Instructional Objectives

• TLW: Identify the 13 original English colonies, when they were founded, who established them, and why.

• TLW: Complete map activity related to establishment of 13 colonies.

• Classify characteristics of major historic events: colonization.

• Recognize the historical impacts of European settlements in North America.

The 13 The 13 OriginalsOriginals

Exploring the who, when, where, and why behind

the 13 original colonies of early America.

What’s it to you?• What would it be like to start a new

town?• What kind of obstacles would you

face?• Would you have enough support

(money and friends) to do it?• Is there something you have ever

tried to start in your life that might be like this?

• These may have been some of the questions the early settlers asked themselves when they started.

What do you

think?

Colony # 1: Virginia

• Founded in 1607 (Jamestown)• Captain John Smith is given credit

for starting this colony.• Many people at this time wanted to

leave their homeland in order to have more freedoms and to not be under the strict rule of the kings of England.

• Southern Colony

Colony # 1: Virginia

Map of Virginia published by John Smith (1612)

At Jamestown Settlement, replicas of Christopher Newport's 3 ships are

docked in the harbor.

A Pocahontas statue was erected in

Jamestown, Virginia

in 1922

Colony # 2: Massachusetts

• Founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims.

• Plymouth was the original name of the settlement.

• John Carver was the leader of the Pilgrims and author of the Mayflower Compact.

• Puritans then came and settled Boston (Mass. Bay Colony)

• John Winthrop was the governor of this settlement.

• New England Colony

Plymouth Plantation, with Cape Cod Bay visible in the

distance

Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)

Colony # 2: Massachusetts

The first Thanksgiving.

Colony # 3: Maryland

• Founded in 1634 by George Calvert who started a charter but didn’t live to see it come true. He believed all people should have religious freedom.

• King Charles I was king and didn’t agree with the religious freedom.

• In 1649, the Toleration Act was passed that guaranteed equality of rights for everyone for religion.

• Southern Colony George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

Colony #4: Rhode Island

• In 1636, Rhode Island became a colony after Roger Williams, a clergyman, obtained a charter from England to form the colony.

• He spoke out against the Puritans strictness and went to this area to settle and provide religious choice.

• Rhode Island also had freedom of religion.

• New England ColonyRoger Williams

“minister, author”

Colony #5: Connecticut

• Also founded in 1636 by a clergyman by then name of Thomas Hooker.

• He led a group of people from Rhode Island to start their own colony and they had freedom of religion.

• New England Colony

A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies.

Colony #6: North Carolina

• Founded in 1663 by English nobles.

• Charter granted by Charles II.

• Charleston: main city was named after Charles II. Became very important port city.

• Bad politics forced a split of the colony into North and South.

• Southern Colony

King Charles II

Colony #7: South Carolina

• In 1729 South Carolina received its name after a political dispute and became a colony.

• Had large plantations for growing crops and raising livestock.

• Southern Colony

Colony #8: New York

• Started as New Netherland, a Dutch colony in 1609

• James Duke of York was given it from Charles II.

• The English took over in 1664 and renamed it New York.

• Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony)

James, Duke of York

Colony #9: New Hampshire

• Sold to the king of England in 1679.

• Royal colony: king chooses governor and no elected government.

• New England Colony

Colony #10: Pennsylvania

• In 1681, William Penn was granted a charter for land between Maryland and New York.

• King Charles was in debt to Penn’s father.

• Penn was a Quaker and he gave the people two rights: 1. Freedom of Religion2. Right to elect public officials.

• Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony

Colony #11: Delaware

• In 1682, the Duke of York granted William Penn this land.

• It became a colony in 1704.

• Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony)

Colony #12: New Jersey

• The Duke of York split this land in half for two friends. (East Jersey & West Jersey)

• Government quarrels caused them to be combined in 1702.

• Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony)Map of New Netherland (17th

century)

Colony #13: Georgia

• It became a colony in 1733.

• James Oglethorpe was granted a charter to start Georgia for the poor and unfortunate who leave prison.

• It was known as a buffer zone between the Spanish and the English colonies.

• Southern Colony

THE AMERICAN COLONIESRegionRegion GeographyGeography Government & Government &

EconomyEconomyReligion & SocietyReligion & Society

NEW NEW ENGLAND ENGLAND COLONIESCOLONIES

• • Coastal areas with Coastal areas with good harbors.good harbors.

• • Inland areas with Inland areas with dense forests.dense forests.

• • Poor rocky soil & short Poor rocky soil & short growing season.growing season.

••Small farms. Lumber Small farms. Lumber mills.mills.

Fishing, Shipbuilding Fishing, Shipbuilding and Trade flourished.and Trade flourished.

••Cities developed along Cities developed along coast.coast.

••Most people organized Most people organized as congregations. as congregations. (Puritans)(Puritans)

••Lived on farms, Lived on farms, Merchants controlled Merchants controlled trade.trade.

••Artisans made goods, Artisans made goods, unskilled workers and unskilled workers and slaves provided labor.slaves provided labor.

MIDDLE MIDDLE COLONIESCOLONIES

••Fertile soil and long Fertile soil and long growing season.growing season.

••Rivers ran into Rivers ran into backcountry.backcountry.

••Colonies grew large Colonies grew large amounts of rye, oats, amounts of rye, oats, barley, potatoes & barley, potatoes & wheat as cash crop.wheat as cash crop.

••Cities on coast.Cities on coast.

••Wealthiest people Wealthiest people owned large farms & owned large farms & most business.most business.

••Most farmers produced Most farmers produced a small surplus.a small surplus.

••Tenants farmers Tenants farmers rented land or worked rented land or worked for wages.for wages.

• • Religious diversity: Religious diversity: Catholic, Quaker, Catholic, Quaker, ProtestantProtestant

SOUTHERN SOUTHERN COLONIESCOLONIES

••Favorable climate and Favorable climate and soil for agriculture.soil for agriculture.

••Wide rivers made Wide rivers made cities unnecessary. cities unnecessary. “Plantations”“Plantations”

••Tobacco, rice & indigo Tobacco, rice & indigo grown on large grown on large plantations as cash plantations as cash crops.crops.

••Wealthy elite Wealthy elite controlled most land.controlled most land.

••Labor supply: Labor supply: indentured servants & indentured servants & African slaves.African slaves.

Religion: AnglicanReligion: Anglican

The New England Triangular Trade

Ships followed ocean routes that formed a triangle on the world map.

The 13 Originals The 13 Originals (Conclusion)(Conclusion)• How do you think you would have handled

trying to start a new colony?• What was the three things most people

wanted when these new colonies were started?

• Describe the New England Colonies?• Describe the Middle or Breadbasket

Colonies?• Describe the Southern Colonies?

The New England Colonies

1. New Hampshire

2. Massachusetts

3. Rhode Island

4. Connecticut

Life in Colonial England

• Most New Englanders were:» Farmers

» Trade

» Sailing and by the sea

• They used ships called schooners were used to catch cod

• They also were known for whaling• They used the whales for oil• Boston was the largest city in the New England

colonies.

Life in Colonial New England

• Schooling was very important to New Englanders.

• They believed that children should be able to read so they can read the Bible.

• Massachusetts past a law about public education in 1647.

• The law said every town with 50 families or more must have a school.

The New England Colonies

CLIMATE

• Colder than the other two regions

– Why? Because they were the farthest north!

The New England Colonies

GEOGRAPHY

• Mostly hills with rocky soil

The Middle Colonies

• New Jersey

• Pennsylvania

• New York

• Delaware

Life in the Middle Colonies

• People lived on large farms far apart from each other.

• Families home schooled their children.

• The farms produced grains such as corn and wheat.

• They were known as the “Breadbasket of America”.

• Beaver fur was common for trade.

The Middle Colonies

• The middle colonies unlike the other colonies had settlers from all different countries:

» Europe» Germany» Holland » Sweden

• Henry Hudson explored the waterway called the Hudson River.

• The Dutch built a settlement called New Amsterdam.• New Amsterdam then became New York when it was

attacked by the English.• The English also took New Sweden from the Dutch and

called it New Jersey.

The Middle Colonies

CLIMATE– Moderate in the wintertime, moderately long

for growing crops

GEOGRAPHY– Hills and flat land

with fertile soil

The Southern Colonies

• Virginia• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia

Life in the Southern Colonies

• There were few towns in the southern colonies, but several times a year families living on plantations would travel to the county seat. This was the main town for each county, or large part of a colony.

• People went to church and traded crops for goods at the county seat.

• County seats had a courthouse, church, general store, and a jail

• Plantation owners bought and sold slaves here.

The Southern Colonies

NATURAL RESOURCES

The Southern Colonies

AGRICULTURE• Very productive• CASH CROPS of tobacco and rice.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS– Rich soil– Flat ground– Longer growing season

• Plantations – Specialized and large.

Contrast between the North and South

• List 3 differences between the Northern and Southern colonies.– Environment/Geography/Climate– Agriculture– Manufacturing