Industrial RevolutionWorld History: Patterns of Interaction

Industrial Revolution

Refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the 18th century.

It begins after the Agricultural Revolution.

Why in England?

Large population of workers

Extensive natural resources Water power and coal Iron ore Rivers Harbors

Expanding economy that supports industries

Business people invested in the manufacture of new inventions.

Highly-developed banking system▪ People were encouraged by the

availability of bank loans to invest in new machinery and expand their operations.

Parliament also passed laws that protected business and helped expansion.

TEXTILE INDUSTRIES

James Hargreaves – spinning jenny

Richard Arkwright – water frame

Samuel Crompton- spinning mule

Edmund Cartwright- power loom

Eli Whitney- cotton gin

TRANSPORTATION

Steam Engine (James Watt) Faster and more

efficient steam engine that burned less fuel.

WATER TRANSPORTATION

Robert Fulton – Steamboat

In England, water transportation improved with the creation of a network of canals.

ROAD TRANSPORTATION

John McAdam- macadam roads▪ Heavy wagons could

travel over the new “macadam roads” without sinking in mud.

▪ Railways were also introduced.

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

Size of cities growth of factories Urban areas increasing in number Specialization in certain industries

Living conditions No sanitary codes Lack of adequate housing, education, police

protection Lack of running water and indoor plumbing Widespread epidemic

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

Working conditions New jobs for workers Dirty and unsanitary factories Workers trying to keep pace with machines Harsh and severe factory discipline

Emerging social classes Growing middle class of factory owners,

shippers, and merchants Workers overworked and underpaid Existence of two middle classes: rich and lower

IF YOU WERE TO BUILD UP AN INDUSTRY, WHAT INDUSTRY WOULD THAT

BE AND WHY?