IB Chemistry

A Watson/ Scheffler

South Pointe High School

IB ChemistryInstructor : Mrs. Allyson Watson

Email : AWatson@rock-hill.k12.sc.us

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Your NameAddressTelephone NumberEmail

Hobbies:

Goals:

Class Information/ Expectations Form

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Periods• Information forms• Safety contracts• Class Policies• Cornell Notes• Brief overview of the course• Chemical Hazards/Lab Safety• Scientific Methods• Assignments

IB Chemistry Agenda

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IB Chemistry JUNIORS Assignments

• NEXT CLASS: Return signed the Safety Agreement and read thoroughly the chemical hazards/Lab Safety handout

• OTHER CLASS: Finish reading topic 1 in textbook

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ExpectationsSee expectation handouts for details•Attendance•Make Up•Behavior•Grading•Cornell notes

Cornell Notes

• Divide the paper • Documentation • Record notes• Review and Clarify• Summarize• Study

Introduction to Chemistry

Chemistry Chemistry The study of matter and its relationships The study of materials and how they

interact The Central Science

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Chemistry Topics IncludeAtomic Theory

Periodic Table

Bonding

Formulas and Stoichiometry

States of matter

Calorimetry / Thermodynamics

Solutions

Kinetics

Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Oxidation Reduction

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Is Chemistry Hard??

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Maybe! --- but you will develop skills that are valuable for the rest of your life!

Is Chemistry Hard??

Abstract ThinkingCritical ThinkingAnalysisLogicMath Skills

Well maybe but you will develop skills that are valuable for the rest of your lifeThese include:

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Is Chemistry Hard??

Abstract ThinkingCritical ThinkingAnalysisLogicMath Skills

Problem SolvingCommunicationTime ManagementHazards Management

Well maybe but you will develop skills that are valuable for the rest of your lifeThese include:

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Is Chemistry Dangerous??

13Well maybe. sort of…..

Chemical HazardsHazard Criteria

A Threshhold Limit value of less than 500 ppm

A Lethal dose (LD50) less than 500 mg per kg Readily polymerizable Flashpoint less than 140oF A strong oxidizer or reducing agent Highly corrosive Carcinogen, mutagen,or teratogen. Radioactive

See the handout for more definitions and criteria for chemical hazards

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Scientific MethodsScientific Methods

• Always based on observation and experimentation

• Observable and reproducible evidence are required to support conclusions

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Scientific Method

Investigation process- Preliminary observations

- Formulation of a hypothesis- Design experiments to test the hypothesis- Evaluate and interpret data - Draw appropriate conclusions

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Hypothesis, Theory and Law

A A HypothesisHypothesis is a tentative explanation or expected result based on past evidence and experience

A A TheoryTheory is an explanation of a phenomona based on the results of scientific experimentation.

AA LawLaw is a principle that can be observed repeatedly in the world over a long period of time

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Scientific Methods

The scientific method is not necessarily The scientific method is not necessarily a chronological order that scientists a chronological order that scientists always follow.always follow.

But remember ………..But remember ……….. Scientific information is always based Scientific information is always based

on evidence. The emphasis is on evidence. The emphasis is always on information that we can always on information that we can gain from observations and gain from observations and experimentsexperiments

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MatterMatter

• Has both volume and mass• Exists in various states:

Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

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Forms of Matter

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous

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Elemental Composition of the Earth

Properties of Matter

• Physical -

• Chemical -

• Extensive -

• Intensive -

ColorDensityMelting point

How the substance reacts with other substances

Depend on the amount of material

Independent of the amount of material

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Density

• Definition

• Formula

Ratio of mass to volume

D = Mass/ volume

Density is an intensive property. It is constant for most solids and liquids, but it depends on the pressure and temperature for a gas

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Physical and Chemical Changes

• Physical -

• Chemical -

A change in state or shape. Affects the physical properties but retains the properties of the substance

Undergoes a chemical reaction. A new substance is formed with new physical and chemical properties

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MeasurementMeasurement

Measurements in the laboratory will normally be made using the metric system and SI units where feasible

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Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales

Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit

Boiling pointBoiling point

of water.of water. 373 K 100 oC 212 oF

Freezing pointFreezing point

of water.of water. 273 K 100 oC 32 oF

Absolute Zero.Absolute Zero.0 K -273 oC -460 oF

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Temperature ConversionsTemperature Conversions

Fahrenheit to CelsiusFahrenheit to CelsiusoC = 5/9 ( oF - 32)

Celsius to FahrenheitCelsius to FahrenheitoF = 9/5 oC + 32

Celsius to KelvinCelsius to KelvinK = oC +273

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Problem Solving Density

FormulasDensity = Mass/volumeD = m/V M = DVV = m/D

Units

Density = g/cm3

Mass = grams or g

Volume = cubic centimeters or cm3

If you solve the formula correctly the units will matchD = m/V = g/cm3

M = DV = (g/cm3) /(cm3) = g

V = m/D =(g)/(g/cm3) = cm3

Measurement IssuesMeasurement Issues

Uncertainty

Accuracy

Precision

Error

Significant Figures

Scientific Notation

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