FABRICATION OF HYDRAULIC FORKLIFT

Submitted byAJMAL ABDUL JABBAR (090111804002)

BIJESH V.D. (090111804012)FARIS K. (090111804018)

Project GuideMr. N.GURUMOORTHY

ASST. PROFESSORDEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGG.

THE KAVERY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ANNA UNIVERSITY COIMBATORE 641047APRIL 2012

ABSTRACTFLUID POWERAPPLICATIONSFORKLIFTCONSTRUCTIONWORKINGMATERIALS USEDADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

FLUID POWERA fluid power system is defined as a

means of power transmission in which a relatively incompressible fluid is used as the power transmitting media

The primary purpose of fluid power system is the transfer of energy from one location to another and this energy into useful work

TYPES OF FLUID POWERThere are mainly two types of fluid power systems:

Hydraulic Power System( employing liquids)Pneumatic Power System(employing air)

PASCAL’S LAWPascal’s law states that the pressure

applied anywhere to a confined liquid is transmitted equally to every portion of the surface of the containing vessel. When a force is applied to the liquid by a piston, the liquid transmits this force equally to all surfaces of the container.

FORKLIFTWHAT IS A FORKLIFT?

A forklift truck (also called a lift truck, a fork truck, a forklift, or a tow-motor) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and transport materials

WHY USE FORKLIFT?To reduce the human effortTo make the work easy and simpleTo reduce the time taken

COMPONENTSHYDRAULIC CYLINDERPUMPSTRUCTUREARMWHEELSHYDRAULIC FLUID

HYDRAULIC CYLINDERThey convert the pressure energy of fluid into mechanical output to perform useful work

The fluid power is converted into straight line reciprocating motion

ARMIt is made by joining pieces of steel and made into a frame

The arm is used to load the objects on it

HYDRAULIC FLUIDHydraulic fluids, also called hydraulic liquids,

are the medium by which power is transferred in hydraulic machinery

Common hydraulic fluids are based on mineral oil or water

The primary function of a hydraulic fluid is to convey power

In use, however, there are other important functions of hydraulic fluid such as protection of the hydraulic machine components

WHY PREFER HYDRAULCS OVER PNEUMATICS?The force required to accelerate oil is many

times greater than that required to accelerate an equal volume of air

Liquids also exhibit greater viscosity than gases. This results in larger frictional pressure

Due to compressibility of air, it is impossible to obtain a precise control of actuator velocities in pneumatic systems

NAME OF THE COMPONENTS MATERIALS QTY.

Hydraulic pump(linear type pump) Steel 1

Cylinder M.S rod 1

Piston M.S with chromium 1

Ram M.S rod 1

Spring M.S 1

Nipple M.S rod 1

End plateM.S plate 1

Hydraulic fluid SAE 40 Oil -

Structure M.S.Plate 1

WORKING PRINCIPLEThe hydraulic cylinder consists of a hollow

tube sealed at one end with a movable, lubricated piston fitting into the other

The hydraulic fluid is present inside the cylinder which acts as the force medium for this operation

It enters the bottom of the cylinder through a special "one way" valve that allows fluid to enter without leaking back out

WORKING PRINCIPLE(Contd.)After fork lift is loaded, the pump is pumped

in order to actuate the hydraulic cylinder As the amount of oil in the cylinder

increases, so does the pressure inside itThis pressure, applied across the area of the

piston head, results in a net upward forceThis upward push causes the piston to move

up, which increases the volume of the fluid and decreases the pressure

S.NO COMPONENT QUANTITYMATERIAL

USEDCOST(RS)

1 Hydraulic pump 1 M.S 3200

2

Cylinder &Internal

structure and

machining work

- 3000

3 Hydraulic fluid 1 - 350

4 Moving Ram 1 M.S 1000

TOTAL 7550

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESThe process uses low-

cost energy sourceLarge machines frames

are not required on the process

No extra skill is required for operating this system

Easier maintenanceLess loss in power

transmission

Machining work is very complicated

Very sturdy base neededHydraulics components

cost is high

CONCLUSIONThus we are able to reduce the effort and

time taken by manual operation using forkliftAlso there is less vibration when compared to

other mechanisms and therefore even fragile materials can be easily handled