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© 2008 IBM Corporation
Linux and Storage News
Alexander Warmuth
SOS05
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation2 w3.escc.mainz.de.ibm.com Aug 15, 2008
European Storage Competence CentreThe ESCC provides end to end support for IBM storage solutions
Pre-sales support including:
–Technical Q&A
–Solution Design
–Proof of Concepts
–Customer briefings and workshops
Implementation and post-sales support including:
–Implementation Services
–Product Field Engineering
–Customer Care
Intranet Site : w3.escc.mainz.de.ibm.com
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation3 Aug 15, 2008
Objectives
Introduce the latest storage related Linux technologies
Explain how they work
What is ready for use?
What is supported?
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation4 Aug 15, 2008
Agenda
DS4000 and Linux native multipathing
SAN Boot from multipath devices
N-Port ID virtualization
Other Linux and storage news
Closing
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation5 Aug 15, 2008
DS4000 and Linux Native Multipathing
DS4000 and Linux native multipathing
SAN Boot from multipath devices
N-Port ID virtualization
Other Linux and storage news
Closing
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation6 Aug 15, 2008
BlockDevices
BlockDevices
Device Mapper Multipathing
HardwareHBA
0HBA
1
Storage Server
A B
SAN
SCSI
Device Mapper
Built on top of existing block devices
Device scan with read
– Capacity
– Partitions
– File systems
– Meta data
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation7 Aug 15, 2008
BlockDevices
BlockDevices
Device Mapper Multipathing Magic
HardwareHBA
0HBA
1
Storage Server
A B
SAN
SCSI
Device Mapper
multipath
multipathd
/dev/disk/by-id/...
/by-path/...
/by-uuid/...
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation8 Aug 15, 2008
DS4000 modes of operation
AVT on
– full LUN access on both controllers
– LUN automatically transferred to accessing controller
– Not for cluster solutions with shared access to volumes
AVT off, RDAC Mode
– SCSI Inquiry, Test Unit Ready, Mode Sense / Select, Reserve / Release, Read Capacity possible
– No Read / Write access through alternate controller
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation9 Aug 15, 2008
kernel: Vendor: IBM Model: 1814 FAStT Rev: 0916
kernel: Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05
kernel: SCSI device sdf: 104857600 512-byte hdwr sectors (53687 MB)
kernel: sdf: Write Protect is off
kernel: sdf: Mode Sense: 77 00 10 08
kernel: SCSI device sdf: drive cache: write back w/ FUA
kernel: SCSI device sdf: 104857600 512-byte hdwr sectors (53687 MB)
kernel: sdf: Write Protect is off
kernel: sdf: Mode Sense: 77 00 10 08
kernel: SCSI device sdf: drive cache: write back w/ FUA
kernel: sdf: unknown partition table
kernel: sd 4:0:0:1: Attached scsi disk sdf
kernel: sd 4:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg13 type 0
kernel: device-mapper: multipath rdac: using RDAC command with timeout 15000
BlockDevices
BlockDevices
Device Scan - Owning Controller
HardwareHBA
0HBA
1
Storage Server
A B
SAN
SCSI
Device Mapper
kernel: Vendor: IBM Model: 1814 FAStT Rev: 0916
kernel: Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05
kernel: SCSI device sdf: 104857600 512-byte hdwr sectors (53687 MB)
kernel: sdf: Write Protect is off
kernel: sdf: Mode Sense: 77 00 10 08
kernel: SCSI device sdf: drive cache: write back w/ FUA
kernel: SCSI device sdf: 104857600 512-byte hdwr sectors (53687 MB)
kernel: sdf: Write Protect is off
kernel: sdf: Mode Sense: 77 00 10 08
kernel: SCSI device sdf: drive cache: write back w/ FUA
kernel: sdf: unknown partition table
kernel: sd 4:0:0:1: Attached scsi disk sdf
kernel: sd 4:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg13 type 0
kernel: device-mapper: multipath rdac: using RDAC command with timeout 15000
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation10 Aug 15, 2008
kernel: Vendor: IBM Model: 1814 FAStT Rev: 0916
kernel: Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05
kernel: SCSI device sde: 104857600 512-byte hdwr sectors (53687 MB)
kernel: sde: Write Protect is off
kernel: sde: Mode Sense: 77 00 10 08
kernel: SCSI device sde: drive cache: write back w/ FUA
kernel: SCSI device sde: 104857600 512-byte hdwr sectors (53687 MB)
kernel: sde: Write Protect is off
kernel: sde: Mode Sense: 77 00 10 08
kernel: SCSI device sde: drive cache: write back w/ FUA
kernel: sde:end_request: I/O error, dev sde, sector 0
kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sde, logical block 0
kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sde, sector 0
kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sde, logical block 0
kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sde, sector 0
kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sde, logical block 0
kernel: unable to read partition table
kernel: sd 3:0:0:1: Attached scsi disk sde
kernel: sd 3:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg12 type 0
BlockDevices
BlockDevices
RDAC Mode – Alternate Controller
HardwareHBA
0HBA
1
Storage Server
A B
SAN
SCSI
Device Mapper
kernel: Vendor: IBM Model: 1814 FAStT Rev: 0916
kernel: Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05
kernel: SCSI device sde: 104857600 512-byte hdwr sectors (53687 MB)
kernel: sde: Write Protect is off
kernel: sde: Mode Sense: 77 00 10 08
kernel: SCSI device sde: drive cache: write back w/ FUA
kernel: SCSI device sde: 104857600 512-byte hdwr sectors (53687 MB)
kernel: sde: Write Protect is off
kernel: sde: Mode Sense: 77 00 10 08
kernel: SCSI device sde: drive cache: write back w/ FUA
kernel: sde:end_request: I/O error, dev sde, sector 0
kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sde, logical block 0
kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sde, sector 0
kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sde, logical block 0
kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sde, sector 0
kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sde, logical block 0
kernel: unable to read partition table
kernel: sd 3:0:0:1: Attached scsi disk sde
kernel: sd 3:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg12 type 0
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation11 Aug 15, 2008
BlockDevices
BlockDevices
AVT Mode – Alternate Controller
HardwareHBA
0HBA
1
Storage Server
A B
SAN
SCSI
Device Mapper
Automatic volume transfer
– Access possible
– No error messages
Not suitable for cluster environments
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation12 Aug 15, 2008
mppUpper
BlockDevices
BlockDevices
RDAC Multipathing Driver
HardwareHBA
0HBA
1
Storage Server
A B
SAN
SCSI
mppVhba RDAC upper layer
– Inhibits mapping of block devices
– No device scan
RDAC virtual HBA
– New block devices
– Regular integration
– Device Mapper on top possible
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation13 Aug 15, 2008
BlockDevices
BlockDevices
DM-MP Development
HardwareHBA
0HBA
1
Storage Server
A B
SAN
SCSI
Device Mapper
Hardware Handler in SCSI layer
Inhibit device scan
Multipathing based on UUID
No read access neccessaryRDAC RDAC
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation14 Aug 15, 2008
BlockDevices
BlockDevices
DS4000 DM-MP Configuration
HardwareHBA
0HBA
1
Storage Server
A B
SAN
SCSI
Device Mapper
device {
vendor "IBM"
product "1814"
path_grouping_policy "group_by_prio"
path_checker "rdac"
hardware_handler "1 rdac"
prio "rdac�
}
defaults {
failback immediate
no_path_retry "queue"
}
Hardware table
Change defaults
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation15 Aug 15, 2008
Controlling DM-MPx3650-lab-10:~ # multipathd -k
multipathd> help
multipath-tools v0.4.8 (08/02, 2007)
CLI commands reference:
list|show paths
list|show maps|multipaths
list|show maps|multipaths status
list|show maps|multipaths stats
list|show maps|multipaths topology
list|show topology
list|show map|multipath $map topology
list|show config
list|show blacklist
list|show devices
add path $path
remove|del path $path
add map|multipath $map
remove|del map|multipath $map
switch|switchgroup map|multipath $map group $group
reconfigure
suspend map|multipath $map
resume map|multipath $map
reinstate path $path
fail path $path
multipathd>
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation16 Aug 15, 2008
BlockDevices
BlockDevices
DS4000 Examples
HardwareHBA
0HBA
1
Storage Server
A B
SAN
SCSI
Device Mapper
multipathd> show multipaths
name sysfs uuid
mpatha dm-0 3600a0b800011f9b200005e2947d762c0
mpathb dm-1 3600a0b800011fa780000340847e8a1f3
multipathd> show maps status
name failback queueing paths dm-st
mpatha immediate on 2 active
mpathb immediate on 2 active
multipathd> show maps stats
name path_faults switch_grp map_loads total_q_time q_timeouts
mpatha 1 3 0 0 0
mpathb 0 0 2 0 0
multipathd> show paths
hcil dev dev_t pri dm_st chk_st next_check
4:0:0:0 sdd 8:48 3 [active][ready] XXXX...... 8/20
3:0:0:0 sdc 8:32 0 [active][ghost] X......... 3/20
4:0:0:1 sdf 8:80 3 [active][ready] XXXXXXXX.. 16/20
3:0:0:1 sde 8:64 0 [active][ghost] XXXXXXXXX. 19/20
multipathd> show maps topology
mpatha (3600a0b800011f9b200005e2947d762c0) dm-0 IBM,1814 FAStT
[size=50G ][features=1 queue_if_no_path][hwhandler=1 rdac ]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=3][active]
\_ 4:0:0:0 sdd 8:48 [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
\_ 3:0:0:0 sdc 8:32 [active][ghost]
mpathb (3600a0b800011fa780000340847e8a1f3) dm-1 IBM,1814 FAStT
[size=50G ][features=0 ][hwhandler=1 rdac ]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=3][enabled]
\_ 4:0:0:1 sdf 8:80 [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
\_ 3:0:0:1 sde 8:64 [active][ghost]
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation17 Aug 15, 2008
DM-MP und SCSI Reservation
No SCSI Reservation support
Resource fencing in clusters
– Reservation on block devices
– Cluster file systems
– No shared access, data replication
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation18 Aug 15, 2008
DM-MP and DS4000 Summary
Supported by Linux vendors
– SLES 10 SP1
– RH-EL 5 U1
Not supported by IBM
RDAC functionality implemented
– Fail over / fail back functionality equivalent
– No SCSI reservation support
Error messages during startup and reconfiguration
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation19 Aug 15, 2008
SAN Boot from Multipath Devices
DS4000 and Linux native multipathing
SAN Boot from multipath devices
N-Port ID virtualization
Other Linux and storage news
Closing
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation20 Aug 15, 2008
BlockDevices
SAN Boot Single Path
HardwareHBA
0HBA
1
Storage Server
A B
SAN
SCSI
No difference to local SCSI boot
No redundancy
Initial RAM Disk
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation21 Aug 15, 2008
BlockDevices
BlockDevices
SAN Boot Multipath
HardwareHBA
0HBA
1
Storage Server
A B
SAN
SCSI
Device Mapper
Root on multipath
– DM-MP in Initial RAM Disk implemented
– SLES: install on single path, turn on DM-MP afterwards
– RH-EL: turn on DM-MP for installation
Boot from multipath
– Some boot loaders not yet DM-MP aware
– BIOS problems still exist
Initial RAM Disk
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation22 Aug 15, 2008
Device scans lead to SCSI errors
– Long installation time
– Long boot time
– Boot loader configuration problems
Easier with AVT on
BlockDevices
BlockDevices
SAN Boot, DM-MP and DS4000
HardwareHBA
0HBA
1
Storage Server
A B
SAN
SCSI
Device Mapper
kernel: Vendor: IBM Model: 1814 FAStT Rev: 0916
kernel: Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05
kernel: SCSI device sde: 104857600 512-byte hdwr sectors (53687 MB)
kernel: sde: Write Protect is off
kernel: sde: Mode Sense: 77 00 10 08
kernel: SCSI device sde: drive cache: write back w/ FUA
kernel: SCSI device sde: 104857600 512-byte hdwr sectors (53687 MB)
kernel: sde: Write Protect is off
kernel: sde: Mode Sense: 77 00 10 08
kernel: SCSI device sde: drive cache: write back w/ FUA
kernel: sde:end_request: I/O error, dev sde, sector 0
kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sde, logical block 0
kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sde, sector 0
kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sde, logical block 0
kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sde, sector 0
kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sde, logical block 0
kernel: unable to read partition table
kernel: sd 3:0:0:1: Attached scsi disk sde
kernel: sd 3:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg12 type 0
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation23 Aug 15, 2008
SAN Boot and DM-MP Summary
Root on dm-multipath is easy
Boot from dm-multipath: boot loader concerns
Boot from SAN and DS4000
– Problematic with DM-MP
– Easy with RDAC
All other IBM storage systems ok
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation24 Aug 15, 2008
N-Port ID Virtualization
DS4000 and Linux native multipathing
SAN Boot from multipath devices
N-Port ID virtualization
Other Linux and storage news
Closing
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation Aug 15, 2008
What is NPIV?
HBA “multiplication”
– Virtual adapters presented to the operating system
– Virtual N-ports presented to Fabric
• Dedicated WWPN• Appears just as physical port
HBA and switch must be NPIV capable
Used in virtualized systems
– VMWare
– Linux on System z and VM
– XEN integration in implementation
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation Aug 15, 2008
XEN Attachment Choices
XEN Hypervisor
Dom0
DomU1LVol
Physical volume
Logical Volume
Image file
DomU3
DomU2
File
Remember last year?
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation Aug 15, 2008
XEN Hypervisor
Switch
XEN: Storage Management TodayDom0 DomU1 DomU2
Storage Server
N-Port
N-Port
N-Port
Zoning and LUN Mapping to Hardware
Virtual drivers for disk assignment to images
N-Port
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation Aug 15, 2008
XEN Hypervisor
Switch
Virtual Storage in XEN - DisadvantagesDom0 DomU1 DomU2
Storage Server
N-Port
N-Port
N-Port
Management
Security
Performance Impact
Image migration
N-Port
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation Aug 15, 2008
XEN Hypervisor
Switch
XEN and Virtual N-PortsDom0 DomU1 DomU2
Storage Server
N-Port
N-Port
N-Port
Provided by HBA
– managed by Dom0
– Dedicated WWPN
– Appears just as physical port
Assigned to VM
Volume Mapping to V-PortV-Port V-Port
V-Port V-PortN-Port
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation Aug 15, 2008
XEN Hypervisor
Switch
Virtual Machine MigrationDom0 DomU1 DomU2
Storage Server
N-Port
N-Port
N-Port V-Port V-Port
V-Port V-PortN-Port
XEN Hypervisor
Dom0 DomU1'
V-PortN-Port
N-Port V-Port
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation31 Aug 15, 2008
Setup and Configure NPIV
Create virtual HBA
Similar commands to remove and configure V-Ports
V-Port management integrated into virtualization
# cd /sys/class/scsi_host/host2
# echo "2100001b32013aff:2000001b32013aff" > vport_create
WWPN WWNN
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation32 Aug 15, 2008
Virtual Ports in the SAN
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation33 Aug 15, 2008
NPIV Enabled SAN Example
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation34 Aug 15, 2008
Virtual Ports Seen by Storage System
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation35 Aug 15, 2008
Other Linux and Storage News
DS4000 and Linux native multipathing
SAN Boot from multipath devices
N-Port ID virtualization
Other Linux and storage news
Closing
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation36 Aug 15, 2008
HBA Information
Find WWPN and WWNN
HBA Driver Info
# cat /sys/class/fc_host/host3/port_name
0x10000000c954ceba
# cat /sys/class/fc_host/host3/node_name
0x20000000c954ceba
# modinfo lpfc
filename: /lib/modules/2.6.16.60-0.9-smp/.../lpfc/lpfc.ko
version: 0:8.2.0.21
author: Emulex Corporation - tech.support@emulex.com
description: Emulex LightPulse Fibre Channel SCSI driver 8.2.0.21
license: GPL
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation Aug 15, 2008
Dynamic Volume Resizing
Linux can't use additional capacity on-the-fly
– Minimum interruption: unmount file system
– Reboot usually not necessary
LVM: proven method to add capacity online
– Add new disk
– Expand volume group
– Expand logical volume
– Resize file system
+ Cap
Linux host
HBA 0
LUN 0
HBA 1
LUN 1Remember last year?
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation38 Aug 15, 2008
Agenda
DS4000 and Linux native multipathing
SAN Boot from multipath devices
N-Port ID virtualization
Other Linux and storage news
Closing
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation39 Aug 15, 2008
Summary
DS4000 and Linux native multipathing
SAN Boot from multipath devices
N-Port ID virtualization
Other Linux and storage news
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation40 Aug 15, 2008
Sources of Information
Linux and IBM Storage Community
– Thomas Gerisch, GERISCH@de.ibm.com
– Wiki: https://w3.webahead.ibm.com/w3ki/display/linuxstorage/Home
Enterprise Linux Services, Germany
– Michael Weisbach,michael.weisbach@de.ibm.com
– Wiki: https://els.chemnitz.de.ibm.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Page
Multipath Usage Guidehttp://sources.redhat.com/lvm2/wiki/MultipathUsageGuide
Multipath storage with Xen and DS4800http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-multipath-xen/index.html
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation Aug 15, 2008
Questions & Discussion
More Questions?
Contact: warmuth@de.ibm.com
New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation42 Aug 15, 200842
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NOTES:
Any performance data contained in this document was determined in a controlled environment. Actual results may vary significantly and are dependent on many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been made on development-level systems. There is no guarantee these measurements will be the same on generally-available systems. Users of this document should verify the applicable data for their specific environment.
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Information is provided “AS IS” without warranty of any kind.
All customer examples cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual customer configurations and conditions.
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New Enterprise Forum: Information Infrastructure - IBM System Storage and Storage Networking Technical Symposium
© 2008 IBM Corporation43 Aug 15, 200843
Trademarks and Disclaimers (continued)NOTES:
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