Post on 30-Dec-2015
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Interdependence Interdependence & Interaction& Interaction
In Living SystemsIn Living Systems
SystemsSystemsAny group of parts that work together Any group of parts that work together
as a unit.as a unit.
Organization of the Human Organization of the Human BodyBody
CellsCells – 1st level of organization; – 1st level of organization; the basic unit of structure and the basic unit of structure and functionfunction
TissuesTissues – a group of cells that – a group of cells that perform that same functionperform that same function
Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, Types: Muscle, Connective, Nerve, & Epithelial& Epithelial
OrgansOrgans – a group of tissues that – a group of tissues that perform a specific functionperform a specific function
Organ systemsOrgan systems – a group of – a group of organs that work together to organs that work together to perform a specific functionperform a specific function
Interactions within the Interactions within the human bodyhuman body
11 Systems of the Human Body11 Systems of the Human Body
Nervous CardiovascularDigestive
Respiratory MuscularSkeletal
Endocrine Excretory Immune
Integumentary Reproductive
NervouNervouss
obtains and obtains and processes processes information from the information from the body’s internal and body’s internal and external external environmentenvironment
directs most body directs most body functionsfunctions
main components – main components – brain, spinal cord, brain, spinal cord, nervesnerves
Axon
Dendrite
Cell Body
CardiovascularCardiovascular
CirculatoryCirculatory transports needed transports needed
materials to body materials to body cellscells
removes wastes removes wastes main components – main components –
heart, arteries, heart, arteries, veinsveins
DigestiveDigestive
breaks down food breaks down food and absorbs the and absorbs the broken-down broken-down materials materials
main components –main components – liverliver StomachStomach gall bladdergall bladder small small intestineintestine
RespiratorRespiratoryy
gets oxygen into gets oxygen into the bodythe body
removes carbon removes carbon dioxidedioxide
main components – main components – tracheatrachea or or windpipe, windpipe, lungs, lungs, diaphragmdiaphragm
Muscular & SkeletalMuscular & Skeletal Muscular – enables Muscular – enables
the body to movethe body to move– Smooth: involuntary Smooth: involuntary
(digestive tract)(digestive tract)– Striated: voluntary Striated: voluntary
(movement)(movement)– Cardio: involuntary Cardio: involuntary
(heart)(heart) Skeletal – supports Skeletal – supports
and protects the bodyand protects the body Work together to Work together to
enable movementenable movement
EndocrineEndocrine
produces chemicals produces chemicals called called hormones hormones that help control that help control many body many body processes processes
main components – main components – glandsglands and and stomach, stomach, pancreas pancreas (insulin), and (insulin), and kidneys that kidneys that produce hormonesproduce hormones
ExcretoryExcretory
removes wastesremoves wastes helps regulate helps regulate
water in the water in the bodybody
main main components – components – kidney and large kidney and large intestineintestine
ImmuneImmune
fights diseasefights disease main components – main components –
liver, lymph nodes, liver, lymph nodes, blood, thymusblood, thymus
Lymphocytes- Lymphocytes- white blood cellswhite blood cells
IntegumentaryIntegumentary
Skin– protects the bodySkin– protects the body
keeps water insidekeeps water inside helps sense the external environmenthelps sense the external environment
ReproductiveReproductive
creates offspringcreates offspring
determines male determines male and female and female characteristicscharacteristics
main components– main components– ovaries, testesovaries, testes
Review
What is the largest organ in the human body? – Skin
What type of muscle is the heart made out of?– Cardiac
Where does the process of digestion begin?– In the mouth (saliva and chewing)
What is the dome shaped muscle that helps to move air called?
– Diaphragm
Interactions & InterdependenceInteractions & Interdependence
InteractionsInteractions: organ systems work : organ systems work together to do a specific jobtogether to do a specific job
Interdependence:Interdependence: organ systems organ systems depend on each other and cannot depend on each other and cannot work alonework alone
Respiratory – delivery of Respiratory – delivery of oxygenoxygen and removal of and removal of carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide
TracheaTrachea – tube connecting to – tube connecting to the the lungslungs
AlveoliAlveoli – round sacs in the – round sacs in the lunglung
Moves oxygen from air to Moves oxygen from air to bloodblood
Moves carbon dioxide Moves carbon dioxide from blood to airfrom blood to air
Interactions: Transporting OxygenInteractions: Transporting Oxygen
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•CardiovascularCardiovascular – carries oxygen from lungs to blood – carries oxygen from lungs to blood streamstream•MuscularMuscular – enables air to enter lungs – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm Diaphragm – dome shape muscle– dome shape muscle
Transporting OxygenTransporting Oxygen
BREATHING
RESPIRATION
physical chemical
Interactions in Interactions in digesting fooddigesting food
DigestiveDigestive – breaks down food – breaks down food into simpler substances to be into simpler substances to be used by body cellsused by body cells MouthMouth and stomach – begins and stomach – begins
to break down foodto break down food Small intestineSmall intestine – completes – completes
the breakdown of food and the breakdown of food and absorbs the nutrients absorbs the nutrients (absorbs through (absorbs through villivilli))
Large intestineLarge intestine – undigested – undigested food passes out of the body food passes out of the body as wasteas waste
Interactions in Interactions in digesting fooddigesting food
MuscularMuscular – – move jaws move jaws
to breakdown foodto breakdown food
Peristalsis- Peristalsis- involuntary involuntary movement of movement of smooth musclessmooth muscles in the digestive tract in the digestive tract Enables you to swallow foodEnables you to swallow food Within the stomach – food is churned and Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller squeezed, broken down into smaller particles particles
Interactions in Interactions in digesting fooddigesting food
CardiovascularCardiovascular – – carries nutrients carries nutrients absorbed through the absorbed through the small intestine to the small intestine to the bloodblood
Nutrients are carried Nutrients are carried throughout the body.throughout the body.
small intestine magnified
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Movements: Muscles, Movements: Muscles, Bones, NervesBones, Nerves
Muscular Muscular – produce movement by – produce movement by contracting or shortening (contracting or shortening (voluntaryvoluntary striated striated muscles)muscles)
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move Skeletal – muscles attached to bones move your bodyyour body
Nervous Nervous – involved in movement. Brain and – involved in movement. Brain and nerves direct muscles to contract.nerves direct muscles to contract.
Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and Cardiovascular – circulates oxygen and food food to cellsto cells
RespiratoryRespiratory – brings oxygen into body, – brings oxygen into body, removes carbon dioxideremoves carbon dioxide
DigestiveDigestive – processes food for delivery to – processes food for delivery to cellscells
Review
Which organ systems interact to transport oxygen? (3)– Respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular
Which organ systems work together to get nutrients to cells? (3)– Digestive, muscular, cardiovascular
Which systems allow us to move? (6)– Muscular, skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive
Equilibrium and FeedbackEquilibrium and Feedback Stability of Living SystemsStability of Living Systems
EquilibriumEquilibrium – balance; stable; all parts – balance; stable; all parts function smoothlyfunction smoothly
HomeostasisHomeostasis – process by which the body’s – process by which the body’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment (body changes in the external environment (body balance)balance)
Negative FeedbackNegative Feedback One way in which living systems maintain internal One way in which living systems maintain internal
equilibrium or homeostasis equilibrium or homeostasis
Keeping Body Temperature ConstantKeeping Body Temperature Constant
Stay cool – Stay cool – sweatingsweating. . When you become warm, When you become warm, you perspire. Heat comes you perspire. Heat comes from the body out through from the body out through your sweatyour sweat
Shivering Shivering – muscles in – muscles in your body contract. This your body contract. This requires energy which requires energy which generates heat to make generates heat to make the body warm.the body warm.
Maintaining Glucose Levels Maintaining Glucose Levels in the Bloodin the Blood
Energy comes from the Energy comes from the breakdownbreakdown of the sugar glucose. of the sugar glucose. Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is Glucose comes from the food you eat. After glucose is absorbed by the absorbed by the digestivedigestive system, system, blood blood transports the transports the glucose and delivers it to cells.glucose and delivers it to cells.
Chemical reactionsChemical reactions – regulates the level of glucose in the – regulates the level of glucose in the bloodblood
Hormone Hormone – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland – a chemical produced by an endocrine gland that affects the activity of a tissue or organthat affects the activity of a tissue or organ
Insulin Insulin – a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels– a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels Produced in the pancreasProduced in the pancreas
Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Maintaining Water Equilibrium in Plants CellsPlants Cells
DiffusionDiffusion – a process where substances move – a process where substances move back and forth through the back and forth through the cell membranecell membrane
o Cell membrane – a thin, flexible structureCell membrane – a thin, flexible structure
Movement of water in cellsMovement of water in cells OsmosisOsmosis – the diffusion of water molecules through a – the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively selectively permeablepermeable membrane. membrane. o (Selectively (Selectively permeablepermeable allows some things through, allows some things through,
but not all. An example is a cell but not all. An example is a cell membrane.)membrane.)
The The concentration concentration of water molecules of water molecules in and outin and out of of the cell helps determine whether water enters or the cell helps determine whether water enters or leaves a cell.leaves a cell.
Turgor PressureTurgor Pressure
Turgor pressure – Turgor pressure – the pressure of water against the cell wall the pressure of water against the cell wall of a plant cellof a plant cellGives Gives shape shape and and firmnessfirmness to plant stems and leaves to plant stems and leavesMaintains water Maintains water balancebalance
Negative feedback in turgor pressureNegative feedback in turgor pressureTurgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering Turgor pressure helps keep excess water from entering
the plant.the plant.An An increaseincrease in turgor pressure decreases the movement in turgor pressure decreases the movement
of water molecules into the cell.of water molecules into the cell.An increase in water molecules entering the cell An increase in water molecules entering the cell
eventually causes fewer water molecules to move into eventually causes fewer water molecules to move into the cell.the cell.
Water Equilibrium in AnimalsWater Equilibrium in Animals Thirsty – animal drinksThirsty – animal drinks
Kidneys Kidneys remove wastes; remove wastes; adjust amount of water in your blood by adjust amount of water in your blood by
changing the changing the concentrationconcentration of water in the of water in the urine urine they producethey produce
Review
What does equilibrium mean?– Balance
Where is insulin produced?– Pancreas
What does insulin regulate– Glucose levels (blood sugar)
What type of pressure gives shape and firmness to plants?– turgor
Created by: C. Milton, CMS Science
Credits: – Text: CSCOPE
Images:– Microsoft Clipart– DK Clipart– Other images where cited