iGCSE Business Studies2.2.2 Management and Leadership

Clue to the topic of today’s lesson

Learning Outcomes

• To Understand the main functions of management:– Planning– Organising– Co-ordinating– Commanding– Controlling

• The importance of delegation: trust versus control

Question… What does a manager do?

Planning

Organising

Coordinating

Commanding

Controlling

What do these words mean?

Key Term: DelegationRefers to passing authority & control on to

others (normally further down in the hierarchy)

Key Point: The manager retains responsibility, but the subordinate does the work.

What are the benefits of delegation?

Benefits of Delegation

WHAT POINTS ARE THESE CARTOONS MAKING ABOUT DELEGATION?

Why might a manager be reluctant to delegate?

Key Terms: Centralisation and decentralisation

• Centralisation: Retaining control within the top levels of the hierarchy – at head office

• Decentralisation: Delegating authority down the hierarchyCentralisation

Retains tight control at the top of the organisation

Employees are not able to show flair and initiative

Decentralisation Motivates employees by

giving them more freedom and responsibility

Employees may not have the experience/training to carry out tasks effectively

Would you rather work in an organisation that was centralised or decentralised?

MANAGEMENT VERSUS LEADERSHIP

"Leadership is the ability of a superior to influence the

behavior of a subordinate or group and persuade them to follow a particular course of

action." — Chester Bernard

Question….

• Are Management and Leadership the same thing?• What is the difference between leadership and

management?

What are the key differences?

Is it possible to be a good leader and a good manager?

2.2.3 LEADERSHIP STYLES(MANAGEMENT STYLES)

Learning Outcomes

• Features of the main leadership styles – autocratic, democratic and laissez faire

• Recommend and justify an appropriate leadership style in a given situation.

Describe these leaders in one word.

Task

• Before we talk about different leadership styles, fill out the ‘leadership styles questionnaire’….

• What type of leader would you be?????

Three main Leadership Styles

Autocratic Leaders(Authoritarian)

•In the autocratic style, the leader takes decisions without consulting with others.• The decision is made without any form of consultation.

Democratic Leaders

•the leader involves the people in the decision-making, although the process for the final decision may vary from the leader having the final say to them facilitating consensus in the group.

Laissez Faire Leaders

•The laissez-faire style is to minimize the leader's involvement in decision-making, and hence allowing people to make their own decisions, although they may still be responsible for the outcome.

Question….

• What factors influence someone’s leadership style?

• Will their leadership style always stay the same?

Factors affecting Leadership style

Leadership Style

Nature of the task

Personality

Time constraints

Skills of manager and the workforce

Rate of change

Level of risk

Leadership StylesWho are you going to call? One or two styles may suit?

PROBLEM STYLE

1 Employees are having serious problems getting the job done. They have not responded to your efforts to be friendly or to your invitations to get involved in discussions.

2 You are considering a major change in your program. Employees enjoy participating in the planning.

3 Employees are working with dangerous or delicate equipment that requires a definite set of procedures to operate.

4 Employees have pride in their work and the drive to it successfully on their own.

5 You want to encourage team building and participation.

6 Decision are easier and more cost-effective for the manager to make the decision.

7 Employees have lost interest in their work and are poorly motivated.

8 Employees need to understand certain standards or procedures.

Task

• For each of the different leadership styles, write a list of conditions for when they would be most appropriate.

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