Pests of Vegetable crops

1. Brinjal

2. Tomato

3. Cabbage

4. Chilli

5. Okra

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Pests of brinjal

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1. Shoot and fruit borer

2. Leaf roller

3. Epilachna beetle

4. Aphids

5. Mealy bug

6. White fly

7. Thrips

Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer

Entomological name: Leucinodes orbonalis

Family: Pyralidae

Order: Lepidoptera

Insect Characteristics

Destructive stage: Larvae/ Caterpillar

Mouth part: Biting and chewing

Description:

Colour

Size

Preference

Location

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Dull white

Light pink

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Mature Larvae

15-18 mm long

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Adult moth is white with a pink or bluish tinge

Brownish markings on its wings

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Damage/ Symptoms

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Creamy-white eggs are laid singly or in groups on the undersides of

the leaves, on stems, flower buds, or the base of the fruit

The newly hatched larva prefers to bore directly into the fruit

When feeding is complete pupation occurs on stems, dried shoots, or

among fallen leaves

Multiple overlapping generations occur in warm climates

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Brinjal Leaf Roller

Entomological name: Eublemma olivacea

Family: Noctuidae

Order: Lepidoptera

Insect Characteristics

Destructive stage: Larvae/ Caterpillar

Mouth part: Biting and chewing

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Purple - brown with many cream-colored hollow bumps and long

hairs on the back and sides

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The adult is an olive green moth that is active at night

A female lays eggs in batches of 8 – 22 on the ventral surface of leaves

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Damage/ Symptoms

Inspect the young leaves for signs of silken webbing and rolled leaves

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Young leaves are rolled lengthwise

Rolled leaves are brown and eventually dry

In heavy infestations entire portions of plants appear brown and

leaf drop occurs

The caterpillar feeds for about 4 weeks and then pupates inside

the rolled leaf

In favorable climates there may be three to four generations

each year

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Entomological name:

Epilachna duodecastigma (12-spotted)

Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (28-spotted)

Family: Coccineliidae

Order: Coleoptera

Spotted beetles

Insect Characteristics

Destructive stage: Grub and Adult

Mouth part: Biting and chewing

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Branched spines

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Entomological Name: Amrasca biguttula

Family: Jassidae

Order: Hemiptera (Homoptera)

Jassids/ Leaf hopper

Insect Characteristics

Destructive stage: Nymph and Adults

Mouth part: Piercing-sucking

24Adults and immatures are readily found on the undersides of leaves

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These pests infest the lower surface of the leaves

Commonly, if disturbed, they move very rapidly sideways and often hop

They are usually less than 13 mm long, with slender, tapered bodies of various

colors and legs with rows of sharp spines.

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Infested leaves curl upwards along the margins

Outer leaf areas appear yellowish or burned

Leaves are extremely small and

Show a mosaic pattern of yellowing

Fruit-set may be very low

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Insects’ nervous behavior makes them difficult to catch

In warm climates, multiple generations occur

Heavy infestations can cause yield reductions and total loss of crops

Some species transmit little-leaf disease and mosaic virus

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Thrips

Entomological name: Scirtothrips dorsalis

Family: Thripidae

Order: Thysanoptera

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Insect characteristics

Modified piercing-sucking mouthparts

These insects are silver-shaped and very small, about the size of a

flea, and just visible to the naked eye

The young are either yellow or white

Adults are darker with two brownish strips down their backs

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Damage is most obvious on the underside of the lower leaves,

where areas appear brownish and dried up

In severe cases, the entire leaf dries up

Similar damage is seen along the mid-vein on the upper leaf

surface

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First look at the upper surface of the lower leaves. Along the mid-

vein notice the damage on either side

This is where you should see these tiny insects

Turn the leaf over and carefully look at the sections with healthy

tissue that border areas of brown or damage tissue

If you focus well, you will notice the tiny insects moving

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Adults lay their eggs within leaf tissues and the young hatch after

several days

Adults are excitable and fly off if disturbed

Pupation occurs in the soil usually at the base of the plant

Identification of species should be made by a trained taxonomist

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Whitefly

E.N: Bemisia tabaci

F: Aleurodidae

O: Hemiptera

The affected leaves show yellowish clumpy spots

In case of numerous insects, several clumpy spots coalesce together and the leaves

along with green midribs turn yellow

The nymphs during feeding secrete sticky honey like substance that cover-up the

upper parts of the leaves and flowers

The plants become stunted

The insect does more harm by disseminating diseases than does by feeding

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Mealy bug

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Aphids

Entomological name: Apis gossipi

Nymphs and adults suck the sap from the leaves

The affected plants turn yellow, get deformed and dry away

Aphids also secrete honeydew on which sooty mould grows,

which hampers the photosynthetic activity.

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