Internet of Things (IoT):A vision, architectural elements, and future directions

Jayavardhana Gubbi, Rajkumar Buyya, Slaven Marusic, Marimuthu Palaniswami

Maryam KarimiMAK322@pitt.edu

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General View

Ubiquitous Sensing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Internet of Things: sensors and actuators blend seamlessly with the environment

Information is shared across platform to develop a common operating picture(cop)

RFID tags, embedded sensors and actuator nodes

Intuitive query

This paper: cloud centric vision for worldwide implementation of internet of things

technologies/ applications/ cloud implementation using Aneka2

IndexIntroduction

Ubiquitous Computing

Definition, Trends, Elements

Application

Cloud Centric Internet of Things

IoT sensor data analytics SaaS using Aneka and Microsoft Azure

Open Challenges and Future Directions

Conclusions3

IntroductionIn IoT, many objects are in a network

Radio Frequency Identification and Sensor Networks

Information and communication systems are embedded in environment

Generate enormous amount of data

Cloud computing provide the virtual infrastructure

Smart connectivity and context aware computation

Evolve every day existing objects and embedding intelligence into our environment

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Smart connectivity

Technology should disappear from the consciousness of the user:

A shared understanding of the situation of its users and their appliances

Software architecture and pervasive communication networks

Analytic tools

Lead to smart connectivity and context-aware computation

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Internet of Things

The term IoT Kevin Ashton 1999 in supply chain management

Main goal: sense information without human aid

Harvest information from the environment and interact with physical world

Use internet standards to provide services for information transfer, analytics, applications and communications

Bluetooth, RFID, WiFi, telephonic data services

Interconnection between objects to create smart environment

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Number of interconnection of objects

In 2011: overtakes the number of people

Currently: 9 billion devices

Expected: 24 billion by 2020

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End users and

application areas based

on data

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Ubiquitous computing in the next decade

1980: human to human interface result in ubiquitous computing discipline

Mark Weiser the forefather of ubiquitous computing (ubicomp):

“The physical world that is richly and invisibly interwoven with sensors, actuators, displays, and computational elements, embedded seamlessly in the everyday objects of our lives, and connected through a continuous network” ubiquitous computing and storage owned by various owners

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Ubiquitous computing in the next decade (cont.)In contrast to Weiser, Roger propose a human centric ubicomp

“In terms of who should benefit, it is useful to think of how ubicomp technologies can be developed not for the Sal’s of the world, but for particular domains that can be set up and customized by an individual firm or organization, such as for agricultural production, environmental restoration or retailing”

Caceres and Friday:

Discuss building blocks of ubicomp and characteristics of the system

Two critical technology: Cloud computing and Internet of Things10

Ubiquitous computing in the next decade (cont.)

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)+ Wireless communication+ Digital electronics

=Sensors, miniature devices able to sense, compute and communicate

Ubiquitous sensing is critical in realizing overall vision of ubicomp

Cloud computingPromises reliable services Act as a receiver of data Analyze and interpret the dataDynamic resource discovery

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Ubiquitous computing in the next decade (cont.)

Sensing actuating internet framework form the core technology for smart environment

Information generated will be shared to develop common operating picture

Available IoT:Large scalePlatform independentWSN infrastructureData management and processingActuatingAnalysis

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Definition

Internet oriented (middleware)

Interconnect objects with standard communication protocols

Things oriented (sensors)

Able to interact and communicate Exchange data and information sensedReacting autonomously

Semantic oriented (knowledge)

Use information and communication technology to make services more aware, interactive and efficient

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Definition

Interconnection of sensing and actuating devices providing the ability to share information across platforms through a unified framework, developing a common operating picture for enabling innovative applications. This is achieved by seamless ubiquitous sensing, data analytics and information representation with Cloud computing as the unifying framework

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TrendsGoogle search trends:

IoT increase

WSN decrease

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IoT elements

Hardware: sensors, actuators, embedded communication hardware

Middleware: demand storage computing tools for data analytics

Representation

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IoT elements: RFID

Enable design of microchips for wireless data communication

Passive RFID:

No battery, use the power of the reader's interrogation

Application: Supply chain management, transportation, bank cards

Active RFID:

Have battery supply and can initiate the communication

Application: Port containers for monitoring cargo17

IoT elements:WSNLow cost, low power miniature devices use in remote sensing applications

Large number of intelligent sensors enable collection, processing analysis and dissemination of information

Sensor data are shared among sensor nodes and sent to a distributed or centralized system for analytics

Hardware: sensor interfaces, processing units, transceiver units and power supply

Communication stack: ad-hoc, transmit data to the base station

Platform independent Middleware: provide access to heterogeneous sensor resources

Secure data aggregation to extend network lifetime: self healing nodes, security18

IoT elements: addressing schemeUniquely identify things and remote control

Problems:IPV4: provide geographically group identificationIPV6: heterogeneous nodes, variable data types, concurrent operation and confluence of data from devices

Routing with TCP/IP

Uniform Resource Name (URN): creates replicas of resources that can be accessed through the URL

WSN which run on a different stack compared to the internet, need a subnet gateway having a URN to process IPV6 stack

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IoT elements: Data storage and analytics

Storage, Ownership and Expiry of the data

5% of total energy

Energy efficiency and reliability

For smart monitoring and actuation using artificial intelligence techniques

Centralized infrastructure to support storage and analytics like cloud computing

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IoT elements: visualisation

Interaction of users with the environment using smart phone or tablet

Moving from 2D to 3D

More information in more meaningful way

Help policy makers to convert data to knowledge to decide

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Applications: personal and home

Individuals own network, wifi, high bandwidth

Ubiquitous healthcare

Home monitoring for elderly care

Controle home equipment and social networking

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Application: Enterprize

Information used by owners and data may be released

Environmental monitoring, smart environment

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Application: Enterprize

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Application: Utilities

Service optimization, resource management (cost and profit)

Backbone network: cellular, WiFi and Satellite communication

Smart grid and smart metering: Efficient energy consumption

Video based IoT

Water network monitoring and quality assurance of drinking water

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Application: Mobile

Smart transportationUrban trafficSupply chain managementProductivityFreight delay

Bluetooth technologyNavigation systemCar handsfree set

Logistic managementMonitoring items in transportation

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Cloud Centric IoT

Vision of IoT:

Internet centric: Internet service is the main focus & data is contributed by objectsThings centric: smart objects take the center stage

A combined framework with cloud at center

Sesing services→ storage cloudAnalytic tool developers→ software toolsArtificial intelligence experts→ data mining and machine learning tools

Clouds provide storage, computation and visualizationCombine cloudsThread and mapreduce are complex→ map the framework to cloud API→ Aneka→ read, analyze, interpret

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IoT framework with cloud in center

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End to end interaction between stakeholders

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Aneka and Azure

Aneka is a platform for deploying Clouds developing applications on top of it. It provides a runtime environment and a set of APIs that allow developers to build .NET applications that leverage their computation on either public or private clouds.

Azure is a cloud computing platform and infrastructure created by Microsoft for building, deploying, and managing applications and services through a global network of Microsoft-managed data centers.

It provides both PaaS and IaaS services and supports many different programming languages, tools and frameworks, including both Microsoft-specific and third-party software and systems.

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Aneka cloud computing platform

Management servicesAccounting, Monitoring, Profiling,Scheduling, Dynamic provisioning

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Application scheduler & resource provisioning in Aneka

Assign resources to task

According to computation and data requirement

Instantiate or terminate storage, computational or network resources

Keep tasks scheduled

With dynamic negotiation with cloud IaaS providers

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IoT Sensor data analytics SaaS using Aneka and Microsoft Azure

Aneka launch instances on Azure to run applications

Hardness:Interaction between clouds → Aneka combine resources of public and private cloudsData analytic and artificial intelligence tools are computationally demanding

Aneka worker containers are deployed as instances of Azure worker role

when a user submits an application to the Aneka Master, the job units will be scheduled by the Aneka Master by leveraging on-premises Aneka Workers, if they exist, and Aneka Worker instances on Microsoft Azure simultaneously. When Aneka Workers finish the execution of Aneka work units, they will send the results back to Aneka Master, and then Aneka Master will send the result back to the user application

Update Saas by Management Extensibility Framework (loosely-coupled plugin) 33

Aneka/ Azure interaction for data analytics application

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Key technological development

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Open Challenges and Future Directions

Architecture:

European Union Project of SENSI and IoT architecture

Address the challenges

Successfully define architecture for different applications in WSN

In this paper

based on cloud computing

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Open Challenges and Future Directions

Energy Efficient Sensing

effectively exploits spatial and temporal characteristics of the data

Compressive wireless sensing (CWS) utilizes synchronous communication to reduce the transmission power of each sensor transmitting noisy projections of data samples to a central location for aggregation

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Open Challenges and Future Directions

Secure programmable network and privacy

Disabling pushing erroneous data

Access personal information

RFID allows person tracking→ cryptographic solutions

Outside attacks→ encryption

Insider attack

Secure programming protocol→ prevent malicious installation

Security in cloud

Privacy issue of collected data 38

Open Challenges and Future Directions

Different QoS requirements→ dynamic scheduling and resource allocation

New protocols → no standard mac protocol, must be self adaptive and allow multipath routing

Participatory sensing→ people centric, localized sensing, relying on users volunteering data and inconsistent gathering lead to missing samples

Data mining→ predefined events and data anomalies> inferring local activities>detect complex events

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Open Challenges and Future Directions

GIS based visualization→ Data need preprocessing before display, new visualization schemes for the representation of heterogeneous sensors in a 3D landscape that varies temporally have to be developed

Cloud Computing

Combine services from multiple stakeholders, scaleSupport: rapid creation of applications, seamless execution of applications

harness capabilitiesResource management Cloud application scheduling

International activities40

Summary and Conclusions

Proliferation of devices with sensing and actuation functions is getting close to the vision of IoT

In this paper

a user centric cloud based model

Flexibility to meet diverse needs

scalable

Associated challenges

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Thank you

Question?

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