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Praxis Seminar Luftfahrt
Lecturefollowed by discussion
Entry free !No registration required !
DGLR
Deutsche Gesellschaftfür Luft- und RaumfahrtLilienthal-Oberth e.V.
VDIVerein Deutscher IngenieureHamburger Bezirksverein e.V.
Arbeitskreis Luft- und Raumfahrt
Invitation to an RAeS lecture in cooperation with the DGLR and VDI
Date: Donnerstag, 07 April 2016, 18:00Location: HAW Hamburg
Berliner Tor 5, (Neubau), Hörsaal 01.12
Hybrid elektrische Antriebe sind in bestimmten Marktsegmenten nichts Neues. Sie kommen bereits zur Anwendungbei PKW’s, LKW’s, Bussen oder Schiffen. Die große Herausforderung besteht darin, diese Technologie in denLuftfahrtmarkt zu übertragen.Die Kombination von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und elektrischen Komponenten sowohl mit hoher Energie- alsauch Leistungsdichte wäre die Grundlage für zwei wesentliche Veränderungen:• Eine hybride Architektur würde zu einer Verbesserung des Gesamtwirkungsgrades der Antriebskette beitragen.• Synergien zwischen Technologiebausteinen würden zu einer Erweiterung des Flugzeugentwurfsraumes beitragenDieser Vortrag liefert allgemeine Informationen über das Potential hybrid elektrischer Antriebe in der kommerziellenLuftfahrt und über aktuelle Entwicklungsaktivitäten im Rahmen von Clean Sky 2.
Peter Rostek arbeitete nach seinem Abschluss an der TU Berlin 1999 für fünf Jahre dort als wissenschaftlicherMitarbeiter im Institut für Leichtbau. Seit 2004 hat er in verschiedenen Positionen für das FPO bei Airbus inHamburg gearbeitet, speziell im Bereich Rumpfauslegung und Nutzlastintegration. Seit Mitte 2013 konzentriert ersich inhaltlich auf neue langfristige Konzepte. Seit 2014 ist Herr Rostek Technology Product Leader Novel Energybei Airbus in Hamburg..
Hybrid Elektrische Antriebe – Paradigmenwechsel fürden Flugzeugentwurf?
Dipl.-Ing. Peter RostekAirbus Operations GmbH, Hamburg
Macchi_52,_1929Trent Meteor
Alpha Jet
Edited version of original presentation
Download fromhttp://hamburg.dglr.dewww.raes-hamburg.de
Airbus Confidential
Hybrid Electric Propulsion A Potential Paradigm Shift for Overall Aircraft Design?
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
RAeS / Hamburg Peter ROSTEK
Project Leader Hybrid Electric Propulsion
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Content
• Background • Fully Electric Propulsion • Hybrid Electric Propulsion • Conclusion
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Background
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Airbus project leader for hybrid electric propulsion
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
Futu
re P
roje
cts
Offi
ce
• Development of Aircraft Concepts
• Focus on Potential Future Products
Res
earc
h &
Tec
hnol
ogy
Prog
ram
me • Development of
Technology Bricks
• Focus on Hybrid Electric Propulsion
R&T Integration Sector Manager
Novel Energy Technology Product Leader
Target Setting
Technology Integration
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Airbus is a European aircraft manufacturer with several global branches
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
I am here !
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Airbus aircraft families are covering a capacity range from 100 to 500+ passenger seats
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Fully Electric Propulsion
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
More development activities resulted in higher power levels
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
LiIo
n/Li
Po c
omm
erci
ally
ava
ilabl
e
MB-E1
Solair 1
Taurus G4
eGenius
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Solair 1
What are the limits of fully electric propulsion
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
? We want both
high power and
high voltage
LiIo
n/Li
Po c
omm
erci
ally
ava
ilabl
e Page 9
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
With current battery technology fully electric propulsion is impossible in commercial aviation
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
A319: 800 nm / 140 PAX Conventional Kerosene
30 kg Kerosene per PAX Fully Electric
1000 kg Battery per PAX
Assumptions Energy Density of Kerosene 12000 Wh/kg Energy Density of Battery 120 Wh/kg Efficiency Factor of eMotor 3
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
How to build a bridge between small fully electric a/c and large hybrid electric a/c
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Hybrid Electric Propulsion
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
The huge challenge is to transfer this technology into the commercial aviation market
Hybrid Electric Propulsion...
...is nothing new for other markets.
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
Queen Mary 2
20 MW / 180 rpm 0.2 to 0.4 kW/kg
Liebherr Mining Truck
3 MW 0.25 kW/kg Porsche Panamera Hybrid
0.07 MW / 5500 rpm 1 to 2 kW/kg
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
High efficiency of electric sub architecture to boost overall efficiency of hybrid system architecture
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
98% 93% Useful Energy 100% Battery System
Converters and Cables
Electric Motor
Energy Storage Power Transmission Propulsion
Unit
100% 42% Useful Energy 100%
Geared Fan/Prop Fuel
Tank Fuel Lines
Gas Turbine
Above 50% Overall Efficiency
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Parallel system architecture to provide additional drive power for specific flight phases
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
Gas Turbine
Prop
ulsi
on U
nit
Gearbox
Mechanical Connection
Cooling Connection Electric DC Connection
Electric AC Connection 1: Battery Management System
Battery +
BMS1
Electric Network Cooling System
Electric Network
eMotor eGenerator
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Serial system architecture to separate power generation from thrust generation
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
Mechanical Connection
Cooling Connection Electric DC Connection
Electric AC Connection
Battery +
BMS1
Electric Network Cooling System
Back-Up Gas Turbine
Main Gas Turbine
Rectifier eGenerator
1: Battery Management System
Prop
ulsi
on U
nit
Gearbox eMotor Controller
Electric Network Cooling System
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Energy management over mission profile is key to boost efficieny
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
Takeoff
Climb
Cruise
Approach
Landing
Taxi Out = = Taxi In
or
+ +
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Energy management over mission profile is key to boost efficieny
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
Hop 1 Hop 2
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
There is a potential for hybrid electric propulsion – Initially for regional range a/c
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
Block Energy:
• used on a block mission • stored both in fuel and in batteries
Block Energy Benefit < Block Fuel Benefit
Hybrid A/C more efficient than Conventional A/C
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
For big commercial a/c hybrid electric propulsion is the key enabler for further technology bricks
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
Block Energy Benefit Hybrid vs. Conventional
(simplified trend line)
0%
50%
100%
Dire
ct Im
pact
on
Blo
ck E
nerg
y B
enef
it
Hybrid A/C more efficient than Conventional A/C
Hybrid Electric Propulsion
Further Technology Bricks
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Synergies between technology bricks will open the design space for overall aircraft design
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
Distributed Electric
Propulsion
Boundary Layer
Ingestion
Differential Thrust Control
Reduced Control
Surfaces
Wing Surface Blowing
Integrated Systems
Architecture
Aircraft Mission
Adaptation
Hybrid Electric
Propulsion
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Distributed Electric Propulsion – Example
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
© NASA © Tecnam
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
NASA “X-Plane” to demonstrate an increase in cruise efficiency by using a wing that is sized for cruise and not for take-off and landing
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
HEIST Ground Demonstrator: Validate lift augmentation at low speed
provided by electric propellers blowing air over the wing
LEAPTech Project Concept: Tecnam P2600T twin-engine light aircraft
modified with a distributed electric propulsion wing
SCEPTOR Flight Demonstrator: 12 high lift props (Ø0.6m, 14kW@55kt,
4550rpm) plus 2 cruise flight props (Ø1.5m, 48kW@150kt, 2250rpm)
© NASA / JOBY © NASA / JOBY © NASA / JOBY
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Boundary Layer Ingestion – Example
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Bauhaus Luftfahrt “Propulsive Fuselage” to reduce the effective drag of the aircraft while the propulsive efficiency of the powerplant is improved
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Potential Paradigm Shift for Overall Aircraft Design: Propulsion system architecture will become a driver for overall aircraft design
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
Classical OAD: A/C Performance First Systems Integration Last
Future OAD: Systems Architecture First Aircraft Configuration Last
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Technology demonstrators to validate basic assumptions and to drive technology maturations
Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1 07 April 2016
Hybrid Ground Demonstrator 1.0
Hybrid Ground Demonstrator 2.0
2030+
Hybrid G/A
Hybrid H/C
Hybrid UAV
Hybrid NRA
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Airbus Group is already in the air: eGenius, CriCri, Hybrid Dimona and E-Fan 1.0
07 April 2016
http://wemakeitfly.airbus-group.com/
Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
eGenius Electric Motorglider Research Platform
MTOW 950kg Power 60kW
Range 400km
Diamond E-Star 2 Serial Hybrid Motorglider MTOW 900kg Power 65kW
eFan Electric Trainer
MTOW 550kg Power 60kW
Endurance 1h
Green CriCri Testbed MTOW 180kg Power 11kW
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
The European research project CleanSky2 is aiming for potential future products in 2035
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
One of the Main Topics:
Demonstration of Hybrid Electric Propulsion
(System Test Bench 2014-19)
Small Applications are small steps on the road to
Large Applications
Large Applications focused in LPA Sector
Small Applications initiated in SAT Sector
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Several National research initiatives are connected to CleanSky2
• Both European and National research projects are open for SME and for universities/research entities.
• Generally National research projects are of bigger funding volume to tackle bigger projects.
• Beyond public funded research there is also substantial self funded research with partners at Airbus.
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
Projects and Partners Proposal
CleanSky2 EU
RollsRoyce
DLR
ONERA
LuFo5-2 D
Siemens
KIT
TUM
DGAC F Safran
TSB UK
RollsRoyce
Cranfield University
I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV
EU CleanSky2 IADP-LPA WP1.6.1/2
D LuFo5-2 'TELOS'
F DGAC projects F CORAC
UK 'DEAP'
Activity2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Status: Proposed
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Challengers on system component level could enrich this research partnership network
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
Champions Champions
+ Challengers
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Conclusion
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
The challenges we see will only be met on a joint European Research Platform
• Hybrid electric propulsion is the key enabler for further technology bricks and towards European targets for energy saving
• Synergies between technology bricks will open the design space for overall aircraft design
• New aircraft configurations are essential to use hybrid electric propulsion to its full potential
• In the frame of CleanSky2 a research partnership network is under preparation together with some champions on system component level
• Challengers on system component level could enrich this research partnership network
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
Some people can hardly wait to fly hybrid electric !
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
© Adrian Paci / Martin Url
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. Airbus Confidential
07 April 2016 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - EIXN - Ref. PR1606196 - Issue 1
© Airbus Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of Airbus Operations GmbH. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of Airbus Operations GmbH. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, Airbus Operations GmbH. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof. AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.
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