Muhammad Umair

Introduction to Basic Database Concepts

Oracle Database 11g Developer Track

› Data– Data is raw, unorganized facts that need to be processed.

Meaning : Data can be something simple and seemingly random and useless until it is organized.

› Information– When data is processed, organized, structured or

presented in a given context so as to make it useful, it is called information.

› Metadata– Data about Data OR Definition of Data

What Is Data and Information

Data Vs Information

Dog, Book, Bag

Goat, Pen, Purse

Data

Dog, Goat

Book, Pen Bag, Purse

Information

Database Management System

› DBMS– database management system (DBMS) is – a collection of programs – that enables you to – store, modify, and extract – information from a database.

– There are many different types of database management systems, ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes.

Database Structure

DBMS

program

programprogram

End-UserUser of software program (Human Being)

Program DBMS Database

› Oracle– Oracle Corporation

› MS-Access– Microsoft

› My SQL– Oracle Corporation

› SQL Server– Microsoft

› Informix– IBM

› Db2– IBM

DMBS

› Database– Often abbreviated DB, – a database is basically a collection of information

organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data.

Database

Database

› Table– A table is a collection of data organized into columns

(fields) and rows (records) and related to other tables by common fields.

Important Data Terms

› Field– A column. A field contains all the same type of data; each

cell refers to a different unit.

› Record– A row. A record contains all the different types of data

about a unit of analysis (e.g. user, order, letter).

donations

Tables Relate to Each Other

volunteers

campaigns

users “Keys” to successFields that relate tables to each other are called “keys”.

“Primary key” is the field (column) containing a unique id for each record.

Keys prevent duplication of info in database.

Exercise› Which campaign did Mr. Greenburg volunteer for?› How much money did Sarah raise?› Who recruited her?› How much money did the phone bank raise?

users

volunteersdonations

campaigns

donations

Tables Relate to Each Other

volunteers

campaigns

users

Structured Query Language

SQL A standard language for querying and modifying relational databases.

Query Using SQL to ask the database a question.

OracleOracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply as Oracle) is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.