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Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Introduction to Botany. Lecture 37
Alexey Shipunov
Minot State University
December 2, 2011
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Outline
1 Questions and answers
2 Basal angiospermsMagnoliidae
3 Rosidae, or rosidsRosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Outline
1 Questions and answers
2 Basal angiospermsMagnoliidae
3 Rosidae, or rosidsRosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Outline
1 Questions and answers
2 Basal angiospermsMagnoliidae
3 Rosidae, or rosidsRosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Previous final question: the answer
Why angiosperms conquered the land?
They filled ecological niche of seed herbs because ofoptimized life cycleThen they expanded to the tree level again because theyblocked succession pathways («cenophobe» theory)
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Previous final question: the answer
Why angiosperms conquered the land?
They filled ecological niche of seed herbs because ofoptimized life cycleThen they expanded to the tree level again because theyblocked succession pathways («cenophobe» theory)
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Germination rate in non-angiosperms
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Magnoliidae
Basal angiospermsMagnoliidae
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Magnoliidae
Archaefructus
Fossil water plant from lower Cretaceous of ChinaVery primitive fructifications which are not yet compactedin flowerMultiple free carpels, paired stamens
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Magnoliidae
Archaefructus reconstruction
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Magnoliidae
Amborella
Small forest shrub of New Caledonia (big island in Pacificocean)Have irregular flowers, stylar canal, unusual embryo sac(with three synergids and no antipods)
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Magnoliidae
Amborella, branch with male flowers
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Magnoliidae
Amborella, diagram and formula
∂P9−11A12−21; ∂P7−8St2G4−6(where “St”are staminodes, non-functional stamens)
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Magnoliidae
Amborella stylar canal
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Magnoliidae
Trithuria
Wetland and water plants from south Asia and AustraliaHave unusual structure of fructifications (“non-flowers”)where male organs typically positioned in the center of?inflorescence/flower
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Magnoliidae
Trithuria general view
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Magnoliidae
Trithuria fructification
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Rosidae, or rosidsRosidae in general
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Main features of rosids
Pentamerous flowersOften diplostemony (two cycles of stamens)Often hypanthium (cup-like receptacle)Free petalsMost are trees
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Rosidae, or rosidsRanunculaceae—buttercup
family
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
General features of Ranunculaceae
≈ 2,000 speciesDistributed mostly in temperate regions of both Northernand Southern HemispheresGenerally, forest or meadow plants
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Morphology of Ranunculaceae
Mostly herbsVascular bundles sometimes scattered (as in monocots)Leaves are complicatedly dissected or compound,alternate, without stipulesFlowers solitary or in different raceme-like inflorescences;bisexual, mostly with infinite (> 12, irregular) number ofstamens and pistilsPetals originate from stamens, sometimes absentCarpels free, form multiple pistilsFruit is multiple follicle or multiple nutEmbryo very small, sometimes has one cotyledon
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Ranunculaceae: Ranunculus and Aquilegia
BK3−5C0−5−8A∞G1−∞
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Representatives of Ranunculaceae
Many ornamental plants, e.g., Ranunculus (buttercup),Aquilegia (columbine), AnemoneRanunculus and other genera are important component ofwet grasslands
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Ranunculus ficaria
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Blue anemones, Anemone
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Columbine, Aquilegia vulgaris
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Rosidae, or rosidsRosaceae—rose family
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Rosaceae
≈ 3,000 speciesNearly cosmopolitan, but more common to temperate andsubtropical regions of Northern HemisphereForest and meadow plants, do not prefer dry placesCompound or simple leaves with stipulesSubfamilies (formulae simplified):
Rosoideae (rose, strawberry, raspberry): BK5C5A∞G∞Spiraeoideae (spiraea, cherry, plum): BK5C5A∞G1Maloideae (apple, pear, hawthorn): BK5C5A∞G(5)
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Summary
Fossil Archaefructus, Amborella and Trithuria are mostprimitive angiospermsRanunculaceae is an example of flower stabilization
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Final question (3 points)
Why magnoliids are most primitive among flowering plants?
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
Final question (3 points)
Why magnoliids are most primitive among flowering plants?
Shipunov BIOL 154.37
Questions and answersBasal angiospermsRosidae, or rosids
Rosidae in generalRanunculaceae—buttercup familyRosaceae—rose family
For Further Reading
J. E. Bidlack, Sh. H. Jansky.Stern’s introductory plant biology. 12th edition.McGraw-Hill, 2011.Chapter 23.
Th. L. Rost, M. G. Barbour, C. R. Stocking, T. M. Murphy.Plant Biology. 2nd edition.Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2006.Chapter 25.
Shipunov BIOL 154.37