Grid Integrated Storage, Renewables and IRP2

Renewable Energy Africa ConferenceRenewable Energy Africa ConferenceSandton Convention Centre Sandton Convention Centre –– July 2011July 2011

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SOUTH AFRICA’S CENTRALIZED GENERATION LEGACY• Large mega power plants• Located close to primary

energy source• Significant transmission

losses• Vulnerable• Vulnerable

– Supply interruptions– Global commodity pricing– Industrial action

• Long lead time to add capacity

• Mismatch between peak• Mismatch between peak demand and installed generation capacity

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PENETRATION OF RE GENERATION CAPACITY• Greater geographic

distributionL t d l t l d• Located closer to load centres

• Reduced transmission losseslosses

• Diversification of generation mix

• Reduced time toReduced time to commercial operation

• Reduction in GHG emissions

BUT

• Intermittent nature of wind & solar decreases grid stability

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PENETRATION OF RE GENERATION CAPACITY

Future RE Generation as % of Total Generation Capacity

8090100

Future RE Generation as % of Total Generation Capacity

50607080

UNSTABLE GRID

20304050

STABLE GRID

GRID

01020

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 20302010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030

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MECHANISMS TO MANAGE GRID STABILITY

OCGT

• Mix of “fast response” systems, “bulk” storage facilities and “peaker”

OCGT

Pumped Storage

Electro‐chemical

plants;• Fast start-up Peaker

Plants to meet short periods of peak demand;

l l

Storagechemical periods of peak demand;• Bulk storage facilities to

utilise off peak baseload power or day time solarMultiple 

Mechanisms required

Thermal Storage

Spinning Reserve / Fl h l

power or day time solar thermal energy;

• HPESS – High Performance EnergygFlywheels Performance Energy Storage Systems to meet instantaneous (millisecond) stability

Compressed Air

Cryogenic Storage

requirements

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ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGYNAS Sodium Sulfur Battery

Energy Density 3 x lead acid

S C i 2 0 / 2 0 hSystem Capacity 2.0 MW / 12.0 MWh

Life Span 15 years / 4500 cycles

Efficiency 85% Round TripEfficiency 85% Round Trip

Operating Temp 300 °C

Response Time 2 msp

Memory Effect Zero

Gaseous Emissions Zero

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ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

51 MW Wind Farm / 34 MW Storage Rokkasho Japan

NAS Sodium Sulphur Battery

51 MW Wind Farm / 34 MW Storage – Rokkasho Japan

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Source: NGK Insulators Ltd

ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

5 MW PV Plant / 1 5 MW Storage Wakkanai Japan

NAS Sodium Sulphur Battery

5 MW PV Plant / 1.5 MW Storage – Wakkanai Japan

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Source: NGK Insulators Ltd

ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

Dynamic load frequency control

NAS Sodium Sulphur Battery Application

• Dynamic load-frequency control– 2 ms response time

• Wind and PV generation fluctuation smoothing• Wind and PV generation fluctuation smoothing• Peak shaving• Spinning reserve replacement• Spinning reserve replacement• Distributed storage

– Reduced transmission lossesReduced transmission losses– Reduced unplanned outages– Optimized baseload generation utilization

• Off peak charging, peak period discharge

– Reduced peaker plant requirement

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CRYOGENIC ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGYHighview Power CES System

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Source: Highview Power Storage

CRYOGENIC ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

• Alternative to pumped storage

Highview Power CES System

• Alternative to pumped storage• Not geographically limited• Utilizes readily available y

industrial technology• Round Trip Efficiency 50%

W t h t i• Waste heat recovery increases efficiency to 70%

• Capital Costp– 25% of NAS Battery System– 30% - 50% of Pumped Storage

Source: Highview Power Storage

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IRP2 2010 SUMMARIZED

IRP2 2010IRP2 2010 41,346 MW

Refit1 OCGT National Demand

Strategy

Refit1 Wind700 CSP200 LH125

RE1 W3800 S400

RE2 7200

Nuclear Fleet 9600

Hydro Imports

3349Sere 100

CCGT 1896

Coal IPP’s 5000

OCGT IPP

1020 5750

RTS/NB/Decom

563

PCP ECS

DSM 3420

MTPPP 390

1253

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CONCLUSION

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REFERENCES

Eskom annual reports presentations and publications• Eskom annual reports, presentations and publications• World Alliance for Decentralized Energy publications (WADE)

Y i i• Younicos – www.younicos.com• Grid Stability Battery Systems for Renewable Success,

Charles Vartanian A123 SystemsCharles Vartanian, A123 Systems• NGK Insulators Ltd, NAS Sodium Sulphur Battery Energy

Storage SystemStorage System• Highview Power Storage – www.highview-power.com

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CONTACT DETAILS

I CIan CurryDirector – Basil Read Energy (Pty) LtdMobile: +27 83 399 0283Email: icurry@brenergy.co.zay@ gy

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