planning, land acquisition, real estate development
• Transport Corporation: BRT operation, and transport infrastructure
Transport Infrastructure and public facilities cost paid by
urban development
Real Estate BusineesLine
(re)development/Land acquisition
Offices
Offices / Hotel
Stationssecures highuser demand
ALDEA PROYECTOS -TRANSMILENIO (TM)
Source: Author based on ALDEA,2018.
Key aspects include: a non effective IA between private developer and TM/IDU, technical and political disagreements that changes the project in long term perspective.
URBAN TRANSFORMATION TROUGH TOD
PEDREGAL, Bogota
Transport Depot
Developing a TOD strategy in LAC 3
IMPLEMENTING TOD IN LAC CITIES TROUGH TRANSPORT PROJECTS
1. Regional
2. Local• Multimodal Integration
• Urban Context of Lima: opportunity áreas, job areas, (re) Development zonning areas , CDB, socio-economic development (local) y social + participation process
3. National
Accesibility analysis to determine potential central áreas and developingthrough TOD .
LINE 2 METRO OF LIMA
.
Accesibility anaysis shows areas were public facilities, public services, real estate market demand, and employment areas are concentrated, over theMetro Line 2 corridor. Some of the areas were selected as TOD pilots
LINE 2 METRO OF LIMA
Source: WB,2016
Urban redevelopment
program
Accesibility and Integration Plan
Metro L2
Concession L2 + corridor L4
Tarifary integration Policy ofthe Metropolitan TransportSystem
+
Potencial of urbanredevelopment areas
articulated withimprovement of local
accesibility (pedestrian, roads) in the Line 2
Source: Felipe Targa, WB,2016.
LINE 2 METRO OF LIMA
Key aspects for pilots development include: an effective IA between private developer and national and subnational governments; flexible LVC and planning instruments; PPP agreements; and political changes strategy in a long term perspective.
Thank you