Post on 14-Dec-2015
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EE430 ILLUMINATION ENGINEERING DESIGN
CASTILLON, JOHCON
CASTILLON, SCHERRAINE KHRYS
DIONIO, CHRISTIAN PAUL
TOPICS:One- line Diagram, 3-line diagram, Panel board diagram
Emergency Lighting System: Exit Lamps, Direction Signs, (using LED lamps)
Sizes of wires and cables (Philippines, USA, Europe)
Uniformity of Illumination
ONE LINE DIAGRAM
• A one-line diagram is a simplified graphical representation of a three phase power system, used extensively in power flow studies.
• A one-line diagram is usually used along with other notational simplifications, such as the per-unit system.
• A secondary advantage to using a one-line diagram is that the simpler diagram leaves more space for non-electrical, such as economic, information to be included.
ONE LINE DIAGRAM
What is emergency lighting?
Emergency lighting is the generic term for equipment that provides illumination in the event of failure of supply to the normal lighting
There are two main types of emergency lighting:
(i) emergency escape lighting (ii) standby lighting
• Emergency escape lighting is defined as "that part of emergency lighting that is provided to enable safe exit in the event of failure of the normal supply".
• Standby lighting is defined as "that part of the emergency lighting provided to enable normal activities to continue in the event of failure of the normal mains supply“
Emergency escape lightingThere are three main aspects of emergency
escape lighting: 1) escape route lighting; 2) open area / anti-panic area lighting; 3) high risk task area lighting.
Escape Route Lighting• Lighting of defined escape routes; corridors,
stairways, fire stairs etc.• 1 Lux minimum on the centre line and the central
band (not less than half total width) to be illuminated to at least 0.5 Lux.
Anti-panic emergency. A lighting strength of at least 0.5 lx is required in such areas. Here too the ratio between highest and lowest lighting strength must not be greater than 40:1
The high-risk area. The requirement is at least 15 lx or 10 % of the lighting strength normally required for the location. The ratio between the highest and lowest lighting strength should be a maximum of 10:1.
SITING OF LUMINAIRES
• over Exit doors near stairs so that each flight receives direct light • near any change of level
• adjacent to mandatory signs (unless the sign is internally lit)• near a change of direction or intersection
• outside final exits• at each first aid point*• at each fire fighting / call point • Near means within 2m • 5 Lux required adjacent to the equipment.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
• Diversity of illuminance better than 40:1• Disability glare should be avoided• Colour rendering Ra40• Duration should be at least 1 hour• Response times generally should provide 50% of the
illuminance within 5seconds and full illuminance within 60seconds
Wire Size• The diameter of the wire determines the amount of current that can safely
flow through it.
Wire sizes
• Wires are sized according to a table known as the American Wire Gauge (AWG).
• Wire size varies from AWG 40 to 0000 with 40 being the smallest and 0000 the largest.
• The larger the number the smaller the wire diameter.
Common Residential Wire Sizes
# 24 AWG Used for Computers# 22 AWG Used for Telephone# 18 AWG Used for Doorbell Circuit# 14 AWG Used for Light, Switches, Receptacles,
# 12 AWG Used for Light, Switches,
Receptacles, Baseboard Heaters, ,
Hot Water Heaters # 10 AWG Used for Clothes
Dryers# 8 AWG Used for Electric
Range# 2 AWG Used for Ground
Wire
# 000 AWG Service Entrance Cable# 0000 AWG Service Entrance Cable
AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE
Uniformity of Illuminance
The uniformity of illuminance is a quality issue that addresses how evenly light spreads over a task area. Although a room's average illuminance may be appropriate, two factors may compromise uniformity.• improper fixture placement based on the luminaire's spacing criteria (ratio of maxim
recommended fixture spacing distance to mounting height above task height)• fixtures that are retrofit with reflectors that narrow the light distribution
Non-uniform illuminance causes several problems:• inadequate light levels in some areas• visual discomfort when tasks require frequent shifting of view from underlit to
overlit areas• bright spots and patches of light on floors and walls that cause distraction and
generate a low quality appearance
Uniformity is usually defined as ratio of the minimal illuminance over the area weighted average illuminance:
u = Emin / Eaverage
The minimum illuminance should correspond to the recommended illuminance as defined in the national codes of practice. The uniformity as created by a general lighting scheme should be better than 0.6 or 0.8 according to the German DIN norm and the UK CIBSE guidelines, respectively.
ActivityIllumination Foot-
candles
Offices: Average Reading and Writing 50-75
Offices: Hallways 10-20
Offices: Rooms with Computers 20-50
Auditoriums / Assembly Places 15-30
Hospitals: General Areas 10-15
Labs / Treatment areas 50-100
Libraries 30-100
Schools 30-150
Color Rendering Index(CRI)
A relative scale indicating how perceived colors illuminated by the light source match actual colors. The higher the number the less color distortion from the reference source.
85 -100 CRI = Excellent color rendition
75 - 85 CRI = Very Good color rendition
65 - 75 CRI = Good color rendition
55 - 65 CRI = Fair color rendition
0 – 55 CRI = Poor color rendition
Color Rendition
warm light source is used, enhancing reds and oranges
neutral light source is used cool source is used enhancing blues and greens
Color rendering, expressed as a rating on the Color Rendering Index (CRI), from 0-100, describes how a light source makes the color of an object appear to human eyes and how well subtle variations in color shades are revealed. The higher the CRI rating, the better its color rendering ability.
Color Temperature (K˚)
A measure of the “warmth” or “coolness” of a light source.
≤ 3200K = “warm” or red side of spectrum
≥ 4000K = “cool” or blue side of spectrum
3500K = “neutral”
5000K = “Daylight”
Color Temperature (K˚)
REFERENCES
http://www.safelincs.co.uk/introduction-to-emergency-lighting/
http://www.fagerhult.com/no/Service/Emergency-lighting/
https://www.tlc-direct.co.uk/Technical/DataSheets/EmergencyLighting/Em_Lighting_Design_Guide.pdf
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/estates/maintenance/fire/documents/UCLFire_TN_020.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-line_diagram http://etap.com/demo-section/bus-level-selection.htm?lang=en-US
https://mrvatchersnotespage.wikispaces.com/file/view/Electrical+Code+Wire+Sizes+Presentation.wiki.pdf
http://etap.com/demo-section/bus-level-selection.htm?lang=en-US
http://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/colormetrics.html http://www.decoratingstudio.com/archives/ht_lighting/lighting_fundementals.html